en بررسی سمیت باروری نانو و میکرو ذره Mno2 بر موش صحرایی نر Original Article Original Article <strong><span style="font-family:b mitramso-ascii-font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مقدمه: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اکسید منگنز مدت&shy;ها است که دارای کاربرد صنعتی است و امروزه مصرف فرم نانو آن رو به افزایش است.</span></span><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><br> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هدف: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هدف از این مطالعه به بررسی اثرات نانوذرات </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">MnO₂</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> بر روند اسپرماتوژنز در موش صحرایی نر می&shy;باشد.</span></span><br> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موارد و روش&shy;ها:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> نانو و میکروذرات </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">MnO₂</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بصورت زیر جلدی (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&micro;g/kg</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> ۱۰۰) هر هفته یکبار به موش نر نژاد ویستار (20</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&plusmn;</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">150 گرم) یک بار در هفته برای یک دوره 4 هفته به صورت زیر جلدی تزریق شد. اثر تجویز این ذرات بر تغییرات وزن بدن و بافت&shy;های بیضه، اپیدیدم، پروستات و سطح تستوسترون، استروژن و </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">FSH</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سرم خون و تعداد اسپرم</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها و اسپرماتوگونی و اسپرماتوسیت در هر لوله اسپرم ساز و قطر لوله&shy;های اسپرم&shy;ساز و نیز درصد تحرک اسپرم&shy;ها بعنوان ملاک&shy;های اسپرماتوژنز اندازه&shy;گیری و با گروه کنترل و حامل مقایسه گردید.</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><br> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نتایج: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تزریق مزمن نانوذرات </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">MnO₂</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">باعث کاهش معنی</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دار در تعداد اسپرم، تعداد اسپرماتوگونی و اسپرماتوسیت، قطر لوله&shy;های اسپرم&shy;ساز و تحرک اسپرم&shy;ها&nbsp; &nbsp;می&shy;باشد (001/0</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">p<</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">). اما تفاوت قابل توجهی با توجه به وزن پروستات، اپیدیدیم، بیضه سمت چپ، هورمون استرادیول (8/0</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">p=</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و هورمون تستوسترون (2/0</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">p=</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) وجود ندارد.</span></span><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></strong><br> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نتیجه&shy; گیری: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به نظر می&shy;رسد که اثرات اکسیداتیو بالا هر دو ذره دلیل اصلی اختلال در عملکرد بیضه بود. در نتیجه ممکن است که این ذرات یک سمیت بالقوه در موش&shy;های صحرایی نر بالغ داشته باشند که مطالعات بیشتری برای بررسی مکانیسم بر اختلال اسپرماتوژنز نیاز است.</span></span><br> &nbsp; <strong>Background:</strong> Manganese Dioxide (MnO2) has long been used in industry, and its application has recently been increasing in the form of nanoparticle.<br> Objective: The present study was an attempt to assess the effects of MnO2 nanoparticles on spermatogenesis in male rats.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Micro- and nanoparticles of MnO2 were injected (100 mg/kg) subcutaneously to male Wistar rats (150 &plusmn; 20 gr) once a week for a period of 4 weeks, and the vehicle group received only normal saline (each group included 8 rats). The effect of these particles on the bodyweight, number of sperms, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, diameter of seminiferous tubes, testosterone, estrogen, follicle stimulating factor, and the motility of sperms were evaluated and then compared among the control and vehicle groups as the criteria for spermatogenesis.<br> <strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that a chronic injection of MnO2 nanoparticles caused a significant decrease in the number of sperms, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, diameter of seminiferous tubes (p < 0.001) and in the motility of sperms. However, no significant difference was observed in the weight of prostate, epididymis, left testicle, estradiol (p = 0.8) and testosterone hormone (p = 0.2).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It seems that the high oxidative power of both particles was the main reason for the disturbances in the function of the testis. It is also concluded that these particles may have a potential reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. Further studies are thus needed to determine its mechanism of action upon spermatogenesis. نانوذرات MnO2, سمیت, باروری, مطالعه استریولوژی. MnO2, Nanoparticle, Toxicity, Reproductive, Stereological study. 361 370 http://ijrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-633&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Narges Yousefalizadegan 0000-0001-5093-7641 No Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (IAUPS). 2Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Zahra Mousavi No Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (IAUPS). Tayebeh Rastegar No Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Yasaman Razavi 0000-0001-8632-9875 No Cellular Molecular Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvaneh Najafizadeh Najafizadeh.p@iums.ac.ir 0000-0001-8103-2167 Yes Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran