1. Brownlee M. The pathobiology of diabetic complications: A unifying mechanism. Diabetes 2005; 54: 1615-1625. [
DOI:10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1615] [
PMID]
2. Roglic G, Unwin N, Bennett PH, Mathers C, Tuomilehto J, Nag S, et al. The burden of mortality attributable to diabetes: Realistic estimates for the year 2000. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2130-2135. [
DOI:10.2337/diacare.28.9.2130] [
PMID]
3. Aitken RJ, Clarkson JS, Fishel S. Generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and human sperm function. Biol Reprod 1989; 41: 183-197. [
DOI:10.1095/biolreprod41.1.183] [
PMID]
4. Sexton WJ, Jarow JP. Effect of diabetes mellitus upon male reproductive function. Urology 1997; 49: 508-513. [
DOI:10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00573-0]
5. Meyer K, Deutscher J, Anil M, Berthold A, Bartsch M, Kiess W. Serum androgen levels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Relationship to pubertal stage and metabolic control. J Endocrinol Invest 2000; 23: 362-368. [
DOI:10.1007/BF03343739] [
PMID]
6. Johar DR, Bernstein LH. Biomarkers of stress-mediated metabolic deregulation in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 126: 222-229. [
DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.02.023] [
PMID]
7. Guneli E, Tugyan K, Ozturk H, Gumustekin M, Cilaker S, Uysal N. Effect of melatonin on testicular damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Eur Surg Res 2008; 40: 354-360. [
DOI:10.1159/000118032] [
PMID]
8. Jiang X, Zhang Ch, Xin Y, Huang Zh, Tan Y, Huang Y, et al. Protective effect of FGF21 on type 1 diabetes-induced testicular apoptotic cell death probably via both mitochondrial- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent pathways in the mouse model. Toxicol Lett 2013; 219: 65-76. [
DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.022] [
PMID]
9. Baccetti B, Marca A, Piomboni P, Capitani S, Bruni E, Petraglia F, et al. Insulin-dependent diabetes in men is associated with hypothalamo-pituitary derangement and with impairment in semen quality. Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 2673-2677. [
DOI:10.1093/humrep/17.10.2673] [
PMID]
10. Baynes JW. Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes 1991; 40: 405-412.
https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.40.4.405 [
DOI:10.2337/diab.40.4.405] [
PMID]
11. Khaksar Z, Jelodar Gh, Hematian H, Poorahmadi M. Alterations in gonadal and testicular cells of male fetuses and neonates of diabetic rats. Comparat Clin Pathol 2013; 22: 1111-1115. [
DOI:10.1007/s00580-012-1537-z]
12. Shapiro K, Gong WC. Natural products used for diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc 2002; 42: 217-226. [
DOI:10.1331/108658002763508515] [
PMID]
13. Asgarpanah J, Mohammadi Motamed S. A review on phytochemistry and pharmacology of otostegia persica (Burm. f.) boiss. J Med Plant 2013; 12: 8.
14. Sadeghi Z, Akaberi M, Valizadeh J. Otostegia persica (Lamiaceae): A review on its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Avicenna J Phytomed 2014; 4: 79-88.
15. Bahmanzadeh M, Vahidinia A, Mehdinejadiani Sh, Shokri S, Alizadeh Z. Dietary supplementation with astaxanthin may ameliorate sperm parameters and DNA integrity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2016; 43: 90-96. [
DOI:10.5653/cerm.2016.43.2.90] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
16. La Vignera S, Condorelli R, Vicari E, D'Agata R, Calogero AE. Diabetes mellitus and sperm parameters. J Androl 2012; 33: 145-153. [
DOI:10.2164/jandrol.111.013193] [
PMID]
17. Akbartabar Toori M, Joodi B, Sadeghi H, Sadeghi H, Jafari M, Talebianpoor MSh, et al. Hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of otostegia persica against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed 2015; 5: 238-246.
18. Mitjavila M, Moreno JJ. The effects of polyphenols on oxidative stress and the arachidonic acid cascade. Implications for the prevention/treatment of high prevalence diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84: 1113-1122. [
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.017] [
PMID]
19. Ebokaiwe AP, Ijomone OM, Osawe ShO, Chukwu ChJ, Ejike ChECC, Zhang G, et al. Alteration in sperm characteristics, endocrine balance and redox status in rats rendered diabetic by streptozotocin treatment: Attenuating role of Loranthus micranthus. Redox Rep 2018; 23: 194-205. [
DOI:10.1080/13510002.2018.1540675] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
20. Heath RL, Packer L. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1968; 125: 189-198. [
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1]
21. Griffith OW. Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide using glutathione reductase and 2-vinylpyridine. Anal Biochem 1980; 106: 207-212. [
DOI:10.1016/0003-2697(80)90139-6]
22. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72: 248-254. [
DOI:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3]
23. Dhindsa RS, Matowe W. Drought tolerance in two mosses: Correlated with enzymatic defence against lipid peroxidation. J Exp Botany 1981; 32: 79-91. [
DOI:10.1093/jxb/32.1.79]
24. Plewa MJ, Smith SR, Wagner ED. Diethyldithiocarbamate suppresses the plant activation of aromatic amines into mutagens by inhibiting tobacco cell peroxidase. Mutat Res 1991; 247: 57-64. [
DOI:10.1016/0027-5107(91)90033-K]
25. Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK. Superoxide dismutases: I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol 1977; 59: 309-314. [
DOI:10.1104/pp.59.2.309] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
26. Foyer CH, Halliwell B. The presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplasts: A proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism. Planta 1976; 133: 21-25. [
DOI:10.1007/BF00386001] [
PMID]
27. Velikova V, Yordanov I, Edreva A. Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants: Protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Sci 2000; 151: 59-66. [
DOI:10.1016/S0168-9452(99)00197-1]
28. Bruce CR, Carey AL, Hawley JA, Febbraio MA. Intramuscular heat shock protein 72 and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA are reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence that insulin resistance is associated with a disturbed antioxidant defense mechanism. Diabetes 2003; 52: 2338-2345. [
DOI:10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2338] [
PMID]
29. Robertson RP, Harmon J, Tran PO, Tanaka Y, Takahashi H. Glucose toxicity in beta-cells: Type 2 diabetes, good radicals gone bad, and the glutathione connection. Diabetes 2003; 52: 581-587. [
DOI:10.2337/diabetes.52.3.581] [
PMID]
30. Tiedge M, Lortz S, Drinkgern J, Lenzen S. Relation between antioxidant enzyme gene expression and antioxidative defense status of insulin-producing cells. Diabetes 1997; 46: 1733-1742.
https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.46.11.1733 [
DOI:10.2337/diabetes.46.11.1733] [
PMID]
31. Paolisso G, Giugliano D, Pizza G, Gambardella A, Tesauro P, Varricchio M, et al. Glutathione infusion potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion in aged patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 1992; 15: 1-7. [
DOI:10.2337/diacare.15.1.1] [
PMID]
32. Hsieh Y, Guan Y, Tu C, Bratt PJ, Angerhofer A, Lepock JR, et al. Probing the active site of human manganese superoxide dismutase: The role of glutamine 143. Biochemistry 1998; 37: 4731-4739. [
DOI:10.1021/bi972395d] [
PMID]
33. Ostovan F, Gol A, Javadi AR. Investigating the effects of citrullus colocynthis pulp on oxidative stress in testes and epididymis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017; 15: 41-48. [
DOI:10.29252/ijrm.15.1.41] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
34. Kakkar R, Kalra J, Mantha SV, Prasad K. Lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 1995; 151: 113-119. [
DOI:10.1007/BF01322333] [
PMID]
35. Cho SY, Park JY, Park EM, Choi MS, Lee MK, Jeon SM, et al. Alternation of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by supplementation of dandelion water extract. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 317: 109-117. [
DOI:10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00762-8]
36. Ostovan F, Olomi H, Gol A. [The citrullus colocynthis pulp antioxidant activity on oxidative stress factors of liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats]. Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 17: 388-398. (in Persian)
37. Ceriello A, dello Russo P, Amstad P, Cerutti P. High glucose induces antioxidant enzymes in human endothelial cells in culture: Evidence linking hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Diabetes 1996; 45: 471-477.
https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.45.4.471 [
DOI:10.2337/diabetes.45.4.471] [
PMID]
38. Mohamed NA, Abdel Gawad HS. Taurine dietary supplementation attenuates brain, thyroid, testicular disturbances and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in male rats. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 2017; 6: 247-252. [
DOI:10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.04.006]
39. Nasrolahi O, Khaneshi F, Rahmani F, Razi M. Honey and metformin ameliorated diabetes-induced damages in testes of rat; correlation with hormonal changes. Iran J Reprod Med 2013; 11: 1013-1020.
40. Nna VU, Abu Bakar AB, Mohamed M. Diabetes mellitus-induced male reproductive impairment: the role of natural products: A review. J Appl Pharm Sci 2017; 7: 233-242.
41. Cameron DF, Murray FT, Drylie DD. Interstitial compartment pathology and spermatogenic disruption in testes from impotent diabetic men. Anat Rec 1985; 213: 53-62. [
DOI:10.1002/ar.1092130108] [
PMID]
42. Kehinde EO, Anim JT, Mojiminiyi OA, Al‐Awadi F, Shihab‐Eldeen A, Omu AE, et al. Allopurinol provides long‐term protection for experimentally induced testicular torsion in a rabbit model. BJU Int 2005; 96: 175-180.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05590.x [
DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05924_5.x] [
PMID]
43. Cheng Y, Yang ZhL, Shi J, Yang J, Zhao J, He Y, et al. Total flavonoids of Epimedium ameliorates testicular damage in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35: 268-276. [
DOI:10.1002/tox.22864] [
PMID]
44. Tofighi Z, Alipour F, Hadavinia H, Abdollahi M, Hadjiakhoondi A, Yassa N. Effective antidiabetic and antioxidant fractions of otostegia persica extract and their constituents. Pharm Biol 2014; 52: 961-966. [
DOI:10.3109/13880209.2013.874463] [
PMID]
45. Shewamene Z, Abdelwuhab MB, Birhanu Z. Methanolic leaf exctract of otostegia integrifolia benth reduces blood glucose levels in diabetic, glucose loaded and normal rodents. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015; 15: 19. [
DOI:10.1186/s12906-015-0535-5] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
46. Pereira DF, Cazarolli LH, Lavado C, Mengatto V, Figueiredo MSRB, Guedes A, et al. Effects of flavonoids on α-glucosidase activity: Potential targets for glucose homeostasis. Nutrition 2011; 27: 1161-1167. [
DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2011.01.008] [
PMID]
47. Sharififar F, Yasa N, Shafiei A. Antioxidant activity of Otostegia persica (Labiatae) and its constituents. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2003; 2: 235-239.
48. Kwon O, Eck P, Chen S, Corpe CP, Lee JH, Kruhlak M, et al. Inhibition of the intestinal glucose transporter GLUT2 by flavonoids. FASEB J 2007; 21: 366-377. [
DOI:10.1096/fj.06-6620com] [
PMID]
49. Youl E, Bardy G, Magous R, Cros G, Sejalon F, Virsolvy A, et al. Quercetin potentiates insulin secretion and protects INS‐1 pancreatic β‐cells against oxidative damage via the ERK1/2 pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161: 799-814. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00910.x] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
50. Vessal M, Hemmati M, Vasei M. Antidiabetic effects of quercetin in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2003; 135: 357-364. [
DOI:10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00140-6]
51. Kannappan S, Anuradha C. Insulin sensitizing actions of fenugreek seed polyphenols, quercetin and metformin in a rat model. Indian J Med Res 2009; 129: 401-408.
52. Ola MS, Aleisa AM, Al-Rejaie SS, Abuohashish HM, Parmar MY, Alhomida AS, et al. Flavonoid, morin inhibits oxidative stress, inflammation and enhances neurotrophic support in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neurol Sci 2014; 35: 1003-1008. [
DOI:10.1007/s10072-014-1628-5] [
PMID]
53. Chen YT, Zheng RL, Jia ZJ, Ju Y. Flavonoids as superoxide scavengers and antioxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 1990; 9: 19-21. [
DOI:10.1016/0891-5849(90)90045-K]
54. Subash S, Subramanian P. Effect of morin on the levels of circulatory liver markers and redox status in experimental chronic hyperammonaemic rats. Singapore Med J 2008; 49: 650-655.
55. Paoli P, Cirri P, Caselli A, Ranaldi F, Bruschi G, Santi A, et al. The insulin-mimetic effect of morin: A promising molecule in diabetes treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1830: 3102-3111. [
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.017] [
PMID]
56. Basha SKh, Kumari VS. In vitro antidiabetic activity of psidium guajava leaves extracts. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2012; 2: S98-S100. [
DOI:10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60131-5]
57. Oh WK, Lee ChH, Lee MS, Bae EY, Sohn ChB, Oh H, et al. Antidiabetic effects of extracts from psidium guajava. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 96: 411-415. [
DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.041] [
PMID]
58. Vinayagam R, Xu B. Antidiabetic properties of dietary flavonoids: A cellular mechanism review. Nutr Metab 2015; 12: 60. [
DOI:10.1186/s12986-015-0057-7] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
59. AlSharari ShD, Al-Rejaie SS, Abuohashish HM, Aleisa AM, Parmar MY, Ahmed MM. Ameliorative potential of morin in streptozotocin-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Trop J Pharm Res 2014; 13: 1429-1436. [
DOI:10.4314/tjpr.v13i9.8]