en عصاره خرنوب عملکرد بیضه و کیفیت اسپرم را در موش‌های در معرض کادمیوم بهبود می‌بخشد: یک مطالعه تجربی Reproductive Biology Original Article Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">مقدمه: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">کادمیوم یک فلز سنگین خطرناک است که مواجه با آن می&shy;تواند منجر به طیف وسیعی از مسائل بهداشتی، از جمله اثرات نامطلوب قابل توجهی بر سلامت باروری در حیوانات و انسان شود. اخیراً، شناخت فزاینده&shy;ای از مزایای آنتی&shy;اکسیدانی عصاره خرنوب (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">CSE</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">) صورت گرفته است.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">هدف: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">بر این اساس، این تحقیق تلاش می‌کند تا پتانسیل درمانی خرنوب را در کاهش آسیب بیضه و اختلال اسپرماتوژنز ناشی از کادمیوم بررسی کند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">مواد و روش &shy;ها: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">در این مطالعه تجربی، 40 موش نر بالغ نژاد </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">BALB/c</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> (8-12 هفته، 5 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">&plusmn;</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> 30 گرم) به طور تصادفی به 4 گروه (10 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">= </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">n</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> در هر گروه) کنترل، کادمیوم (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">Cd</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">) (35/0 میلی&shy;گرم بر کیلوگرم)، </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">CSE</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> (100 میلی&shy;گرم بر کیلوگرم)، </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">CSE+Cd</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> (100 میلی&shy;گرم بر کیلوگرم </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">+</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> 35/0 میلی&shy;گرم بر کیلوگرم) تقسیم شدند. موش&shy;ها به مدت یک سیکل اسپرماتوژنز (35 روز) تحت تزریق داخل صفاقی قرار گرفتند. در پایان مطالعه، پارامترهای اسپرم، یکپارچگی </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">DNA</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> اسپرم، وضعیت هیستوپاتولوژی بیضه، سطح هورمون تستوسترون سرم، سطوح مالون دی&shy;آلدئید، اکسید نیتریک و ظرفیت تام آنتی&shy;اکسیدانی بیضه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">نتایج: </span></span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">CSE</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> با بهبود تعداد اسپرم، تحرک، زنده‌مانی، مورفولوژی و یکپارچگی کروماتین،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">اسپرماتوژنز را بهبود بخشید (01/0 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">). سطح تستوسترون و هیستوپاتولوژی بیضه&shy;ها نیز بهبود قابل توجهی را در گروه&shy;های تحت درمان با </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">CSE</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> نشان داد (001/0 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">). تجویز </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">cd</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> به طور قابل توجهی موجب القا استرس اکسیداتیو در بافت بیضه می&shy;شود (001/0 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">). همچنین </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">CSE</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> وضعیت آنتی&shy;اکسیدانی را با افزایش سطح ظرفیت تام آنتی&shy;اکسیدانی و کاهش سطوح نیتریک اکساید و مالون دی&shy;آلدهید بازیابی کرد (001/0 </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">p</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">).</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">نتیجه &shy;گیری: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">تجویز </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">CSE</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> می‌تواند به طور بالقوه عملکرد بیضه و پارامترهای اسپرم را در برابر تجویز مزمن </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">cd</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">بهبود دهد. این مورد می&shy;تواند به دلیل بهبود ترشح تستوسترون و خواص آنتی&shy;اکسیدانی </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">CSE</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> باشد.</span></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, and its exposure can lead to a range of health issues, including significant adverse effects on reproductive health in animals and humans. Recently, there has been increasing recognition of the antioxidant benefits of <i>Ceratonia siliqua </i>extract (CSE). </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Objective:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> To evaluate the therapeutic potential of CSE in mitigating testicular injury and spermatogenesis impairment induced by Cd. </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">In this experimental study, 40 adult male BALB/c mice (8-12 wk, 30 &plusmn; 5 gr) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10/each): control, Cd (0.35 mg/kg), CSE (100 mg/kg), and CSE+Cd (100 mg/kg + 0.35 mg/kg). Adult male mice were intraperitoneally injected for one cycle of spermatogenesis (35 days). Sperm parameters, sperm DNA integrity, testicular histopathology status, testosterone hormone level, and testicular levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and total antioxidant capacity were assessed. </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">CSE restored spermatogenesis by improving sperm count, motility, viability, morphology, and chromatin integrity (p < 0.01). Testosterone levels and the histopathology of the testes also showed significant improvement in the CSE-administrated groups (p < 0.001). More notably, Cd administration significantly induced oxidative stress in testicular tissue (p < 0.001). Also, CSE restored antioxidant status by enhancing total antioxidant capacity levels and ameliorating nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.001). </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Administering CSE could potentially enhance testis function and sperm parameters against chronic Cd exposure-induced reproductive toxicity, likely due to improving testosterone secretion and its antioxidant properties. </span></span></span></span></span></div> کادمیوم, خرنوب, موش, استرس اکسیداتیو, اسپرم. Cadmium, Ceratonia siliqua, Mice, Oxidative stress, Spermatozoa. 545 558 http://ijrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-783-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mojtaba Moradi mojimovt@gmail.com 0000-0002-9859-5705 No Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Elham Ghanbari e_ghanbari90@yahoo.com 0000-0001-6040-1912 No Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Zahra Rashidi rashidi.zahra@gmail.com, Zahra.rashidi@kums.ac.ir 0000-0002-7598-8282 No Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Saman Moradi Moradi.saman@modares.ac.ir 0000-0001-8730-9577 No Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Ali Shakeri alishakeri7680@gmail.com 0009-0002-1415-6332 No Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Azita Faramarzi azita.faramarzi@kums.ac.ir; a.faramarzi90@gmail.com 0000-0002-3779-4153 Yes Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.