en روش زایمان حساسیت به محرک های گرمایی و شیمیایی را در زاده های ماده بالغ در موش های صحرایی تغییر می دهد: یک مطالعه تجربی Reproductive Biology Original Article Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">مقدمه: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">نشان داده شده است که روش زایمان تغییرات دراز مدت و پایدار در فیزیولوژی زاده</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ها ایجاد می</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">کند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">هدف: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ارزیابی ارتباط بین روش زایمان و حساسیت به محرک</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">های حرارتی و شیمیایی در زاده</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">های ماده بالغ در موش</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">های صحرایی.</span></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">مواد و روش &shy;ها: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">در این مطالعه 56 موش صحرایی ماده بالغ (220-200 گرم) متولد شده با زایمان واژینال (28 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">= </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">n</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">) یا سزارین (28 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">= </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">n</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">) استفاده شد. التهاب پا القا شده با فرمالین استفاده شد. آستانه درد حرارتی در تست&shy;های کشش دم و صفحه داغ تعیین شدند. همچنین، سطوح نخاعی پروتئین&shy;های </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">c-fos</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">c-jun</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> در تست وسترن بلات ارزیابی شدند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">نتایج: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">درد القا شده با فرمالین در موش</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">های صحرایی متولد شده با سزارین در مقایسه با موش</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">های متولد شده با زایمان طبیعی کاهش یافت (001/0 </span></span><span class="fontstyle21" serif="" style="font-family:O106,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><</span></span></span></span></span> <span class="fontstyle21" serif="" style="font-family:O106,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">). آستانه پایه درد و بی&shy;دردی القا شده با مورفین در گروه سزارینی در مقایسه با گروه متولد شده با زایمان طبیعی افزایش یافت. آزمایش ایمنوبلات یک کاهش قابل توجه در سطوح پروتئین </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">c-fos</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">c-jun</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> در حیوانات سزارینی در مقایسه با گروه زایمان طبیعی نشان داد (01/0 </span></span><span class="fontstyle21" serif="" style="font-family:O106,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><</span></span></span></span></span> <span class="fontstyle21" serif="" style="font-family:O106,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">). درمان با مورفین مقادیر پروتئین</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ها را در گروه سزارین افزایش داد (05/0 </span></span><span class="fontstyle21" serif="" style="font-family:O106,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><</span></span></span></span></span> <span class="fontstyle21" serif="" style="font-family:O106,"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">).</span></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">نتیجه&shy; گیری: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">در مجموع موش&shy;های متولد شده با سزارین در مقایسه با موش&shy;های حاصل از زایمان طبیعی حساسیت کمتری به درد نخاعی و فعالیت عصبی نشان دادند.&nbsp; </span></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Background:</span></span></b> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">The mode of delivery might prompt a long-lasting alteration in physiological and behavioral responsiveness in offspring. </span></span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></b></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Objective:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> This study was intended to evaluate if the mode of delivery could alter sensitivity</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> to thermal and chemical stimuli</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">in female rats. </span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span class="fontstyle01"><span style="color:#231f20"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Materials and Methods:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> 56 adult female Wistar rats (200-220 gr) that were born by vaginal or cesarean section (C-section) were used (n = 28/each). Inflammatory pain was induced by</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" times=""> subcutaneous injection of formalin into the hind</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span style="color:#231f20"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> paw. The thermal nociceptive threshold was determined by tail-flick and hot plate tests. Besides, the </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Western blot test </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span style="color:#231f20"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">was used to evaluate the spinal cord levels of c-Fos and c-Jun proteins. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" times="">Results:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Formalin-induced inflammation was significantly decreased in C-section group as compared to vaginally born rats (</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">p < 0.001</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">). The baseline nociceptive threshed and morphine-induced analgesia were significantly increased in C-section groups in comparison to vaginally born rats. In addition, the levels of c-Fos and c-Jun proteins were significantly decreased in the spinal cord of C-section rats as compared to vaginally born animals (</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">p < 0.01</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">). Morphine treatment could decrease the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun in the C-section group (</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">p < 0.05</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">). </span></span><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></b></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span class="fontstyle01"><span style="color:#231f20"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span style="color:#231f20"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> Overall, C-section rats showed lower </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" times="">spinal </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">nociceptive <span style="background:white">processing and neuronal activity later in life, compared to the vaginal born rats.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:Quadraat-Regular,serif"><span style="color:#231f20"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> زایمان, سزارین, درد, التهاب, موش های صحرایی Childbirth, C-section, Nociception, Inflammation, Rats. 101 110 http://ijrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2112-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Parastoo Nikkhouy parastoo.nikkhouy@gmail.com 0000-0002-0338-1537 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Mehdi Abbasnejad mabbas@uk.ac.ir 0000-0003-2570-5288 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani semahani@uk.ac.ir 0000-0001-5550-9806 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Razieh Kooshki kooshki.r@lu.ac.ir 0000-0001-6024-4507 Yes Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.