International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine
International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine
IJRM
Medical Sciences
http://ijrm.ir
1
admin
2476-4108
2476-3772
10.29252/ijrm
en
jalali
1401
11
1
gregorian
2023
2
1
21
2
online
1
fulltext
en
اثرات مواجهه درون رحمی با متامفتامین بر تولید مثل در موش های صحرایی نر: یک مطالعه تجربی
Reproductive status of male rat offspring following exposure to methamphetamine during intrauterine life: An experimental study
Fertility & Infertility
Original Article
Original Article
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">مقدمه: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">مصرف مخدر شیشه (مت</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">آمفتامین) در دوران بارداری با پیامدهای نامطلوب مادر و جنین همراه است. مت</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">آمفتامین باعث آسیب دستگاه تولید­مثل در بزرگسالان می­شود. اما اثرات درون رحمی آن روی فرزندان نسل بعد مطالعه نشده است.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">هدف: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">بررسی اثرات مواجهه درون رحمی مت</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">آمفتامین بر سیستم تولید­مثل.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">مواد و روش ­ها: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">15 سر موش صحرایی باردار ویستار به سه گروه (سالین، 5 و 10 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم) تقسیم شدند و از روز دهم تا پایان بارداری روزانه به صورت داخل صفاقی سالین یا مت</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">آمفتامین دریافت کردند. بعد از رشد فرزندان نر، بیضه آنها خارج شد. نمونههای اسپرم برای بررسی غلظت، مورفولوژی و تحرک تهیه شد. برای شناسایی آپوپتوز سلولی از روش</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">TUNEL</span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""> استفاده شد. سطح پروتئین </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"> Bcl-2</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">و پروتئین </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">BAX</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""> با روش وسترن بلات اندازه­گیری شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">نتایج: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">مت</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">آمفتامین به طور معنیداری غلظت اسپرم (گروه 5 میلی</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">گرم مقابل گروه سالین: 001/0 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">= </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">، 10 میلی</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">گرم مقابل سالین: 001/0 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">)، اسپرم با مورفولوژی طبیعی (10 میلی</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">گرم مقابل سالین: 001/0 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">= </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">) و تحرک اسپرم (گروه 5 میلی</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">گرم مقابل گروه سالین: 004/0 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">= </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">، 10 میلی</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">گرم مقابل سالین: 001/0 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">، 5 میلی</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">گرم مقابل 10 میلی</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">گرم: 011/0 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">= </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">) را به صورت وابسته به دوز کاهش داد. با افزایش دوز مصرفی مت</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">آمفتامین مرگ و میر در سلول­های بیضه با تکنیک </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">TUNEL</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">نشان داده شد. علاوه بر این، میزان بیان پروتیین </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">BAX</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">افزایش و میزان بیان پروتیین </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">Bcl-2</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""> در موشهای مواجه شده با مت در رحم نسبت به گروه کنترل کاهش یافت.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">نتیجه ­گیری:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">مطالعه حاضر نشان می­دهد که مواجهه مزمن داخل رحمی مت</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif"">­</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra"">آمفتامین می­تواند باعث آپوپتوز لوله­های اسپرم­ساز و کاهش کیفیت اسپرم در موش­های صحرایی بالغ شود. همچنین نشان داده شد که مسیرهای آپوپتوز اینترنسیک در این پروسه دخیل هستند. مطالعات بیشتری برای شناسایی کامل مسیر مولکولی این نتایج مورد نیاز است.</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><a name="_Hlk101467959"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Background: </span></b></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Methamphetamine abuse during pregnancy is associated with maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. Methamphetamine induces reproductive damage in adults; however, its effect has not been studied during pregnancy.</span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Objective: </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">To investigate the effects of methamphetamine exposure during pregnancy on the reproductive system.</span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Materials and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">15 pregnant Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 5/group), and received daily intraperitoneal injections of saline or methamphetamine (5, and 10 mg/kg) from day 10 until the end of pregnancy. One adult male offspring was selected from each dam. Subjects were euthanized, and their testis was removed. Sperm samples from <span style="background:white">cauda epididymis were analyzed for sperm concentration, morphology, and motility. <a name="_Hlk98530470">Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay </a>was used to detect apoptotic cells.</span> Levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X-protein were measured using Western blot.</span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Results: </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Methamphetamine significantly decreased sperm concentration (5 mg vs. saline: p = 0.001, 10 mg vs. saline: p < 0.001), normal sperm morphology (saline vs. 10 mg: p = 0.001), and motility (p: saline vs. 5 mg = 0.004, 5 mg vs. 10 mg = 0.011, saline vs. 10 mg < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. There was a significantly higher number of <span style="background:white">terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling </span>-positive cells and higher exposure. Moreover, Bcl-2 associated X-protein was increased, and Bcl-2 was decreased in these rats.</span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">The present study shows that chronic methamphetamine exposure during intrauterine period can induce apoptosis of seminiferous tubules and decrease sperm quality in adult rats. Moreover, we showed that the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is involved in this process. Further studies are required to identify the complete molecular pathway of these results.</span></span></span></span></div>
مت آمفتامین, بیضه, باروری, تولید مثل, آپوپتوز, مواجهه درون رحمی.
Methamphetamine, Testis, Fertility, Reproduction, Apoptosis, Intrauterine exposure.
175
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http://ijrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1989-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1
Zahra
Khoshgoftar Some Saraii
Ghazalexkhoshgoftar6939@gmail.com