en اسید ریتنوئیک باعث بهبود تمایز ژرم سل سلول های جنسی از سلول های بنیادی جنینی انسان می شود Original Article Original Article <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;">مقدمه: </span></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساختن تخمک مصنوعی ممکن است که راه&shy;حل عمومی برای بیماران فاقد تخمک باشد. فناوری سلول&shy;های بنیادی ممکن است راهی برای به&shy;دست آوردن تخمک&shy;های با عملکرد باشد. اسید ریتنوئیک (</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">RA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">) می&shy;تواند باعث شروع میوز شود. بعضی مطالعات نشان داد که </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">RA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> می&shy;تواند تمایز سلول&shy;های اسپرم از سلول&shy;های بنیادی جنینی موش (</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">mESCs</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">) و سلول&shy;های دیگر از سلول&shy;های بنیادی جنینی انسان شود (</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">hESCs</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">). </span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span><br> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;">هدف:</span></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> جهت بررسی اینکه آیا </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">RA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> می&shy;تواند محرک تمایز سلول&shy;های جنسی از </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">hESCs</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> شود. </span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span><br> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;">مواد و روش&shy;ها: </span></strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">hESCs</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> به عنوان جسم&shy;های جنینی (</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">EBs</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">) تمایز پیدا کرده در محلول حاوی </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">all-trans RA (atRA)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> پایدون </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">atRA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> برای 1، 3، 5 و 7 روز و سپس بیان </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">VASA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">، </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">SCP3</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">، </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">GDF9</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> و </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">TEKT1</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> با روش </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">real-time PCR</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> مقایسه شد. تفاوت&shy;های آماری به&shy;وسیله </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ANOVA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> یک طرفه بررسی شد. </span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span><br> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;">نتایج:</span></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> بیان مارکرهای ویژه سلول&shy;های جنسی شامل مارکر ژنولیت </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">VASA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">، مارکر میوتیک </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">SPC3</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> و مارکرهای بعد از میوز </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">GDF9</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> و </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">TEKT1</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> همگی در حضور و غیاب </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">RA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> در حالیکه تمایز </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">EB</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> در جریان بود افزایش یافت. به&shy;علاوه بیان این مارکرها در حد 9/3، 6/9، 7/2 و 11/8 برابر به ترتیب در حضور </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">RA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">، در مقایسه با عدم حضور </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">RA</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> بعد از 5 روز تمایز افزایش یافت.&nbsp;</span><br> <strong><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نتیجه&shy;گیری:</span></span></span></strong><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> نتایج نشان داد که hESCs&nbsp;ممکن است اثرات قوی بر تمایز سلول&shy;های جنسی پره&shy;موردیال (PGCs)&nbsp;و گامت&shy;های اولیه داشته باشد. RA&nbsp;می&shy;تواند تمایز سلول&shy;های جنسی از hESCs&nbsp;را بهبود دهد.&nbsp;</span></span></span> <strong>Background:</strong> Creation of artificial gametes may provide a universal solution for these patients of lacking gametes. Stem cell technology may provide a way to obtain fully functional gametes. Retinoic acid (RA) can initiate meiosis. Several studies have demonstrated that RA can promote sperm cells differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and other cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).<br> <strong>Objective:</strong> We sought to determine whether RA could promote differentiation of germ cells from hESCs.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> hESCs were differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) in suspension with all-trans RA (atRA) or without atRA for 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, and then compared the expression of VASA, SCP3, GDF9 and TEKT1 by real-time PCR. The statistical differences were evaluated by one way ANOVA.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The expression of germ cell-specific markers including the gonocyte marker VASA, the meiotic marker SCP3, and postmeiotic markers, GDF9 and TEKT1, all increased in the presence and absence of RA as EB differentiation progressed. In addition, the expression of these markers increased an average of 9.3, 6.9, 7.2 and 11.8 fold respectively in the presence of RA, compared to the absence of RA, over 5 days differentiation.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our results indicate that hESCs may have the potential to differentiate to primordial germ cells (PGCs) and early gametes. And RA can improve germ cells differentiation from hESCs. تمایز, سلول بنیانی جنینی انسان, Germ cell, اسید ریتنوئیک. Cell Differentiation, Embryonic Stem Cells, Germ cells, Retinoic acid. 905 0 http://ijrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-550&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Liu Xuemei xuemeiliu02@yeah.net Yes Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China Yue Jing No Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China Xu Bei No Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China Hu Juan No Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China Ren Xinling No Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China Liu Qun No Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China Zhu Guijin No Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China