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The relationship between gender role and attitude toward menstruation with female sexual function: A cross-sectional study
Najme Mokhtari, Azade Salavati, Elham Azmoude,
Volume 18, Issue 10 (10-2020)
Abstract

Background: Although female sexual function can be affected by many psychological, interpersonal, and sociocultural factors, limited studies have focused on the relationships between this construct with some concepts such as women’s attitudes toward menstruation and perception from their gender role.
Objective: To investigate the association between gender roles and attitude toward menstruation with sexual function among Iranian reproductive women.
Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on a group of 164 Iranian women referred to the health centers of Torbat Heydariyeh, between August and December 2018. All eligible women filled the female sexual function index (FSFI), Bem Sex Role Inventory, and Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire.
Results: The result showed that the total FSFI score was significantly higher in masculine and androgynous gender role groups than women with undifferentiated gender role (p = 0.014, and p = 0.012, respectively). Nevertheless, androgynous women had better sexual arousal than undifferentiated women (p = 0.013). Significant reverse correlations were observed between the perception of menstruation as a debilitating, bothersome, and predictable event with a total score of FSFI and all subscales except lubrication (p = 0.001). In contrast, there was a positive relationship between denial of any effects of menstruation with total FSFI and all its sub-scores except lubrication (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: This study highlighted the role of masculinity and androgyny gender role stereotypes and menstrual attitude in the sexual function of heterosexual women. Future studies are needed to explain how these psychological contexts contribute to different aspects of women's sexuality.


Determining the sexual quality of life and related factors in patients referred to the department of cardiac rehabilitation: A cross-sectional study
Iman Taqizade Firoozjaei, Mohsen Taghadosi, Zohre Sadat,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background: One of the neglected issues among cardiovascular participants is sexual activity, which can affect their general quality of life.
Objective: To evaluate the sexual quality of life and its related factors.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 cardiovascular participants, referred to the department of rehabilitation of the Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan, Iran in May 2017. Individuals who met the inclusion criteria filled the demographic characteristics questionnaires, including sexual quality of life questionnaire (SQOL) -female and SQOL-male, sexual knowledge post-myocardial infarction scale (SKS-MI), sexual knowledge after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery scale (SKS-CABG), and couple communication scale (CCS).
Results: In this research, the mean score of SQOL of the participants was 50.02 ± 22.57. According to the results, there was a significant and positive association between the scores of SQOL and CCS (r = 0.540, p ≤ 0.0001), SKS-MI (r = 0.322, p = 0.006), and SKS-CABG (r = 0.178, p = 0.046). The maximum association was observed between SQOL and CCS and the minimum association between SQOL and SKS-CABG. Moreover, there was a relationship between the SQOL and participant’s age and level of education.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the sexual quality of life scores among participants with MI and CABG was not favorable and this participant suffered from a lack of sexual knowledge.

Fear of childbirth in Iran: A systematic review of psychological intervention research
Marzieh Azizi, Mahsa Kamali, Forouzan Elyasi, Mahboobe Shirzad,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background: Due to the fear of childbirth (FOC) and failure to provide painless delivery in Iran, the prevalence rate of elective Cesarean section (C-section) performed on request by pregnant women is on the rise. However, no systematic review assessing the results of studies in this respect has been thus far developed.
Objective: To systematically review published psychological intervention research reflecting on FOC in Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, the databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Wiley, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database were searched to retrieve the relevant studies. Manual searches were performed to find the relevant articles and finally 21 intervention studies were reviewed.
Results: Based on the modified Jadad Scale, a methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tool, 14 and 7 studies had acceptable or good and low quality, respectively. Of the included articles, fear, fear of childbirth, pregnancy, psychological intervention, Iran. Cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, psychological counseling, childbirth preparation classes (CPCs), mindfulness programs, and psychoeducation had been also practiced as the main types of psychological interventions for reducing FOC in pregnant women.
Conclusions: There was no clear evidence to establish the most effective method for minimizing levels of FOC in pregnant women. Based on the assessment tool and since most of the studies had moderate or low quality, conducting standard and high-quality randomized controlled trials focusing on FOC in pregnant women is of most importance in Iranian population.

K-31 In vitro spermatogenesis in artificial testis for male infertility
Koruji M, Bashiri Z, Asgari Hr,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Increasing male infertility rates have led to a greater need for new artificial testicular systems in order to preserve fertility. Laboratory studies have shown that preservation, proliferation, differentiation, and transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells or testicular tissue could be ways to maintain the fertility of childhood cancer patients and azoospermic men in the future. In this regard, tissue and cell culture, supplements and 3D scaffolds have created a new perspective on the differentiation of stem cells in vitro, which could improve the outcomes of male infertility. The 3D matrix appears to allow for the formation of colonies and the proper arrangement of testicular cells, although differentiation has not yet been fully obtained. Therefore, in the future, new systems will be needed so that they can cause proliferation and maturation of germ cells in laboratory conditions and ultimately produce functional sperm by emphasizing regeneration of the germ cell microenvironment.

K-32 New horizons in onco-fertility
Ledger W,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Improvements in the management of many common cancers in young people have led to significant growth in the number of long-term survivors of cancer in people of reproductive age. However, survival comes at a price, with many young people suffering significant side effects from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These include significant damage to reproduction due to the gonadotoxicity of cancer treatments. Recognition of the importance of future fertility to cancer survivors has led to increasing interest in the subspecialty of “oncofertility” the preservation of reproductive options for young men and women before cancer treatment. Fertility preservation is relatively straightforward for most post-pubertal males and cryopreservation of semen has been performed for over half a century for this group of patients. More recently, technological developments in cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos have allowed realistic chances of future fertility of female patients who preserve gametes or embryos before treatment. In younger patients or those who do not have time to undertake a stimulated IVF cycle to obtain oocytes, ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an increasingly used option. Testicular tissue is also frozen for pre-pubertal boys, but cannot currently be used to reinitiate spermatogenesis. Future prospects include novel means of ovarian protection providing improvement on the largely ineffective use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, and increasingly, in vitro maturation of immature oocytes to reduce the time taken to perform fertility preservation before cancer treatment can be started.

K-33 Sperm selection using motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME) in ART
Mangoli E,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
The ultimate aim of any sperm selection method is to provide the best-quality sperm possible so as to maximize the outcome of whatever assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures are to be undertaken. Gamete micromanipulation, such as intracytoplasmic sperm. injection (ICSI), is very useful for treating couples with compromised sperm parameters. An alternative method of sperm selection has been described; the spermatozoa are selected under high magnification (over 6000x) with sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME) criteria and used for ICSI.
This technique, named intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI), has a theoretical potential to improve reproductive outcomes among couples undergoing assisted reproduction technology (ART).
According to the majority of studies, it is not recommended to use MSOME/IMSI routinely in the ART program. The couples with repeated implantation failures, patients with severe male factor infertility, sperm DNA damage, advanced male, and maternal ages are the populations who will have higher chances to conceive from this technique. It is also recommended that diagnostic morphological evaluation of semen samples with MSOME is done before ICSI/IMSI procedure. The effectiveness of IMSI is still controversial mainly due to differences in inclusion criteria, stimulation protocols, seminal and oocyte qualities, and many other confounding variables within the ART program. However, there is no doubt that the use of MSOME/IMSI techniques can be helpful for some infertile couples to have a baby.

K-34 The indication of surgery in endometriosis
Mehdizadeh A,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Endometriosis is highly prevalent, yet compared to equally prevalent conditions it is poorly understood and a challenge to manage. It has been estimated that more than 176 million women worldwide suffer from endometriosis and its associated symptoms including infertility, cyclical and non-cyclical abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dysuria, and dyschezia. Endometriosis may be categorized into three entities: peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriotic cysts (endometrioma), and deep endometriosis (DE) (previously known as deep infiltrating endometriosis or DIE). Indications for endoscopic diagnosis and treatment in endometriosis are as follows: Pain, Organ destruction and/or Infertility. Surgical removal of the lesions is considered the “gold standard” for symptom control. Surgery is an important treatment option for women with DE.
However, like medical intervention, surgery is not always successful and is also associated with clinically relevant risks (Chapron et al., 1998; Becker et al., 2017). Surgical treatment failure can be partially attributed to the heterogeneity of endometriosis but it is also correlated with factors such as surgical experience, the complexity of each case, and anatomical locations of the disease. Surgeons must have significant knowledge of pelvic anatomy in order to have an approach to a grossly distorted surgical field. Thus, pelvic anatomical landmarks represent essential points of reference to start procedures such as mobilization of the pelvic viscera, wide peritoneal resections, or the identification of further anatomical structures to be preserved, such as bowel, ureter, vessels, and parasympathetic and orthosympathetic pelvic neural fibres in nerve-sparing procedures (Ceccaroni et al., 2018). The principles for identifying and treating deep endometriotic lesions and the good practice recommendations in the text aim to support clinicians and surgeons in counselling and treating (or referring) women presenting with DE.

K-43 Sperm selection using Microfluidic method
Pacey A,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Abstract not received.
K-35 Sharing beliefs-triangle of sexuality, religion, and infertility: Argumentative review
Merghati Khoei E, Merghati A, Merghati Khoei T,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
The influences of culture are present in different areas of sexual and reproductive behaviours as well as help-seeking behaviours in the case of infertility. The conflict between religious teachings, sexuality, and infertility related interventions is of increasing importance in traditional societies today. In other words, the clash between religious tradition, sexuality, and infertility can be a controversial scientific issue in clinical settings. This article explores these issues and draws insights from Iranian’s religiosity, where this challenging triangle is considerable in the context of competing sexuality and infertility related help-seeking behaviours. It raises far-reaching issues concerning the distinction between belief and practice, as well as the role of religious teaching in the sexual and reproductive sphere.
In this article, we have attempted to find a way forward which not only recognizes cultural limitations in terms of the religiosity and sexuality dichotomy but also its strengths in terms of the need for acknowledgement and civility in the assisted reproduction technology (ART) sphere. The authors also advocate that Muslim countries with advanced ART should adopt a fact-specific approach that is sensitive to the sexuality issues in the contexts with specific religious interpretation (Tafsir), and which focuses upon the values of religiosity, tolerance and mutual respect to one’s sexuality.
In sum, we argue that ART policies in Iran may lend themselves to a model of accommodation and compromise which avoids stubbornness and instead seeks out common ground in “religious teachings, sexuality educations, and infertility management. Although the task may be challenging, the consequences of failure, to our mind, justify the effort.

K-36 Potential regenerative effects of amniotic-fluid derived exosomes on the rat model of azoospermia
Mobarak H, Heidarpour M, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M, Mahdipour M,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Any defect during the spermatogenesis process may cause temporary or permanent male infertility. Cell-free therapies and by-products such as exosomes have been used as alternative modalities for the treatment of tissue injuries. There is no data on the use of extracellular vesicles to restore male fertility. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of amniotic fluid-derived extracellular vesicles including exosomes (AF-Exos) on the recovery of sperm production capacity in a rat model of azoospermia. Exosomes were isolated from amniotic fluid samples via ultracentrifugation and characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and western blotting techniques. The induction of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in rats was performed by intratesticular administration of 5 mg/kg/testes Busulfan. Azoospermia was confirmed with histological and spermiogram analysis. AF-Exos samples (10 and 40 μg exosomal protein) were injected into the testes of NOA rats. Two months after intervention, the spermatogenesis rejuvenation was evaluated via histopathology (H & E staining), spermiogram, and hormonal analysis. The expression level of a regeneration marker (OCT-3/4) was also studied via immunohistochemistry staining and the number of spermatogonial progenitors was as well evaluated. AF-derived Exos showed sphere-shaped morphology with 50 ± 7.521 nm mean diameter and -7.16 mV zeta potential, and are positive in specific surface markers (CD63, CD9, and CD81). Histopathological and spermiogram data revealed that the spermatogenesis index and sperm parameters were significantly improved after AF-Exos injection compared to azoospermic groups. Also, after AF-Exos injection the OCT-3/4+ cells were increased in NOA rats exhibited spermatogenesis restoration. Both doses of exosome (10 and 40 μg) restored the testicular function in NOA rats. Except in a high dose of AF-Exos (40 μg) for testosterone and FSH, no statistically significant differences were found regarding hormonal levels post-exosome injection. Our study demonstrated that AF-Exos have the potential capacity to facilitate regeneration in the spermatogenesis process and improve sperm quality through paracrine effects via releasing potential restoratives factors into the site of injury. This study provides a novel therapeutic insight on the NOA treatment.

K-38 Ex vivo spermatogenesis: Static or dynamic culture system
Movahedin M,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Infertility is one of the most important problems in human societies, today. This issue can change the social life of infertile couples and has nothing to do with the cause of infertility. However, it should be noted that about 50% of infertility cases are related to men. In vitro germ cell maturation and enrichment transfer techniques could potentially help to preserve fertility, especially in pubertal males without mature germ cells. In addition, this technique could also be potentially used for the treatment and the maintenance of biological paternity of oligozoospermic or azoospermic patients. Today, with advances in reproductive biotechnology, it is possible to produce in vitro male haploid cells. This matter can help a large group of infertile patients. To achieve this goal, many researchers have studied different culture systems and other factors involved in stimulating ex vivo spermatogenesis. Various methods have been proposed, including organ culture system, two/three-dimensional culture and isolated cell culture method or adding the required supplements of tissue or cell in the culture medium. In order to bring the culture system closer to the in vivo conditions with the aim of spermatogenesis, major changes are necessary. One of these changes is the use of dynamite culture instead of static culture. Recently, bioreactor, in which biological or biochemical processes are developed under a closely monitored and tightly controlled environment, is one of the latest approaches that often used to culture cell and tissue in-vitro. It is suggested that the organotypic culture of testicular tissue or fragments is capable of maintaining the architecture and viability of germ cells, and induction of in-vitro spermatogenesis. Moreover, the addition of a mini-bioreactor or microfluidic device has shown the potential to improve organotypic culture systems, as it can lead to long-term ex vivo maintenance of testis tissues which is required for producing sperm. Although these techniques have only been applied in lab animals, there is reproductive technology advancement hope for the near future that these methods will also give surprising results in humans.

K-37 Cycle regimens for frozen-thawed embryo transfer
Moini A,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) enables the excess embryos generated by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to be stored and utilized at a later date. This reduces wastage after IVF and increases the chance of conceiving after one cycle of ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval. In recent years, the number of FET cycles performed has increased dramatically due to the trend towards transferring fewer embryos after a fresh IVF cycle, and as a result of improved laboratory techniques. In contrast to the complex stimulation protocols employed to stimulate multiple follicular growth for IVF, frozen embryo transfer (FET) protocols are simpler, with the primary aim limited to adequate preparation of the endometrium to receive the thawed, transferred embryo(s). However, despite the growing importance of FET in the treatment of subfertility, there is little consensus on the best method for endometrium preparation in ovulatory women. In order to optimize pregnancy rates, the development of embryos and endometrium should be synchronized. This can be achieved in various ways. The simplest method of endometrium preparation is represented by natural cycle FET (NC-FET), in which the endocrine preparation of the endometrium is achieved by endogenous sex steroid production from a developing follicle. Timing of embryo transfer is determined by detecting the spontaneous luteinizing hormone surge or by administering human chorionic gonadotropin to initiate luteinization. A frequently employed alternative approach is represented by ‘artificial cycle protocols’ in which exogenous estrogens and progesterones are administered, with or without co-treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. In artificial cycle FET (AC-FET), estrogen and progesterone are administered in a sequential regimen that aims to mimick the endocrine exposure of the endometrium in the normal cycle. Initially, estradiol is given in order to cause proliferation of the endometrium, while suppressing the development of the dominant follicle. This is continued until the endometrium is observed to be 7-9 mm thick on ultrasound, at which time progesterone is added to initiate secretory changes. The physiological mid-cycle shift from estrogen to progesterone is thus emulated. The timing of embryo thawing and transfer is planned according to the moment of progesterone supplementation.
In conclusion, natural cycle treatment has a higher chance of live birth and lower risks of PIH, PPH and VPTB than AC for endometrial preparation in women receiving FET cycles. Ovarian stimulation with Gn/FSH or AI may be promising, but the evidence is scare and needs to be evaluated in future studiespregnancies after NCFET have a more favourable outcome compared with AC-FET, with lower rates of HDP, preeclampsia, LGA and macrosomia. The development of gestational hypertension in FET cycles seems not to be influenced by the mode of endometrial preparation. This is valuable information, as the number of FET cycles has increased, including the ‘freeze-all’ strategy. Future studies are required to clarify the underlying biologic mechanisms of our findings, and further randomized controlled trials are needed to improve the quality of evidence.

K-39 Sperm selection using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) in assisted reproduction
Nabi A,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Magnetic separation has been successfully applied to many aspects of both biomedical and biological research and also in clinical areas like cellular therapies for human autoimmune disease, like rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and SLE. Infertile men with poor sperm motility and morphology were found to have increased sperm DNA fragmentation compared with individuals with normal semen analysis may also have a high degree of sperm DNA fragmentation, which can be a major cause of unexplained infertility, and sperm DNA fragmentation. Aberrant chromatin packaging during spermatogenesis, defective apoptosis before ejaculation, or excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ejaculate. Exposures to environmental or industrial toxins, genetics, and lifestyle are also known factors that may cause sperm DNA fragmentation and infertility. Although the factors present in the paternal genome that may have an impact on poor reproductive outcome are still not wall defined, there is accumulating evidence linking sperm nuclear DNA abnormalities to poor reproductive we come one of the most suspected organelles in the sperm nucleus. Several studies using the magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) technique with human spermatozoa have been published over the years. Interests in these studies were mainly the molecular efficiency of the technique and improving the post preparation sperm quality. Researchers have evaluated the percentage of sperm recovery following the use of MACS as a sperm preparation technique, and they concluded that the integration of MACs with density gradient centrifugation (DGC) is an effective sperm preparation technique that does not lead to significant cell loss and separating a distinctive population of non-apoptotic spermatozoa with intact Membranes might optimize the outcome of assisted reproduction. Reduction of apoptotic spermatozoa within the ejaculate using the MACs system results in a distinc reduction of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation, enrichment of spermatozoa free of apoptosis, improvement of sperm viability, motility, and mitochondrial membrane integrity.

K-40 Sperm selection using PICSI method
Narimani N,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
It has estimated that up to 50% of the infertility cases are predominantly or partly caused by male factors. About 10-20% of couples suffer from unexplained infertility, the male partner has sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) above 20%. It has been shown that increased sperm DFI may lead to decrease chance of natural pregnancy and assisted reproductive techniques success rate. In this patients, the potential underlying causes should be treated first. However, in non-responders, other strategies such as antioxidant medical treatment, sperm selection techniques and testicular sperm extraction may be useful. In this regard we want to talk about physiologic intracytoplasmic sperm injection as a probable useful sperm selection technique.

K-41 Regenerative medicine for female reproductive system
Nikukar H,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine make a bright future for the regeneration, repair, and replacement of various tissues and organs. In the reproductive system, most of the major acquired or congenital organ failures lead to a great functional problem, infertility. Everybody with infertility will have great social and family obstacles, often with psychological consequences for the couples.
Regenerating the absent organ or repairing and replacing the diseased tissue are the novel choices for the treatment of reproductive system diseases due to organ or tissue failure. By tissue engineering for female patients, that is using the triad of potent cells, scaffolds and growth factors could make an artificial uterus, tubal organs, ovary, and follicles. Selection of the best cells, scaffolds, and stimulation factors to make a functional tissue is the aim of many research programs around the world. Various types of stem cells, organic and inorganic biocompatible scaffolds, and different types of proteins, enzymes, and small molecules as stimulators have been used. Engineered tissues could apply as the in vitro research models and for clinical use to restore reproductive function.
Taken together, this medical technology prepares the introductory facilities for germ cell support and in vitro fetal growth and complete artificial uterus for ex vivo embryo growth and maturation (biobag). For all the possible instances, religious beliefs, law and reproductive health ethics should be considered.

K-42 Using embryo culture medium as a diagnostic factor
Omidi M,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
The success rate of assisted reproduction is remained low despite performing several studies around the world. Different strategies have been used for the improvement of assisted reproduction technology (ART) outcomes. More attention has been paid for omics technology in recent decades. Metabolomics is a non-invasive technique to evaluate oocyte quality, and competence, embryo viability, and endometrial receptivity. In fact, metabolomics provides sufficient data about the oocyte, embryo, and endometrium for the treatment of patients with subfertility.
Also, this method, by selecting the best embryo for transfer, can reduce the number of transferred embryos, and the risk of multiple pregnancies as well. Evaluation of oocytes based on metabolomics can replace other methods of selection with the high variability like morphology or invasive method like polar body biopsy. Amino acids turnover can predict embryo viability with high rate of implantation resulting to a live birth. Metabolomics evaluation of endometrium is also associated with the receptivity of endometrium and also for diagnosis of endometriosis. High-quality researches are needed for drawing the final conclusion about the efficacy of metabolomics on ART outcomes including live birth and miscarriage rates.

K-44 Uterine myoma and infertility
Parsanezhad Me,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Uterine myoma or fibroid is the most common benign gynecological tumors in women of reproductive age. Fibroids are hormone-dependent smooth-muscle tumors with a wide heterogeneity in composition, size, and number. Most women with fibroids are fertile; however, fibroids may affect fertility by distorting the pelvic anatomy and the intrauterine environment. The way by which myoma result in infertility remains to clearly understood. Besides anatomical distortion, the possible mechanism impairing fertility are; endometrial function alteration (increased uterine contractility and impairment of the endometrial and myometrial vascularization and blood supply, alters the local hormone balance that could affect gamete transport and/or reduce embryo implantation. Submucosal and intramural myomas with pressure effect on uterine cavity are associated with decreased pregnancy and implantation rates after ART cycles. The management method highly depends on the size, number, and location.

K-45 Organoids: A paradigm-shifting stem cell-based technology for drug discovery and development, companion diagnostics, and preclinical patient stratification
Pourfarzad F,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (5-2021)
Abstract
Hubrecht organoid technology (HUB) has developed the 3D culture system to establish and expand human and animal epithelial tissue from a variety of organs, both healthy and diseased, such as cancer. The organoid technology is based on the work of Hans Clevers that identified adult stem cells in many human tissues, including intestine, liver, pancreas, breast, and lung. Organoid cultures have the virtually unlimited expansion, genetically and phenotypically stable and retain biological and functional properties of the original tissue (Barker et al., Nature 2007; Sato et al., Nature 2009, 2011; Gastroenterology 2011; Huch et al., Nature 2013; Karthaus et al., Cell 2014; Cell 2015; Boj et al., Cell 2015).
Organoids recapitulate the original tissue response to external stimuli and provide a unique and robust in vitro model for drug development, diagnostics, and patient stratification. The HUB is collaborating with and licensing the technology to the Pharmaceutical and Biotech industry. In addition, HUB has built a comprehensive Living Biobank of well-characterized Organoids from different healthy, disease, and cancerous tissues of multiple organs. In combination with the Living Biobank and Organoid technology, HUB offers a unique platform to develop assays and provide preclinical drug discovery, toxicity, personalized medicine services.

The influence of men’s masculine gender-role attitudes and behaviours on sexual relationships and reproductive health in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study
Noraida Endut, Reyhaneh Bagheri, Azman Azwan Azmawati, Intan Hashimah Mohd Hashim, Nor Hafizah Selamat, Leila Mohajer,
Volume 19, Issue 7 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background: This article is an extension of a previous research on masculinity and sexual and reproductive health by applying a newly developed local masculinity scale, KANITA Masculinity Scale, to study men’s masculine gender-role attitudes and behaviors in Malaysia.
Objective: To explore how Malaysian men’s masculine gender-role attitudes and behaviors influence sexual relationships and reproductive health.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used the localized gender-equitable men scale to measure the attitudes of Malaysian men toward sexual relationships and reproductive health. A questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of 168 men of ages 20-64 yr, in Malaysia. Data were analyzed by using SmartPLS version 3.2.6.
Results: The findings of the study showed that men’s traditional behaviors and controlling nature are positively associated with the inequality in sexual relationships (p < 0.05, t = 1.838; and p < 0.05, t = 3.750, respectively) and reproductive health (p < 0.05, t = 2.196; and p < 0.05, t = 4.133, respectively). In other words, men who offer stronger endorsement of traditional behaviors and control over women report more negative condom attitudes and greater priority of men’s desires in sexual relationships. In contrast, there were not significant relationships between men’s responses to family and feminine roles in men with sexual relationships and reproductive health.
Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of considering traditional masculinity ideology when considering the role of men in sexual relationships and reproductive health. Our findings suggest gender transformative policies and programs seeking to inspire men for more gender-equitable relationships with their partners. 
 

The effect of sexual counseling on depression, anxiety, stress, sexual knowledge and sexual quality of life in men who have undergone invasive coronary interventions: An RCT
Seyyed Mohsen Sadatinejad, Alireza Farokhian, Mohsen Taghadosi, Seyed Gholamabbas Mosavi,
Volume 19, Issue 11 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background: Sexual dysfunctions are common in men with ischemic heart disease, especially in men undergoing therapeutic interventions.
Objective: This study intended to assess the effect of counseling on depression, anxiety, stress, sexual knowledge and sexual quality of life in men after invasive coronary interventions in the post catheterization department of Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital during 2018.
Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 54 male participants who had undergone an invasive coronary intervention. The intervention group received counseling and the control group underwent the standard ward routine. Data were collected using the depression anxiety stress scales, abraham's sexual quality of life, and the Yi-Hung Sexual Knowledge questionnaires before discharge and also two months later.
Results: Within two months, the intervention group’s mean score of sexual knowledge significantly increased, compared with the control group, from 12.37 to 14.81 (p ≤ 0.001). The intervention group’s mean score of sexual quality of life also significantly increased, compared with the control group, from 48.2 to 60.7 (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the mean anxiety score changed in the intervention group from 11.18 to 5.25, again a significant difference compared with the control group (p = 0.01). But, the differences in the depression and stress scores were not significant.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that sexual counseling may improve sexual knowledge, sexual quality of life and anxiety in men following invasive coronary intervention, but might not reduce their stress or depression. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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