Volume 12, Issue 7 (8-2014)                   IJRM 2014, 12(7): 513-0 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Eftekhar M, Rahmani E, Pourmasumi S. Evaluation of clinical factors influencing pregnancy rate in frozen embryo transfer. IJRM 2014; 12 (7) :513-0
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-558-en.html
Evaluation of clinical factors influencing pregnancy rate in frozen embryo transfer
Maryam Eftekhar1 , Elham Rahmani2 , Soheila Pourmasumi * 3
1- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
2- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, Iran
3- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran , spourmasumi@yahoo.com
Abstract:   (2560 Views)
Background: Frozen embryo transfer (FET) is one of the most important supplementary procedures in the treatment of infertile couples. While general information concerning the outcome of fresh embryo transfer has been documented, paucity of investigations has addressed the clinical factors influenced on pregnancy rates in FET.
Objective: In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of clinical factors that potentially influence the outcome of FET.
Materials and Methods: We reviewed the data from 372 women who were subjected to FET registered from April 2009-2011 at the Research and clinical center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Baseline data and pregnancy rate were collected. The data were analyzed statistically using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results: The clinical pregnancy rate was 57.7 and 29.2% in women <35 years old, and women >35 years old, respectively (p<0.0001). Clinical pregnancy rates in women with FSH <10 IU/ml, and FSH >10 IU/ml were 56.3% and 17.5 %, respectively (p<0.0001). Whereas the other clinical parameters consist of reason of fetus freezing, primary IVF protocol, IVF procedure, endometrial thickness, treatment duration to fetal transfer found to be unrelated to FET outcomes (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Female age and basal FSH level are the most important factors influencing the clinical pregnancy rate following FET. 
Keywords: Frozen embryo transfer, In Vitro Fertilization, Clinical pregnancy rate
Full-Text [PDF 144 kb]   (478 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (317 Views)  
Type of Study: Original Article |
References
1. Trounson A, Mohr L. Human pregnancy following cryopreservation, thawing and transfer of an eight-cell embryo. Nature 1983; 305: 707-709. [DOI:10.1038/305707a0]
2. Zeilmaker GH, Alberda AT, van Gent I, Rijkmans CM, Drogendijk AC. Two pregnancies following transfer of intact frozen-thawed embryos. Fertil Steril 1984; 42: 293-296. [DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)48029-5]
3. Nyboe Andersen A, Goossens V, Bhattacharya S, Ferraretti AP, Kupka MS, de Mouzon J, et al. Assisted reproductive technology and intrauterine inseminations in Europe, 2005: results generated from European registers by ESHRE: ESHRE. The European IVF Monitoring Programme (EIM), for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 1267-1287. [DOI:10.1093/humrep/dep035]
4. Tiitinen A, Halttunen M, Harkki P, Vuoristo P, Hyden-Granskog C. Elective single embryo transfer: the value of cryopreservation. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 1140-1144. [DOI:10.1093/humrep/16.6.1140]
5. Oehninger S, Mayer J, Muasher S. Impact of different clinical variables on pregnancy outcome following embryo cryopreservation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2000; 169: 73-77. [DOI:10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00355-5]
6. Imudia AN, Awonuga AO, Kaimal AJ, Wright DL, Styer AK, Toth TL. Elective cryopreservation of all embryos with subsequent cryothaw embryo transfer in patients at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome reduces the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes: a preliminary study. Fertil Steril 2013; 99: 168-173. [DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.08.060]
7. Sills ES, McLoughlin LJ, Genton MG, Walsh DJ, Coull GD, Walsh AP. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and prophylactic human embryo cryopreservation: analysis of reproductive outcome following thawed embryo transfer. J Ovarian Res 2008; 1: 7. [DOI:10.1186/1757-2215-1-7]
8. Wiener-Megnazi Z, Lahav-Baratz S, Rothschild E, Abramovici H, Dirnfeld M. Impact of cryopreservation and subsequent embryo transfer on the outcome of in vitro fertilization in patients at high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 201-203. [DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03190-4]
9. Awonuga AO, Dean N, Zaidi J, Pittrof RU, Bekir JS, Tan SL. Outcome of frozen embryo replacement cycles following elective cryopreservation of all embryos in women at risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 1996; 13: 293-297. [DOI:10.1007/BF02070141]
10. Pattinson HA, Hignett M, Dunphy BC, Fleetham JA. Outcome of thaw embryo transfer after cryopreservation of all embryos in patients at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil Steril 1994; 62: 1192-1196. [DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57184-2]
11. Check JH, Choe JK, Nazari A, Fox F, Swenson K. Fresh embryo transfer is more effective than frozen for donor oocyte recipients but not for donors. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 1403-1408. [DOI:10.1093/humrep/16.7.1403]
12. Song T, Liu L, Zhou F, Lin XN, Zhang SY. [Frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) versus fresh embryo transfer in clinical pregnancy rate during in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2009; 89: 2928-2930. (In Chinese)
13. Aytoz A, Van den Abbeel E, Bonduelle M, Camus M, Joris H, Van Steirteghem A, et al. Obstetric outcome of pregnancies after the transfer of cryopreserved and fresh embryos obtained by conventional in-vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 2619-2624. [DOI:10.1093/humrep/14.10.2619]
14. Salumets A, Suikkari AM, Makinen S, Karro H, Roos A, Tuuri T. Frozen embryo transfers: implications of clinical and embryological factors on the pregnancy outcome. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 2368-2374. [DOI:10.1093/humrep/del151]
15. Edgar DH, Bourne H, Speirs AL, McBain JC. A quantitative analysis of the impact of cryopreservation on the implantation potential of human early cleavage stage embryos. Hum Reprod 2000; 15: 175-179. [DOI:10.1093/humrep/15.1.175]
16. Capalbo A, Rienzi L, Buccheri M, Maggiulli R, Sapienza F, Romano S, et al. The worldwide frozen embryo reservoir: methodologies to achieve optimal results. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1221: 32-39. [DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05931.x]
17. Schalkoff ME, Oskowitz SP, Powers RD. A multifactorial analysis of the pregnancy outcome in a successful embryo cryopreservation program. Fertil Steril 1993; 59: 1070-1074. [DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55930-5]
18. Wang JX, Yap YY, Matthews CD. Frozen-thawed embryo transfer: influence of clinical factors on implantation rate and risk of multiple conception. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 2316-2319. [DOI:10.1093/humrep/16.11.2316]
19. Zhu Y, Huang H, Zhou F. [Analysis of factors influencing the clinical in a frozen thawed embryo transfer program]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2001; 36: 290-292. (In Chinese)
20. Van Steirteghem AC, Van der Elst J, Van den Abbeel E, Joris H, Camus M, Devroey P. Cryopreservation of supernumerary multicellular human embryos obtained after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 1994; 62: 775-780. [DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57003-4]
21. Collins JA, Burrows EA, Wilan AR. The prognosis for live birth among untreated infertile couples. Fertil Steril 1995; 64: 22-28.
22. Ashrafi M, Jahangiri N, Hassani F, Akhoond MR, Madani T. The factors affecting the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 50: 159-164. [DOI:10.1016/j.tjog.2011.01.037]
23. Kassab A, Sabatini L, Tozer A, Zosmer A, Mostafa M, Al-Shawaf T. The correlation between basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels before embryo cryopreservation and the clinical outcome of frozen embryo transfers. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 1269-1275. [DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.077]
24. Ku SY, Choi YS, Jee BC, Suh CS, Choi YM, Kim JG, et al. A preliminary study on reduced dose (33 or 25 microg) gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist long protocol for multifollicular ovarian stimulation in patients with high basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; 21: 227-231. [DOI:10.1080/09513590500282125]
25. El-Toukhy T, Coomarasamy A, Khairy M, Sunkara K, Seed P, Khalaf Y, et al. The relationship between endometrial thickness and outcome of medicated frozen embryo replacement cycles. Fertil Steril 2008; 89: 832-839. [DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.04.031]
26. Li S, Chai X, Zhou Y, Chen J, Tao G. [Clinical effect of letrozole on the ovulation induction in endometrial preparation for frozen-thawed embryo transfer]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2012; 37: 1233-1238. (In Chinese)
27. Glujovsky D, Pesce R, Fiszbajn G, Sueldo C, Hart RJ, Ciapponi A. Endometrial preparation for women undergoing embryo transfer with frozen embryos or embryos derived from donor oocytes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010: CD006359. [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD006359.pub2]
28. Wright KP, Guibert J, Weitzen S, Davy C, Fauque P, Olivennes F. Artificial versus stimulated cycles for endometrial preparation prior to frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 13: 321-325. [DOI:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61434-4]
29. Check JH, Dietterich C, Graziano V, Lurie D, Choe JK. Effect of maximal endometrial thickness on outcome after frozen embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 1399-1400. [DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.01.020]
30. Dal Prato L, Borini A, Cattoli M, Bonu MA, Sciajno R, Flamigni C. Endometrial preparation for frozen-thawed embryo transfer with or without pretreatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 956-960. [DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(02)02960-6]
31. Check JH, Pinto J, Liss JR, Choe JK. Improved pregnancy outcome for women with decreased ovarian oocyte reserve and advanced reproductive age by performing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2008; 35: 167-169.
32. Check JH, Katsoff B, Brasile D, Choe JK, Amui J. Pregnancy outcome following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women of more advanced reproductive age with elevated serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2008; 35: 13-15.
33. Ciray HN, Ulug U, Tosun S, Erden HF, Bahceci M. Outcome of 1114 ICSI and embryo transfer cycles of women 40 years of age and over. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 13: 516-522. [DOI:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)60639-6]
34. Preutthipan S, Amso N, Curtis P, Shaw RW. Effect of maternal age on clinical outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). J Med Assoc Thai 1996; 79: 347-352.
35. Widra EA, Gindoff PR, Smotrich DB, Stillman RJ. Achieving multiple-order embryo transfer identifies women over 40 years of age with improved in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertil Steril 1996; 65: 103-108. [DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58035-2]
36. Orvieto R, Meltzer S, Rabinson J, Zohav E, Anteby EY, Nahum R. GnRH agonist versus GnRH antagonist in ovarian stimulation: the role of endometrial receptivity. Fertil Steril 2008; 90: 1294-1296. [DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.022]
37. Eldar-Geva T, Zylber-Haran E, Babayof R, Halevy-Shalem T, Ben-Chetrit A, Tsafrir A, et al. Similar outcome for cryopreserved embryo transfer following GnRH-antagonist/GnRH-agonist, GnRH-antagonist/ HCG or long protocol ovarian stimulation. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 14: 148-154. [DOI:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)60781-X]
38. Rimm AA, Katayama AC, Diaz M, Katayama KP. A meta-analysis of controlled studies comparing major malformation rates in IVF and ICSI infants with naturally conceived children. J Assist Reprod Genet 2004; 21: 437-443. [DOI:10.1007/s10815-004-8760-8]
39. Simon A, Holzer H, Hurwitz A, Revel A, Zentner BS, Lossos F, et al. Comparison of cryopreservation outcome following intracytoplasmic sperm injection and conventional in vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet 1998; 15: 431-437. [DOI:10.1007/BF02744937]
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb