en یک فرضیه جدید ممکن است پارتنوژنز انسانی و تراتوم تخمدان را توضیح دهد: یک مطالعه مروری Reproductive Biology Review article Review Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">پارتنوژنز (</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">) یک پدیده نادر است که در انسان رخ می</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">دهد، و درک آن ممکن است به ما کمک کند تا توضیحی برای چنین رخدادهایی ارائه دهیم. علاوه بر این، ممکن است به آشکار شدن علت تراتوم تخمدان ایدیوپاتیک (</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">OT</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">) کمک کند. برای توضیح وقوع </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">OT</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> در انسان بر اساس یک فرضیه جدید، مطالعات قبلی از طریق وب سایت</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;&nbsp;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">های علمی مرتبط و مجلات بین&shy;المللی در مورد علل و مکانیسم &shy;های</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">OT</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> در انسان جستجو شد. مقالات قبلی در مورد </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> انسان پراکنده بود و بیشتر شامل گزارش</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">های موردی بود. به نظر می</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">رسد که </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> انسان به اندازه</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ای که قبلاً گزارش شده نادر نیست، اما ممکن است به طور خود</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">به</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">خود رخ دهد و منجر به تشکیل </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">OT</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> شود. تفاوت بین </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> و تولید</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">مثل جنسی در این است که </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> تنوع جنینی ندارد. نمونه‌های جنینی بیوپسی شده در </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> منحصراً با نمونه‌های سمت مادری مطابقت دارد. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> خود</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">به</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">خودی در انسان اغلب تخریب می</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">شود یا منجر به تشکیل </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">OT</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> می</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">شود. علت و مکانیسم </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">خود</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">به</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">خودی در مطالعات موجود نامشخص است. در اینجا، ما این فرضیه را ارائه کردیم که در برخی موارد تخمک ثانویه و جسم قطبی اول محصور در زونا شفاف ممکن است با هم ترکیب شوند و یک سلول واحد را تشکیل دهند که تعداد دیپلوئید کروموزوم</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ها را بازیابی می</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">کند و تقسیم سلولی را آغاز می</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">کند تا </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> را تشکیل دهد. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">PG</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> آنقدرها که قبلا تصور می</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">شد نادر نیست. این پدیده ممکن است مورد توجه قرار نگیرد یا خود را به صورت </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">OT</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> نشان دهد. مطالعات بیشتری برای بررسی این فرضیه توصیه می</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">شود.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><a name="_Hlk129799699"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Parthenogenesis (PG)</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> is a rare phenomenon occurring in humans, and understanding this may help us develop an explanation for such occurrences. Moreover, it may help reveal the cause of <a name="_Hlk129799740">idiopathic ovarian teratoma (OT)</a>. We aim to explain the occurrence of PG and OT in humans based on a new hypothesis. Previous literature has been searched through relevant scientific websites and international journals on the causes and mechanisms of PG and OT in humans. The previous literature on human PG was sparse and mostly contained case reports. It appears that human PG is not as rare as previously reported but may occur spontaneously, resulting in OT formation. The difference between PG and sexual reproduction is that PG has no embryonic diversity. The biopsied embryonic samples in the PG correspond exclusively to those of the maternal side. Spontaneous PG in humans often degrades or leads to formation of OT. The cause and mechanism of spontaneous PG remain unclear in the available literature. Here, we hypothesized that in some cases the secondary oocyte and first polar body enclosed in the zona pellucida may fuse together to form a single cell that restores the diploid number of chromosomes and initiates cell division to form PG. It may go unnoticed or be represented by the OT. Future studies are recommended to investigate this hypothesis. </span></span></span></span></span></div> تراتوم, شبیه‌سازی, پارتوژنز, تولیدمثل غیرجنسی. Teratoma, Cloning, Parthenogenesis, Asexual reproduction. 277 284 http://ijrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2337-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy ahegazy@zu.edu.jo, ahegazy@zu.edu.eg 0000-0002-5993-6618 Yes Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa City, Jordan. Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt. Aiman Ibraheem Al-Qtaitat aimanaq@zu.edu.jo 0000-0002-1328-5493 No Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa City, Jordan. Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Alkarak, Jordan. Raafat Awad Hegazy raafathegazy@ymail.cvom 0000-0002-5514-5042 No Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt.