Showing 39 results for Lv
Somaye Khosravi Farsani, Reza Mahmoudi, Mir Abbas Abdolvahhabi, Mehdi Abbasi, Fateme Malek, Aligholi Sobhani,
Volume 5, Issue 5 (7-2007)
Abstract
Background: Vitrification is assumed to be a promising method to cryopreserve human oocytes but still needs optimizing.
Objective: The aim of this study was to improve the single step and step-wise vitrification effects on maturing mouse GVBD oocytes by ethylene glycol (EG) in conventional straws.
Materials and Methods: Oocytes with compact cumulus cells were cultured for 3hr in TCM199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in 5% CO2 in air. GVBD oocytes were randomly allocated into three groups. (1) Control (non-vitrified group), (2) exposed to single-step vitrification (contained of EG 20%+0.5M sucrose), (3) exposed to step-wise vitrification (2%, 5%, 10%, 20%EG +0.5M sucrose). In vitrification groups,oocytes were thawed and underwent additional 21 hr maturation. Viability of oocytes and maturation to MII stage were analyzed using inverted microscope and additionally by staining of propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342.
Results: All non-vitrified oocytes were viable after 24 hr; however, viability of vitrified samples in single-step group was significantly lower than that of the step-wise and control Groups. Also, the maturation rate in the step-wise group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to single-step.
Conclusion: These results suggest that step-wise vitrification of GVBD oocytes as compared to single step vitrification was better in the rate of survival and in vitro maturation of oocytes.
Xiao-Jian Zhang, Ye-Zhou Yang, Li-Hua Min, Qun Lv, Pin Bai, Xiao-Jie Li, Mei-Xu Liao,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (7-2011)
Abstract
Background: The selection of pre-embryos for transferred is based on morphological appearance. But some poor quality cleaved embryos also can be cultured to the blastocyst stage and implanted.
Objective: To assess the clinical pregnancy outcomes of blastocyst transfer which developed from poor quality embryos.
Materials and Methods: A total of 109 cleaved embryos with poor quality were cultured to day 5/day 6 and 27 (24.8%) blastocysts were collected from the 15 cycles/patients undergoing conventional IVF. All the blastocysts were cooling with fast-freezing. Then the blastocysts were warmed for transfer. Results: All of 25 vitrified blastocysts (92.6%) survived after warming and were transferred to 15 patients. Five of the women became pregnant.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that vitrified human day 5/day 6 blastocyst transfer which develop from poor quality embryo at day 3 can contribute to increasing cumulative pregnancy rates in assisted reproduction.
Mohammad Baqer Minaei, Mohammad Barbarestani, Saeid Nekoonam, Mir Abbas Abdolvahabi, Nasrin Takzare, Mohammad Hossein Asadi, Azim Hedayatpour, Fardin Amidi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (7-2012)
Abstract
Background: Sperm parameters and motion kinetics are affected by cryopreservation.
Objective: The main purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of Trolox as an antioxidant to freezing-thawing procedure on human sperm kinematic parameter.
Materials and Methods: Semen was collected from 20 normal donors and divided into five aliquots prior to cryopreservation. The first aliquot was analyzed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Other aliquots were mixed with cryo-protective agent containing 0, 20, 40, and 80 µmol Trolox and treated samples were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. After two weeks samples were thawed and sperm motion kinematics was measured by CASA. Percent motility (Mot), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), linearity (LIN), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) were compared before and after freeze.
Results: Addition of 40µmol Trolox resulted in significantly higher (p<0.05) post thaw VCL, VSL and VAP compared to other groups. Therefore the percentage of post thaw motile spermatozoa were significantly higher (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The supplementation of Trolox significantly improved the post-thawed human semen quality, especially progressive motility and average path velocity.
Sayyed Mohsen Miresmaeili, Iman Halvaei, Farzaneh Fesahat, Asghar Fallah, Narges Nikonahad, Mohaddeseh Taherinejad,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background: Nanoparticles have wide range of application while there are some reports regarding their probable effects on male reproductive system and spermatozoa.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (70nm) on acrosome of rat spermatozoa and number of spermatogenic cells.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, in experimental group, 32 male wistar rats (8 rats/group) received oral feeding AgNPs every 12 hr in one spermatogenesis period (48 days) by means of gavages in 25, 50 , 100 and 200 mg/kg concentration (experimental groups 1-4, respectively). The control group (8 rats) was treated on schedule with distilled water. Spermatozoa were stained by triple staining protocol for acrosome reaction. Histological evaluation on testis sections was performed using tissue processing and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining.
Results: There was significant difference between the control group and the experimental group 1 for acrosome reaction (11.00±0.00 and 24.25±3.68, respectively, p=0.01). There was only significant reduction in spermatogonia cells in experimental group 4. Experimental groups 2, 3 and 4 showed a significant reduction in the number of primary spermatocytes and spermatids as well as spermatozoa. But there were no significant differences between different groups for Sertoli cell number and seminiferous tubule diameter.
Conclusion: It seems that Ag NPs have acute and significant effects on spermatogenesis and number of spermatogenic cells and also on acrosome reaction in sperm cells. More experimental investigations are necessary to elucidate better conclusion regarding the safety of nanoparticles on male reproduction system.
Madhuri Walvekar, Nilofar Shaikh, Priti Sarvalkar,
Volume 11, Issue 9 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background: Glycowithanolides (Withaferin A), is one of the main withanolides active principle isolated from plant Withania somnifera and is claimed that it possess the aphrodisiac, sedative, rejuvenate and life prolonging properties.
Objective: In the present investigation, antioxidant activity of active principles of Withania somnifera was tested against D-galactose induced oxidative stress in mouse testes, epididymis and seminal vesicle.
Materials and Methods: For the present investigation Swiss male albino mice Mus musculus (Linn) were used. They were grouped in to control (I), D-galactose treated (II), protective (III) and curative groups (IV). Oxidative stress was induced in six month old mice by injecting a low dose of D-galactose. Antioxidant effect of plant extract was studied in testes, epididymis, and seminal vesicle of oxidative stressed mice on Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and fluorescence product.
Results: In the present study, both total as well as mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and fluorescence product in testes, epididymis and seminal vesicle were increased in D-galactose induced mice. After the treatment of glycowithanolides there was significantly decrease in total as well as mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and fluorescence product in protective and curative groups.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that Withania somnifera has a capability of preventing oxidative stress and also combating stress induced infertility.
Ali Nabi, Mohammad Ali Khalili, Iman Halvaei, Jalal Ghasemzadeh, Ehsan Zare,
Volume 11, Issue 11 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background: It is estimated that about 50% of causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cases remain unknown. Sperm factors are suggested to have probable role in cases with RPL.
Objective: The goal was to determine the possible relationship between semen bacterial contaminations with unexplained RPL. Also, the correlation between number of bacterial colony and sperm chromatin condensation was examined.
Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 30 fertile men (group A) and 30 infertile (group B) patients with unknown RPL. Semen collection and analysis were done according to WHO manuals. Sperm count and motility were evaluated by Makler chamber. Eosin-Nigrosin and Papanicolaou staining methods were applied for viability and morphology assessment, respectively. The semen samples from both groups were cultured for aerobic bacteria. Aniline blue (AB) and toluidine blue (TB) staining methods were applied for evaluating sperm chromatin condensation.
Results: The numbers of colonies were significantly higher in group B when compared to group A. Also, S. aureus and E. coli showed significant differences between two groups. Both AB+ and TB+ sperm cells showed significant increase in group B compared to group A. There was a significant negative correlation between colony number and progressive motility (p=0.01), sperm viability (p=0.007). In addition, positive correlations were found between colony number and AB (p=0.001) and TB (p=0.004) as well.
Conclusion: Bacterial contaminations in semen of men from RPL couples had significantly higher levels when compared to fertile controls. Presence of microorganisms in semen may be correlated with irregular sperm parameters and quality.
Mohammad Hossein Razi, Iman Halvaei, Yasamin Razi,
Volume 11, Issue 12 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background: Routine use of assisted hatching (AH) following ICSI is a controversial issue in the literature. There are rare studies regarding the effect of laser assisted hatching (LAH) on live birth rate.
Objective: Our main goal was to evaluate the effect of LAH on delivery rate as well as congenital anomaly in patients undergoing their first ICSI cycle.
Materials and Methods: A total of 182 patients subjected to ICSI were randomly aliquot into two groups of experiment and control. In experiment group, the embryos were subjected to LAH to open a hole in ZP (about 10-12 μm) while in control group, the transferred embryos were intact with no AH. The patients were followed for clinical pregnancy and delivery rate as well as congenital anomaly. All the patients were infertile due to male factor infertility and LAH and embryo transfer were done on day 2.
Results: Laboratory and clinical characteristics of two groups of experiment and control were the same. There were insignificant differences between two groups of experiment and control for clinical pregnancy rate (20% vs. 23.9%, respectively, p=0.3) and live birth rate (11.11% vs. 8.6%, respectively, p=0.6). Also no significant differences were observed between two groups of experiment and control for multiple pregnancy as well as congenital anomaly.
Conclusion: Routine use of LAH in first ICSI cycle for male factor patients may have no beneficial effects on clinical pregnancy and live birth rate.
Hamed Fanaei, Samira Khayat, Iman Halvaei, Vahid Ramezani, Yaser Azizi, Amir Kasaeian, Jalal Mardaneh, Mohammad Reza Parvizi, Maryam Akrami,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (2-2014)
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress in teratozoospermic semen samples caused poor assisted reproductive techniques (ART) outcomes. Among antioxidants, ascorbic acid is a naturally occurring free radical scavenger and as such its presence assists various other mechanisms in decreasing numerous disruptive free radical processes.
Objective: The main goal of this study was to evaluate potential protective effects of ascorbic acid supplementation during in vitro culture of teratozoospermic specimens.
Materials and Methods: Teratozoospermic semen samples that collected from 15 volunteers were processed, centrifuged and incubated at 37PoPC until sperm swimmed-up. Supernatant was divided into four groups and incubated at 37PoPC for one hour under different experimental conditions: Control, 10 μm A23187, 600μm ascorbic acid and 10 μm A23187+600 μm ascorbic acid. After incubation sperm motility, viability, acrosome reaction, DNA damage and malondialdehyde levels were evaluated.
Results: Our results indicated that after one hour incubation, ascorbic acid significantly reduced malondialdehyde level in ascorbic acid group (1.4±0.11 nmol/ml) compared to control group (1.58±0.13 nmol/ml) (p<0.001). At the end of incubation, progressive motility and viability in ascorbic acid group (64.5±8.8% and 80.3±6.4%, respectively) were significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) higher than the control group (54.5±6.8% and 70.9±7.3%, respectively). A23187 significantly (p<0.0001) increased acrosome reaction in A23187 group (37.3±5.6%) compared to control group (8.5±3.2%) and this effect of A23187 attenuated by ascorbic acid in ascorbic acid+A23187 group (17.2±4.4%). DNA fragmentation in ascorbic acid group (20±4.1%) was significantly (p<0.001) lower than controls (28.9±4.6%).
Conclusion: In vitro ascorbic acid supplementation during teratozoospermic semen processing for ART could protect teratozoospermic specimens against oxidative stress, and it could improve ART outcome.
Julio Elito Júnior, Leandro Gustavo Oliveira, Marcelo Octávio Fernandes Silva, Edward Araujo Júnior, Luiz Camano,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (4-2014)
Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the most important cause of maternal death in the first trimester accounting for 9 - 13% of all pregnancy-related deaths (1). Despite the use of transvaginal sonography and high sensitive quantitative beta-hCG assays for diagnosis, nearly 40-50% of all EPs may be initially misdiagnosed (2). Therefore, several biomarkers have been investigated for early diagnosis of EP. Activin A, a dimeric glycoprotein belonging to the TGF-β superfamily, has been highlighted among these “new biomarkers” (3). Florio et al reported that serum activin A levels can be markedly lower in women with tubal EP than those levels found either during normal intrauterine pregnancy or spontaneous miscarriage (4). The authors showed that a cut-off value of 0.37 ng/mL have 100% and 99.6% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively for predicting EP. Conversely, Kirk et al demonstrated in another elegant study that activin A has much lower sensitivity and specificity when used as a single biomarker for the diagnosis of EP (5). Bearing on these considerations, it is clear that this subject still needs to be carefully evaluated and it prompted us to develop this project where we compared serum activin A levels in women at first trimester of normal pregnancy to women with tubal EP. The study group was comprised of 5 women with EP. The diagnosis criteria was based on visualization of an adnexial mass by transvaginal scan associated with positive test for β-hCG in women with a suspected EP (amenorrhea, bleeding and pain). For this study were included only those cases in which the gestational age was established between 5-6 weeks gestational age. In all patients the mass was confirmed to be a tubal EP without signs of rupture by pathologist analysis. The control group was comprised of 10 women with normal intrauterine pregnancy at 5-6 weeks gestational age confirmed by transvaginal scan (evaluated by gestational sac measurements and/or crown-rump length). This work has been approved by the Ethics Committee of The Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP). Informed consent was obtained from all participants before the blood samples were collected. All blood samples of patients with EP were collected before surgery by peripheral venous puncture and immediately centrifuged at 1000g for 10 minutes; the supernants were stored at -80oC until processing. For the determination of serum activin A levels a commercially available assay for ELISA was used (activin A- Catalog number: Dy338; R&D systems, Inc. Minneapolis, USA). All activin A measurements and analysis were performed in duplicate at the same time. The limit of detection of the kit was less than 0.133 ng/mL. Data were presented as mean and standard deviation. The statistical analysis was performed using Prism software (version 4.02, Graph Pad Software Inc., San Diego, CA). The two groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and results were considered significant when p<0.05. The mean gestational age was 5.2±0.14 for the EP group and 5.2±0.19 for the normal intrauterine pregnancy group. The mean of activin A serum levels was 0.26±0.714 ng/mL and 0.37±161.4 ng/mL for women with EP and for women with normal pregnancy, respectively (p=0.206). The Figure 1 depicts all cases studied.
Zahra Pourmovahed, Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani, Mohammad Ali Khalili, Iman Halvaei, Ali Nabi, Mojdeh Ghasemi, Farzaneh Fesahat,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background: Regarding the close and continuous interaction of infertility staff with hopeless infertile couples and in the contrary the atmosphere of happiness especially in obstetric wards make a sense that considering anxiety and depression it would be a difference between these two wards.
Objective: The objective of this study is the comparison of the rate of depression and anxiety between the two wards of infertility and obstetrics and gynecology.
Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlation study based on cross-sectional method. 199 individuals who were the staff of infertility and obstetrics and gynecology wards in four provinces enrolled in this study through stratified sampling. Data collection was done by demographic questionnaire, Spiel Berger and Beck depression inventory tests. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using ANOVA test.
Results: The result showed the rate of anxiety in obstetrics and gynecology staff of Isfahan center (54.69±13.58) and depression rate had increased level in infertility staff of Shiraz center (14.94±10.87). Overall, there was significant correlation between anxiety, depression and work place (p=0.047, 0.008 respectively). According to ANOVA test, the mean value of anxiety level was higher in the staff of four obstetrics and gynecology centers and one infertility center
Conclusion: As long as we know that infertile couples have little chance for success rate and obstetrics and gynecology wards patients have little risk of failure in treatment, it could be mentioned that the anxiety and depression in the staff are not correlated with the client illness.
Arezoo Khoradmehr, Amirhossein Danafar, Iman Halvaei, Jalal Golzadeh, Mahya Hosseini, Tahereh Mirjalili, Morteza Anvari,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: Methamphetamine (MA) is one of most common illicit drugs which were reported that nearly half of MA consumers are women. MA can cross through placenta and affects pregnancy and fetus development.
Objective: Our aim was to evaluate effects of injected MA on crown-rump length, head and placental circumference, body weight, histological changes and apoptosis in fetus.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four NMRI pregnant mice were randomly divided into five groups. First, second and third groups were injected intraperitoneally 10 mg/kg/day MA during gestational days (GD): GD1-7, GD8-14, and GD1-14, respectively. Forth group, as sham, was injected saline from GD1-14, and finally control which was received neither MA nor saline. On GD15 cervical dislocated pregnant mice, fetus and placenta were weighed and fetus crown-rump length was measured. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and TUNEL assay were applied to assess histological changes and apoptosis respectively.
Results: Fetus body weight and crown-rump length showed significant decrease in third compared to first and second groups (p≤0.001). There were significant differences in head circumference in control and sham compared to third group (0.5 (0.5-0.6), 0.6 (0.5-0.8), 0.4 (0.4-0.5) cm respectively, p≤0.001). Also fetus that treated with MA showed lower placenta circumference compared to control and sham groups. Histological changes such as exencephaly, hemorrhage and immature fetus were observed in second and third groups. Apoptotic cells in second and third groups were higher than controls, but differences were not significant.
Conclusion: It seems MA abuse during pregnancy can cause morphological and histological changes in mice fetus but the exact mechanism remains unclear.
Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Seyed Abdolvahab Taghavi, Ali Montazeri, Fazlollah Ahmadi, Reza Chaman, Ahmad Khosravi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (2-2015)
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been shown to cause a reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, the relative degree of impairment in each domain differed among samples, and it was not clear which aspect of disease-specific HRQOL (modified polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality of life questionnaire) was most negatively affected.
Objective: To systematically review the effects of PCOS on specific domains of HRQOL.
Materials and Methods: Literature search using search engine of database (PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Scopus) between 1998 to December 2013 yields 6 relevant publications. Pairs of raters used structural tools to analyze these articles, through critical appraisal and data extraction. The scores of each domain of polycystic ovarian syndrome questionnaire (PCOSQ) or modified version (MPCOSQ) of 1140 women with PCOS were used in meta-analysis.
Results: The combine mean of emotional (4.40; 95% CI 3.77-5.04), infertility (4.13; 95% CI 3.81-4.45) and weight (3.88; 95% CI 2.33-5.42) dimensions were better, but menstruation (3.84; 95% CI 3.63-4.04) and hirsutism (3.81; 95% CI 3.26-4.35) domains were lower than the mean score of PCOSQ/MPCOSQ in related dimension.
Conclusion: The meta-analysis showed that the most affected domains in specific HRQOL were hirsutism and menstruation. Based on these findings, we recommend healthcare providers to be made aware that HRQOL impairment of PCOS is mainly caused by their hirsutism and menstruation, which requires appropriate management.
Marcelo Borges Cavalcante, Fabrício da Silva Costa, Ricardo Barini, Edward Araujo Júnior,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (5-2015)
Abstract
Background: Recently, the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been proposed to improve pregnancy outcomes in reproductive medicine.
Objective: A systematic review of the current use of G-CSF in patients who have difficulty conceiving and maintaining pregnancy was performed.
Materials and Methods: Two electronic databases (PubMed/ Medline and Scopus) were searched. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed in duplicate. The subject codes used were granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF, recurrent miscarriage, IVF failure, and endometrium.
Results: The search of electronic databases resulted in 215 citations (PubMed/ Medline: 139 and Scopus: 76), of which 38 were present in both databases. Of the remaining 177 publications, seven studies were included in the present review.
Conclusion: Treatment with G-CSF is a novel proposal for immune therapy in patients with recurrent miscarriage and implantation failure following cycles of IVF. However, a larger number of well-designed studies are required for this treatment to be established.
Jalal Ghasemzadeh, Ali Reza Talebi, Mohammad Ali Khalili, Farzaneh Fesahat, Iman Halvaei, Ali Nabi, Sareh Ashourzadeh,
Volume 13, Issue 8 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background: Globozoospermia is a severe form of teratozoospermia (incidence < 0.1%) in infertile men that is characterized by round headed sperm and acrosomeless in semen.
Objective: To compare the semen parameters, protamine deficiency, and apoptosis in ejaculated spermatozoa between globozoospermic and normozoospermic men.
Materials and Methods: Thirty six semen samples were divided into two groups including 15 infertile men with total globozoospermic (> 90% round-headed sperm) and 21 healthy donors with normal spermograms as controls. Semen analysis was performed according to World Health Organization criteria (2010). Sperm protamine deficiency was assessed using Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining and the rate of apoptotic spermatozoa was evaluated with TUNEL assay.
Results: Sperm concentration, motility, and normal morphology in globozoospermic men were significantly decreased compared with controls (p<0.05). The rate of CMA3-reacted spermatozoa (CMA3+) in globozoospermic men was higher than controls (65.93 ± 11.77 vs. 21.24 ± 7.37, respectively, p<0.0001). The rate of apoptotic spermatozoa (TUNEL positive) were significantly increased in globozoospermic cases with respect to the controls (17.60 ± 10.72 and 5.95 ± 3.02, respectively, p<0.0001). There was no significant correlation between sperm protamine deficiency and apoptosis in globozoospermic men.
Conclusion: Globozoospermic samples contain a higher proportion of spermatozoa with abnormal chromatin packaging and DNA fragmentation than normozoospermic samples. Therefore, in addition to absence of acrosome in the spermatozoa of globozoospermic patients, the high percentage of spermatozoa with immature chromatin and apoptotic marker may be considered as the other etiologies of infertility in these patients.
Seyed Abdolvahab Taghavi, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Ali Montazeri, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad, Reza Chaman, Ahmad Khosravi,
Volume 13, Issue 8 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background: Increasing attention to the concept of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) health-related quality of life has led to the development of tool that aims to measure this concept.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of psychometric properties of the PCOS health-related quality of life questionnaire.
Materials and Methods: A search of database (Pubmed, PsychInfo, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Scopus and SID) from January1998 to December 2013 yielded 6152 references of which 27 papers remained after review of the titles and abstracts. The reviewers used structural tools to analyze the articles, critically appraise papers, and extract the data. Finally, eight papers met the full inclusion criteria.
Results: Studies suggested that the PCOS health-related quality of life questionnaire (PCOSQ)/or its modified version (MPCOSQ) have partial known groups validity. The convergent/divergent validity of the questionnaire also was found to be relatively acceptable. The PCOSQ/MPCOSQ reached acceptable benchmarks for its reliability coefficients. Regarding structural validity, some studies suggested that the PCOSQ/MPCOSQ have an extra dimension (related to menstruation) in addition to its existing dimensions for original or modified versions.
Conclusion: The PCOSQ/MPCOSQ showed acceptable content and construct validity, reliability and internal consistency. However, some other properties, particularly those related to factor and longitudinal validity, absolute error of measurement, minimal clinically important difference and responsiveness still need to be evaluated.
Mohammad Hossein Jarahzadeh, Iman Halvaei, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar, Shekoufeh Behdad, Rouhollah Abbasizadeh Nasrabady, Elahe Yasaei,
Volume 14, Issue 12 (12-2016)
Abstract
Background: There are two methods for ventilation in gynecological laparoscopy: volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV).
Objective: To compare the lung mechanics, hemodynamic response and arterial blood gas analysis and gas exchange of two modes of VCV and PCV using laryngeal mask airway (LMA) at different time intervals.
Materials and Methods: Sixty infertile women referred for diagnostic laparoscopy, based on ventilation mode, were randomly divided into two groups of VCV (tidal volume: 10 ml/kg) and PCV. In the PCV group, ventilation was initiated with a peak airway pressure (tidal volume: 10 ml/kg, upper limit: 35 cm H2O). In both groups, the arterial blood samples were taken in several time intervals (5, 10 and 15 min after LMA insertion) for blood gas evaluation. Also the lung mechanics parameters were continuously monitored and were recorded at different time intervals.
Results: There were no significant differences for patient’s age, weight, height and BMI in two groups. The peak and plateau airway pressure were significantly higher in VCV group compared to PCV group 5 and 10 min after insertion of LMA. PaO2 was significantly higher after 10 and 15 min in VCV group compared to PCV group (p=0.005 and p=0.03, respectively). PaCO2 showed significant increase after 5 min in PCV group, but the differences were not significant after 10 and 15 min in two groups. The end tidal CO2 showed significant increase after 10 and 15 min in VCV compared to PCV group.
Conclusion: Both VCV and PCV seem to be suitable for gynecological laparoscopy. However, airway pressures are significantly lower in PCV compared to VCV.
Seyed Mojtaba Sohrevardi, Fahime Nosouhi, Saeed Hossein Khalilzade, Parichehr Kafaie, Mojgan Karimi-Zarchi, Iman Halvaei, Mehdi Mohsenzadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 12 (12-2016)
Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may play a role in pathogenesis of PCOS. One of the common therapeutic methods is using insulin-sensitizing drugs such as metformin and thiazolidinediones.
Objective: The purpose was to determine the effect of metformin and pioglitazone on clinical, hormonal and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS.
Materials and Methods: Eighty four women randomly received one of the following for 3 months: metformin (n=28) (500 mg three times a day), pioglitazone (30 mg daily) (n=28) and combination of both metformin and pioglitazone (n=28) (30 mg/day pioglitazone plus 500 mg metformin three times a day). Hormonal profile, fasting serum insulin, body weight, body mass index, menstrual status and waist to hip ratio were evaluated before and after treatment.
Results: Metformin and pioglitazone and combination therapy induced favorable changes in fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR index, QUICKI, fasting glucose to insulin ratio in women with PCOS. Body weight, BMI, and waist to hip ratio increased significantly after treatment with pioglitazone but the data were similar after administration of metformin or combination therapy. Total testosterone level decreased significantly only after treatment with metformin. After 3 months in patients who received pioglitazone or combination therapy, menstrual cycles became regular in 71.4% and 73.9% respectively. While menstrual improvement happened only in 36.4% of the patients treated with metformin.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that insulin-sensitizing drugs induce beneficial effect in insulin resistance and menstrual cyclicity but only metformin ameliorated hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS. Treatment with combination of metformin and pioglitazone did not show more benefit than monotherapy with each drug alone.Keywords:
Mojdeh Sabour, Arezoo Khoradmehr, Seyyed Mehdi Kalantar, Amir Hossein Danafar, Marjan Omidi, Iman Halvaei, Ali Nabi, Saeed Ghasemi- Esmailabad, Ali Reza Talebi,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background: Methamphetamine (MA) was shown to have harmful effects on malereproductive system.
Objective: To investigate probable effects of daily administration of MA on spermparameters and chromatin/DNA integrity in mouse.
Material and Methods: Thirty-five NMRI male mice were divided into five groupsincluding low, medium, and high dosage groups which were injectedintraperitoneally with 4, 8 and 15 mg/kg/day for 35 days, respectively. Normalsaline was injected in sham group and no medications were used in control group.Then, the mice were killed and caudal epididymis of each animal was cut and placedin Ham’s F10 medium for sperm retrieval. To evaluate sperm chromatinabnormalities, the aniline blue, toluidine blue and chromomycine A3 were used. Forsperm DNA integrity and apoptosis, the acridine orange, sperm chromatindispersion, and TUNEL assay were applied. For sperm morphology, Papanicolaoustaining was done
Results: Normal morphology and progressive motility of spermatozoa decreased inmedium and high dosage groups in comparison with the control group (p=0.035).There was a significant increase in rate of aniline blue, toluidine blue, andchromomycine A3 positive spermatozoa in high dosage group. In a similar manner,there was an increase in rates of acridine orange, TUNEL and sperm chromatindispersion positive sperm cells in high dosage group with respect to others.
Conclusion: MA abuse in a dose-dependent manner could have detrimental effectson male reproductive indices including sperm parameters and spermchromatin/DNA integrity in mice
Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Seyed Abdolvahab Taghavi, Helen Allan, Nazafarin Hosseini,
Volume 15, Issue 9 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background: Adherence issues in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have not been examined thoroughly. Patients report prolonged periods of treatment and side effects of the drug as the most common reason for withdrawal from treatment. To improve the effective management of PCOS patients, it is fundamental to understand facilitating and inhibiting factors to treatment adherence.
Objective: To explore facilitating/inhibiting factors related to treatment adherence among PCOS patients.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative study with a purposive sample of women with confirmed diagnosis of PCOS. The data were collected via 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews with women aged between 21-34 yr. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results: Five themes were identified which described different types of facilitating/ inhibiting factors to treatment adherence. Inhibiting factors included financial issues, patient-related, disease-related, and health care provider-related factors; while social factors were found to be both facilitating and inhibiting.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that successful adherence to PCOS treatment is highly dependent on patients recognizing and adapting to financial, social, and health care related inhibiting factors. It is also crucial for clinicians and policy makers to recognize these key inhibiting factors in order to improve treatment outcomes.
Seyedeh-Fatemeh Hekmatzadeh, Fatemeh Bazarganipour, Nazafarin Hosseini, Helen Allan, Somayeh Jalali, Zahra Abbasian, Akram Barani, Fereshteh Balochi, Saeideh Khademi, Tahereh Mahmoudi, Roghayeh Niknam, Zahra Khashavi, Seyed Abdolvahab Taghavi,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (March 2018)
Abstract
Background: Clinical measurement of quality of life (QoL) for assessing reproductive problems should be considered as a standard investigation at the initial and continuing medical consultations with infertile people.
Objective: The purpose of this study was comprehensive testing the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of fertility quality of life (FertiQoL).
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on300 women referred to infertility clinic. After linguistic validation, a semi-structured interview was conducted to assess face validity. Consequently exploratory factor analysis was performed to indicate the scale constructs. Discriminate validity was assessed using the known groups comparison. Convergent validity was evaluated by assessing the correlation between similar content on the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF12), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and FertiQol. In addition, reliability analysis was carried out with internal consistency.
Results: The reliability of the Iranian version of the FertiQoL was satisfactory in all dimensions (0.77-0.83). Six factors (emotional, mind/body, relational, social, environmental, and tolerability) were extracted from the results of exploratory factor analysis. Discrimination validity showed that FertiQoL can differentiate between female patients with differing duration of infertility and number of children. Moreover, the results of convergent validity showed a favorable correlation between the related dimensions of SF12 (0.43-0.68), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (0.47-0.52) and FertiQoL.
Conclusion: The Iranian version of FertiQoL is valid and reliable for assessing infertility problems and the effects of treatment on QoL of infertile patients referred for diagnosis and treatment at infertility clinic.
