1. Sakkas D. Evaluation of embryo quality: a strategy for sequential analysis of embryo development with the aim of single embryo transfer. In Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques. By Martin DZ. Springer, UK; 2001: 228-229.
2. De Lamirande E, Leclerc P, Gagnon C. Capacitation as a regulatory event that primes spermatozoa for the acrosome reaction and fertilization. Mol Hum Reprod 1997; 3: 175-194. [
DOI:10.1093/molehr/3.3.175]
3. Bavister BD. Early history of in vitro fertilization. Reproduction 2002; 124: 181-196. [
DOI:10.1530/rep.0.1240181]
4. Ogawa S, Satoh K, Hamada M, Hashimoto H. In vitro culture of rabbit ova fertilized by epididymal sperms in chemically defined media. Nature 1972; 238: 270-271. [
DOI:10.1038/238270a0]
5. Brackett BG, Oliphant G. Capacitation of rabbit spermatozoa in vitro. Biol Reprod 1975; 12: 260-274. [
DOI:10.1095/biolreprod12.2.260]
6. Dinnyés A, Dai Y, Barber M, Liu L, Xu J, Zhou P, et al. Development of cloned embryos from adult rabbit fibroblasts: Effect of activation treatment and donor cell preparation. Biol Reprod 2001; 64: 257-263. [
DOI:10.1095/biolreprod64.1.257]
7. Schumacher A, Fischer B. Influence of visible light and room temperature on cell proliferation in preimplantation rabbit embryos. J Reprod Fertil 1988; 84:197-204. [
DOI:10.1530/jrf.0.0840197]
8. Szczygiel MA, Kusakabe H, Yanagimachi R, Whittingham DG. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is more efficient than in vitro fertilization for generating mouse embryo from cryopreserved spermatozoa. Biol Reprod 2002; 67: 1278-1284. [
DOI:10.1095/biolreprod67.4.1278]
9. Khurana NK, Niemann H. Effects of oocyte quality, oxygen tension, embryo density, cumulus cells and energy substrates on cleavage and morula/blastocyst formation of bovine embryos. Theriogenology 2000; 54: 741-756. [
DOI:10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00387-3]
10. Loutradis D, Drakakis P, Kallianidis K, Sofikitis N, Kallipolitis G, Milingos S, et al. Biological factors in culture media affecting in vitro fertilization, preimplantation embryo development, and implantation. Annal NY Acad Sci 2000; 900: 325-335. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06245.x]
11. Ogawa S, Satoh K, Hashimoto H. In vitro culture of rabbit ova from the single cell to the blastocysts stage. Nature 1971; 233: 422-424. [
DOI:10.1038/233422a0]
12. Anahita V, Asilian A, Khalesi f, Khodami L, Shahtalebi MA. Caffeine effect in treatment of pezoriazis volgaris: randomal clinical experimental work. Seasonal J Skin Dis 2005; 181: 465-462.
13. Niwa K, Oghoda O. Synergistic effect of caffeine and heparin on in vitro fertilization of cattle oocytes matured in culture. Theriogenology 1988; 30: 733-741. [
DOI:10.1016/0093-691X(88)90308-1]
14. Parrish JJ, Susko-parrish JI, Winter MA, First NI. Capacitation of bovine sperm by heparin. Biol Repord 1988; 38: 1171-1180. [
DOI:10.1095/biolreprod38.5.1171]
15. Fornier V, Leclerc P, Cormier N, Bailey J. Implication of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase type 1 during bovine sperm capacitation. J Androl 2003; 24: 104-112.
16. Homonnai ZT, Paz G, Sofer A, Kraicer PF, Harell A. Effect of caffeine on the motility, viability, oxygen consumption and glycolytic rate of ejaculated human normokinetic and hypokinetic spermatozoa. Int J Fertil 1976; 21: 162-170.
17. Institute of standards and industrial research of Iran. Biological evaluation of medical devices-Part 2: Animal Welfare Requirements. ISIRI. 2008; 7216-7222.
18. WHO guidelines on semen analysis. WHO guidelines 1999.
19. Rashidi I, Movahedin M, Tiraihi T. The effects of pentoxifylline on mouse epididymal sperm parameters, fertilization and cleavage rates after short time preservation. Iran J Reprod Med 2004; 2: 51-57.
20. Aparicio NJ. Therapeutical use of pentoxiphylline in disturbed male fertility. Singapore Med J 1979; 20 (suppl.): 43-51.
21. Pereira RJ, Tuli RK, Wallenhorst S, Holtz W. The effect of heparin, caffeine and calcium ionophore A23187 on in vitro induction of the acrosome reaction in frozen-thawed bovine and caprine spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2000; 54: 185-192. [
DOI:10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00340-X]
22. Taketo M, Schroeder AC, Mobraaten LE, Gunning KB, Anten GH, Fox RR, et al. FVB/N: an inbred mouse strain preferable for transgenic analyses. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 2065-2069. [
DOI:10.1073/pnas.88.6.2065]
23. Garty NB, Salomon Y. Stimulation of partially purified adenylate cyclase from bull sperm by bicarbonate. FEBS Lett 1987; 218: 148-152. [
DOI:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81036-0]
24. Zhang M, Hong H, Zhou B, Jin S, Wang C, Fu M, et al. The expression of atrial natriuretic peptide in the oviduct and its functions in pig spermatozoa. J Endocrinol 2006; 189: 493-507. [
DOI:10.1677/joe.1.06483]
25. Aitken RJ, Harkiss D, Knox W, Paterson M, Irvine DS. A novel signal transduction cascade in capacitating human spermatozoa characterized by a redox-regulated, cAMP-mediated induction of tyrosine phosphorylation. J Cell Sci 1998; 111: 645-656.
26. Schlegel PN, Girardi SK. In vitro fertilization for male factor infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1997; 82: 709-716. [
DOI:10.1210/jcem.82.3.3785]
27. Kusakabe H, Szczygiel MA, Whittingham DG, Yanagimachi R. Maintenance of genetic integrity in frozen and freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 13501-13506. [
DOI:10.1073/pnas.241517598]
28. Barlow P, Puissant F, Van der Zwalmen P, Vandromme J, Trigaux P, Leroy F. In vitro fertilization, development and implantation after exposure of mature mouse oocyte to visible light. Mol Reprod Dev 1992; 33: 297-302. [
DOI:10.1002/mrd.1080330310]
29. Hegele-Hartung C, Schumacher A, Fischer B. Effects of visible light and room temperature on the ultrastructure of preimplantation rabbit embryos: a time course study. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1991; 183: 559-571. [
DOI:10.1007/BF00187905]
30. Gardner DA, Weissman A, Howles CM, Shoham Z. Text book of assisted reproductive techniques. Lab Clin Perspect 2001; 99: 223-232.
31. Heyman Y. Timing of transplantation and success of pregnancy in mammals. Reprod Nutr Dev 1988; 28: 1773-1780. [
DOI:10.1051/rnd:19881021]
32. Samour JH. Recent advances in artificial breeding techniques in birds and reptiles. Int Zoo Y B 1986; 24/25: 143-148. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1985.tb02530.x]
33. Yamano S, Nakagawa K, Nakasaka H, Aono T. Fertilization failure and oocyte activation. J Med Invest 2000; 47: 1-8.
34. Lane M, Gardner DK. Effect of incubation volume and embryo density on the development and viability of mouse embryos in vitro. Hum Reprod 1992; 7: 558-562. [
DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137690]
35. Tian JH, Wu ZH, Liu L, Cai Y, Zeng SM, Zhu SE, et al. Effects of oocyte activation and sperm preparation on the development of porcine embryos derived from in vitro-matured oocytes and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Theriogenology 2006; 66: 439-448. [
DOI:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.10.026]