en ارتباط بین فاصله آنوژنیتال به عنوان یک شاخص غیرتهاجمی در تشخیص و پیش آگهی اختلالات تولید مثل: یک مرور سیستماتیک Reproductive Epidemiology Review article Review Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">مقدمه: </span></b><span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">دو معیار متفاوت فاصله آنوژنیتال در مردان و زنان وجود دارد. فاصله آنوژنیتال به عنوان شاخصی از اختلال عملکرد آندروژن در دوران جنینی می&shy;باشد که پیامدهای نامطلوبی در بزرگسالی دارد. برخی از مطالعات ارتباط فاصله آنوژنیتال را به عنوان یک پیش&shy;بینی&shy;کننده در تشخیص و پیش&shy;آگهی بیماری&shy;ها و اختلالات معرفی کرده&shy;اند.</span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"B Mitra""></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">هدف: </span></b><span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">هدف از این مطالعه مرور منظم و گردآوری آخرین شواهد در مورد ارتباط بین فاصله آنوژنیتال به عنوان یک رویکرد جدید برای پیش&shy;آگهی و تشخیص زودهنگام بیماری&shy;ها می&shy;باشد.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"B Mitra""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">مواد و روش &shy;ها: </span></b><span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">یک بررسی سیستماتیک از طریق </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">medline</span></span> <span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">با استفاده از </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PubMed</span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Scopus</span></span> <span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">و </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">ISI</span></span> <span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">تا جولای 2021 و عبارات &quot;فاصله آنوژنیتال، شاخص آنوژنیتال، فاصله ناهنجار تناسلی و غیرشاخص تناسلی&quot; انجام شد. محدودیت زمانی در جستجوی منابع اعمال نشد.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"B Mitra""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">نتایج: </span></b><span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">با بررسی مقالات بازیابی شده، 47 مطالعه مرتبط در این مرور سیستماتیک وارد شد. پس از بررسی شواهد موجود پیامدهای متفاوتی از جمله آندومتریوز، سرطان پروستات، سندرم تخمدان پلی&shy;کیستیک، پرولاپس اندام لگنی، هیپوسپادیاس و کریپتورکیدیسم، پارامترهای باروری و مایع منی، رشد و نمو و اختلالات مربوط به تخمدان و زنان در مطالعات مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفته بود. ارتباط منفی بین فاصله آنوژنیتال و آندومتریوز و هیپوسپادیاس و ارتباط مثبت بین فاصله آنوژنیتال و سرطان پروستات، سندرم تخمدان پلی&shy;کیستیک، جنسیت جنین پسر و پارامترهای باروری وجود داشت.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"B Mitra""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">نتیجه&shy; گیری:</span></b> <span b="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">استفاده از شاخص&shy;های کمی مانند فاصله آنوژنیتال ممکن است ابزار بالینی مفیدی برای تشخیص بیماری&shy;ها باشد. اگرچه بسیاری از مطالعات ارتباط بین فاصله آنوژنیتال و بیماری&shy;ها را نشان داده&shy;اند، اما برخی از عوامل از جمله روش&shy;های مختلف اندازه&shy;گیری، ابزار اندازه&shy;گیری مختلف، سن و تعاریف مختلف فاصله آنوژنیتال می&shy;توانند در تغییرات این فاصله دخیل باشند.</span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"B Mitra""></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Background:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> There are 2 measures of anogenital distance (AGD) in men and women. AGD has been used as an indicator of fetal androgen dysfunction and an adverse outcome in adulthood. Some studies have shown the association of AGD as a predictor in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases and disorders.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Objective:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> To systematically summarize the latest evidence for presenting AGD as a new approach for prognosis and early diagnosis of diseases.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Materials and Methods: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">A systematic review of the available literature was performed using Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge up to July 2021, using search terms &quot;anogenital distance&quot; OR &quot;anogenital index&quot; OR &quot;ano genital distance&quot; OR &quot;ano genital index&quot;. Language restrictions were not imposed.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Results:</span></span></b> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">After reviewing the retrieved articles, 47 unique studies were included in this systematic review. Different outcomes, including endometriosis, prostate cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, pelvic organ prolapse, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, fertility and semen parameters, maternal and birth development, and ovarian and gynecological-related disorders, have been studied in the included evidence. A negative association was observed between AGD and endometriosis and hypospadias and a positive association between AGD and prostate cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, male fetal gender, and fertility parameters.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> Using quantitative indicators such as AGD may be a useful clinical tool for the diagnosis of diseases. Although many studies have shown an association between AGD and diseases, some factors, including different measurement methods, different measurement tools, age, and different definitions of AGD, can be involved in the variation of AGD.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">Corresponding Author:</span></span></span></span></span> <a href="https://ijrm.ir/search.php?sid=1&slc_lang=en&author=Keikha"> Mojtaba Keikha</a><br> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-0810"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">View Orcid in Profile</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">You can search for this author in <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%28mojtaba+keikha%5BAuthor%5D%29+AND+%28Kerman+University+of+Medical+Sciences%5BAffiliation%5D%29&sort=">PubMed</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LuAWX5UAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra">Google Scholar Profile</a><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> دستگاه تناسلی, پیش بینی, تشخیص زودهنگام, بهداشت باروری. Genitalia, Prognosis, Early diagnosis, Reproductive health. 599 618 http://ijrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2126-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Parisa Zamani parisa_zamani95@yahoo.com 0000-0001-6505-2598 No Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. Zeinab Hemati z.hemate@gmail.com 0000-0002-5017-2519 No Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Roya Kelishadi roya.kelishadi@gmail.com 0000-0001-7455-1495 No Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Sakineh Kolahdozan sakolahdozan@gmail.com 0000-0003-2522-154X No Clinical Research Development Unit, Bahar Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. Mostafa Dianatinasab m.dianatinasab@maastrichtuniversity.nl 0000-0002-0185-5807 No Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia. Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Mojtaba Keikha mr.mojtabakeikha@gmail.com 0000-0003-1464-0810 Yes Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.