Volume 16, Issue 7 (July 2018)                   IJRM 2018, 16(7): 455-458 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Gholizadeh S, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S, Ziaei S. The association between estradiol levels and cognitive function in postmenopausal women. IJRM 2018; 16 (7) :455-458
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-1170-en.html
The association between estradiol levels and cognitive function in postmenopausal women
Soheila Gholizadeh1 , Shahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh2 , Saeideh Ziaei * 3
1- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran , Ziaei_sa@modares.ac.ir
Abstract:   (2894 Views)
Background: Levels of estradiol decreases as women arrive the menopausal transition and enter to a low, steady level during the early postmenopause. In addition, memory dysfunction are highly prevalent during this period.
Objective: Our study was designed to determine whether endogenous levels of estradiol are related to cognitive function in postmenopausal.
Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2015 to February 2016 on 209 healthy postmenopausal women. The women filled out the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Then, estradiol level was tested for association with cognitive function adjusted for factors supposed to confound this association.
Results: The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction; MoCA points ≤26 in our participants was 62.7%, and mean±SD of estradiol level was 14.92±10.24pg/ml in participants with cognitive dysfunction in comparison with 21.67±14.92pg/ml in those with normal cognitive function (p<0.001). There were significant association between MoCA points with estradiol level (p<0.001) and educational status (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Estradiol replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with low endogenous estradiol levels and decreased cognitive function might be necessary.
Keywords: Cognitive function, Estradiol level, Menopause
Full-Text [PDF 378 kb]   (702 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (480 Views)  
Type of Study: Original Article |
References
1. Henderson VW. Cognitive symptoms and disorders in the midlife women. Female Patient 2011; 36: 1-5.
2. Etgen T, Sander D, Bickel H, Forstl H. Mild cognitive impairment and dementia: the importance of modifiable risk factors. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011; 108: 743-750. [DOI:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0743]
3. Sturdee DW, Pines A, International Menopause Society Writing G, Archer DF, Baber RJ, Barlow D, et al. Updated IMS recommendations on postmenopausal hormone therapy and preventive strategies for midlife health. Climacteric 2011; 14: 302-320. [DOI:10.3109/13697137.2011.570590]
4. Lebrun CE, van der Schouw YT, de Jong FH, Pols HA, Grobbee DE, Lamberts SW. Endogenous oestrogens are related to cognition in healthy elderly women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005; 63: 50-55. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02297.x]
5. Ryan J, Stanczyk FZ, Dennerstein L, Mack WJ, Clark MS, Szoeke C, et al. Hormone levels and cognitive function in postmenopausal midlife women. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33: 1138-1147. [DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.04.011]
6. Hogervorst E, De Jager C, Budge M, Smith AD. Serum levels of estradiol and testosterone and performance in different cognitive domains in healthy elderly men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2004; 29: 405-421. [DOI:10.1016/S0306-4530(03)00053-2]
7. Wolf OT, Kirschbaum C. Endogenous estradiol and testosterone levels are associated with cognitive performance in older women and men. Horm Behav 2002; 41: 259-266. [DOI:10.1006/hbeh.2002.1770]
8. Henderson VW, St John JA, Hodis HN, McCleary CA, Stanczyk FZ, Shoupe D, et al. Cognitive effects of estradiol after menopause: A randomized trial of the timing hypothesis. Neurology 2016; 87: 699-708. [DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002980]
9. Gleason CE, Dowling NM, Wharton W, Manson JE, Miller VM, Atwood CS, et al. Effects of hormone therapy on cognition and mood in recently postmenopausal women: findings from the randomized, controlled KEEPS-cognitive and affective study. PLoS Med 2015; 12: e1001833; discussion e1001833.
10. Hoskin EK, Tang MX, Manly JJ, Mayeux R. Elevated sex-hormone binding globulin in elderly women with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2004; 25: 141-147. [DOI:10.1016/S0197-4580(03)00046-0]
11. Maki PM, Henderson VW. Hormone therapy, dementia, and cognition: the Women's Health Initiative 10 years on. Climacteric 2012; 15: 256-262. [DOI:10.3109/13697137.2012.660613]
12. Lethaby A, Hogervorst E, Richards M, Yesufu A, Yaffe K. Hormone replacement therapy for cognitive function in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008: CD003122. [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003122.pub2]
13. Herlitz A, Thilers P, Habib R. Endogenous estrogen is not associated with cognitive performance before, during, or after menopause. Menopause 2007; 14: 425-431. [DOI:10.1097/01.gme.0000247019.86748.e3]
14. Luetters C, Huang MH, Seeman T, Buckwalter G, Meyer PM, Avis NE, et al. Menopause transition stage and endogenous estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels are not related to cognitive performance: cross-sectional results from the study of women's health across the nation (SWAN). J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2007; 16: 331-344. [DOI:10.1089/jwh.2006.0057]
15. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, et al. The montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53: 695-699. [DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x]
16. Emsaki G, Molavi H, Chitsaz A, Movahed Abtahi M, Asgari K. Psychometric Properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in Parkinson's Disease Patients in Isfahan. J Isfahan Med Sch 2011; 29: 1391-1400. (in Persian)
17. Luine VN. Estradiol and cognitive function: past, present and future. Horm Behav 2014; 66: 602-618. [DOI:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.08.011]
18. Stern Y. The concept of cognitive reserve: a catalyst for research. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2003; 25: 589-593. [DOI:10.1076/jcen.25.5.589.14571]
19. Nejati V. Cognitive-executive functions of brain frontal lobe in aged adults. J Behav Sci 2010; 4: 59-64. (in Persian)
20. Kempler D, Teng EL, Dick M, Taussig IM, Davis DS. The effects of age, education, and ethnicity on verbal fluency. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1998; 4: 531-538. [DOI:10.1017/S1355617798466013]
21. Plassman BL, Langa KM, Fisher GG, Heeringa SG, Weir DR, Ofstedal MB, et al. Prevalence of dementia in the united states: the aging, demographics, and memory study. Neuroepidemiology 2007; 29: 125-132. [DOI:10.1159/000109998]
22. Boss L, Kang DH, Bergstrom N, Leasure JL. Endogenous sex hormones and cognitive function in the elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res 2015; 27: 515-521. [DOI:10.1007/s40520-014-0300-5]
23. Henderson VW, Guthrie JR, Dudley EC, Burger HG, Dennerstein L. Estrogen exposures and memory at midlife: a population-based study of women. Neurology 2003; 60: 1369-1371. [DOI:10.1212/01.WNL.0000059413.75888.BE]
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb