1. Isidori AM, Pozza C, Gianfrilli D, Isidori A. Medical treatment to improve sperm quality. J Reprod Biomed 2006;12:704 -714. [
DOI:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61082-6]
2. Carlsen E, Giwercman A, Keiding N, Skakkebaek NE. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ 1992; 305:609-613. [
DOI:10.1136/bmj.305.6854.609]
3. Mosher WD, Pratt WF. Fecundity and infertility in the United States: incidence and trends. J Fertil Steril 1991; 56:192-193. [
DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)54469-0]
4. Lu P, Lai BS, Liang P, Chen ZT, Shun SQ. Antioxidation activity and protective effection of ginger oil on DNA damage in vitro. J Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2003; 28:873-875.
5. Jedlinska-Krakowska M, Bomba G, Jakubowski K, Rotkiewicz T, Jana B, Penkowski A. Impact of oxidative stress and supplementation with vitamins E and C on testes morphology in rats. J Reprod Dev 2006;52:203-209. [
DOI:10.1262/jrd.17028]
6. Sekiwa Y, Kubota K, Kobayashi A. Isolation of novel glucosides related to gingerdiol from ginger and their antioxidative activities. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48: 373-377. [
DOI:10.1021/jf990674x]
7. Zancan KC, Marques MO, Petenate AJ, Meireles MA. Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO2 and co-solvents: a study of the antioxidant action of the extracts. J Supercrit Flu 2002; 24: 57-76. [
DOI:10.1016/S0896-8446(02)00013-X]
8. Grzanna R, Lindmark L, Frondoza CG. Ginger--an herbal medicinal product with broad anti-inflammatory actions. J Med Food 2005; 8:125-132. [
DOI:10.1089/jmf.2005.8.125]
9. Rajeev K, Gagan G, Narmada P.Drug Therapy for Idiopathic Male Infertility: Rationale Versus Evidence. J of Urology 2006; 176: 1307-1312. [
DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2006.06.006]
10. Yang HS, Han DK, Kim JR, Sim JC. Effects of alpha-tocopherol on cadmium-induced toxicity in rat testis and spermatogenesis. J Korean Med Sci 2006; 21:445-451. [
DOI:10.3346/jkms.2006.21.3.445]
11. Khaki A, Ghaffari Novin M, Khaki AA,Nouri M, Sanati E, Nikmanesh M. Comparative study of the effects of gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin and ofloxacin antibiotics on sperm parameters and testis apoptosis in rats. Pakistan journal of biological science 2008; 11:1683-1689. [
DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2008.1683.1689]
12. World Health Organization. WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Semen-Cervical Mucus Interaction. 4th ed. Cambridge University Press, New York.1999.
13. Khaki A, Fathiazad F, Nouri M, Khaki AA, Jabarikh H, Hammadeh M. Evaluation of Androgenic Activity of Allium cepa on Spermatogenesis in Rat. Folia Morphol (Warsz).(in press) 2009; 68: 45-51.
14. Huang HFS, Linsenmeyer TA, Li MT, Giglio W, Anesetti R, von Hagen J,et al. Acute effects of spinal cord injury on the pituitary-testicular hormone axis and Sertoli cell functions: a time course study. J Androl 1995;16:148-157.
15. Feng R, He W, Ochi H. A new murine oxidative stress model associated with Senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2001;122: 547-559. [
DOI:10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00232-9]
16. Quintanilha AT, Packer L, Davies JM, Racanelli TL, Davies KJ. Membrane effects of vitamin E deficiency: bioenergetic and surface charge density studies of skeletal muscle and liver mitochondria. Ann NY Acad Sci 1982; 393: 32-47. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb31230.x]
17. Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO, Nemmar A. Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:409-420. [
DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.085]
18. Sies, H. (ed.) Oxidants and antioxidants. In: Oxidative Stress. Academic Press, London. pp.1991; 15-22.
19. Aruoma A, Bolognini L, Macciantelli D, Carratelli M. The radical Cation of N, N Diethyl-para-phenilendiamine : a possible indicator of oxidative stress in biological samples. Res Chem Intermed 1994; 26: 253-267.
20. Miller JK; Brzezinska-Slebodzinska E, Madsen FC. Oxidative stress, antioxidant and animals function. J Dairy Sci 1993; 76:2812-2823. [
DOI:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77620-1]
21. Ahmed RS, Seth V, Banerjee BD. Influence of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinales Rosc) on antioxidant defense system in rat: comparison with ascorbic acid. Indian J Exp Biol 2000; 38:604-606.
22. De Lamminardi E, Leclerc P, Gagnon C . Capacitation as a regulatory event that primes spermatozoa for the acrosome reaction and fertilization. Mo Hum Reprod 1997; 3: 175-193. [
DOI:10.1093/molehr/3.3.175]
23. Sikka SC. Oxidative stress and role of antioxidants in normal and abnormal sperm function. Front Biosci 1996; 1: 78-86. [
DOI:10.2741/A146]
24. Sharma PK, Agarwal A. A Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility. Urology 1996; 48: 835-850. [
DOI:10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00313-5]
25. Aitken RJ, Buckingham DW, Brindle J, Gomez E, Baker HW, Irvine DS. Analysis of sperm movement in relation to the oxidative stress created by leukocytes in washed sperm preparations and seminal plasma. Hum Reprod1995; 10: 2061-2071. [
DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136237]
26. Amr A, Hamza AEA. Effects of Roselle and Ginger on cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. Asian J Androl 2006; 8: 607-612. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00179.x]
27. Kamtchouing P, Mbongue Fandio GY, Dimo T, Jatsa HB. Evaluation of angrogenic activity of Zingiber officinale and pentadiplandra brazzeana in male rats. Asian J Androl 2002; 4: 299-301.
28. Jorsaraei SG, Yousefnia YR, Zainalzadeh M, Moghadamnia AA, Beiky AA, Damavandi MR. .The effects of methanolic extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on human sperm parameters; an in vitro study. Pak J Biol Sci 2008 ; 11: 1723-1727. [
DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2008.1723.1727]