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Volume 17, Issue 10 (October 2019)
IJRM 2019, 17(10): 685-708 |
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Hajizadeh S, Shary J R, Reed S G, Wagner C L. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its risk factors in pregnant women and their newborns in the Middle East: A systematic review. IJRM 2019; 17 (10) :685-708
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-1692-en.html
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-1692-en.html
1- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. , Wagnercl@musc.edu
2- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
2- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Abstract: (2692 Views)
Abstract
Background: Pregnant women and newborns are at risk for vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Also, poor health outcomes for pregnant women with VDD are reported in the published literature.
Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and the associated risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in Middle Eastern pregnant women and their newborns.
Materials and Methods: The international electronic databases PubMed and Scopus for the years 2000-2017 were utilized to identify studies of vitamin D status for pregnant women and newborns in the Middle East. Of the 1,785 reports identified, 1,734 met exclusion criteria and 51 studies were included for this review.
Results: The prevalence of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 50 nmol/L as a marker of vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns was between 24.5-98% and 22-100%, respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH) D < 25 nmol/L in pregnant women and their newborns was over a wide range between 16.7-80% and 22-82%, respectively. Predictors for low maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations included decreased vitamin D synthesis due to reduced exposure to sunlight and decreased nutritional intake of vitamin D. A predictor of low neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations included maternal vitamin D status and the correlation between vitamin D concentrations in maternal and cord blood.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of VDD in the pregnant women of the Middle East underscores the necessity of implementing national prevention and intervention strategies. A clear policy for clinicians and healthcare workers is needed for screening and maintaining sufficient vitamin D status during pregnancy.
Background: Pregnant women and newborns are at risk for vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Also, poor health outcomes for pregnant women with VDD are reported in the published literature.
Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and the associated risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in Middle Eastern pregnant women and their newborns.
Materials and Methods: The international electronic databases PubMed and Scopus for the years 2000-2017 were utilized to identify studies of vitamin D status for pregnant women and newborns in the Middle East. Of the 1,785 reports identified, 1,734 met exclusion criteria and 51 studies were included for this review.
Results: The prevalence of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 50 nmol/L as a marker of vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns was between 24.5-98% and 22-100%, respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH) D < 25 nmol/L in pregnant women and their newborns was over a wide range between 16.7-80% and 22-82%, respectively. Predictors for low maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations included decreased vitamin D synthesis due to reduced exposure to sunlight and decreased nutritional intake of vitamin D. A predictor of low neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations included maternal vitamin D status and the correlation between vitamin D concentrations in maternal and cord blood.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of VDD in the pregnant women of the Middle East underscores the necessity of implementing national prevention and intervention strategies. A clear policy for clinicians and healthcare workers is needed for screening and maintaining sufficient vitamin D status during pregnancy.
Type of Study: Review Article |
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