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The relationship between maternal vitamin D levels and osteopenia development in preterm infants: A cross-sectional study رابطه بین سطوح ویتامین D مادر و استئوپنی در نوزادان نارس: یک مطالعه مقطعی 2 1 مقدمه: استئوپنی نارس (OP) با کاهش محتوای مواد معدنی استخوان مشخص می­شود و کمبود ویتامین D ممکن است با تأثیر بر متابولیسم استخوان، OP را تشدید کند. هدف: این مطالعه با هدف بررسی ارتباط بین سطوح ویتامین D مادر و نشانگرهای بیوشیمیایی مرتبط با OP انجام شد. مواد و روش­ ها: این مطالعه مقطعی-تحلیلی که از خرداد 1401 تا شهریور 1402 در بیمارستان شهید صدوقی یزد انجام شد، 49 زن باردار و نوزاد نارس آنها مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بر اساس سطح سرمی آلکالین فسفاتاز (ALP) و فسفر نوزادان در بدو تولد و 4 هفته پس از تولد، آنها به دو گروه استئوپنیک و غیراستئوپنیک تقسیم شدند. سپس سطح ویتامین D و کلسیم مادر و نوزاد بین این گروه­ها مقایسه شد. نتایج: میانگین سطح ویتامین D مادران ng/ml 09/15 ± 9/24 بود که 36% آنها کمبود داشتند. 11 نوزاد در هفته چهارم بر اساس سطوح فسفر و ALP استئوپنیک بودند. افراد مبتلا به استئوپنی به طور قابل توجهی سطوح ویتامین D و کلسیم کمتری نسبت به نوزادان غیراستئوپنیک داشتند (032/0 = p) و (043/0 = p)، اگرچه میانگین ویتامین D مادر عامل خطر قابل توجهی برای OP نبود (313/0 = p). نتیجه ­گیری: نتایج نشان می­دهد که سطح ویتامین D مادر ارتباط معنی­داری با بروز استئوپنی در نوزادان ندارد، زیرا میانگین غلظت ویتامین D مادر به عنوان یک عامل خطر برای این وضعیت شناسایی نشده است. بنابراین، توصیه می­شود که تحقیقات آینده باید عوامل جایگزینی را که ممکن است در ایجاد استئوپنی در نوزادان نارس نقش داشته باشند، بررسی کنند. 2 Background: Osteopenia of prematurity (OP) is characterized by reduced bone mineral content, and vitamin D deficiency may worsen OP by affecting bone metabolism.  Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between maternal vitamin D levels and biochemical markers related to OP. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study, conducted at Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Yazd, Iran, from June 2022 to September 2023, included 49 pregnant women and their preterm infants. Based on the serum alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus levels of the infants at birth and 4 wk after birth, they were divided into osteopenic and non-osteopenic groups. Maternal and neonatal vitamin D and calcium levels were then compared between these groups. Results: The mean maternal vitamin D level was 24.9 ± 15.09 ng/ml, with 36% showing deficiency. 11 neonates at 4 wk exhibited osteopenia based on phosphorus and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Those with osteopenia had significantly lower vitamin D (p = 0.032) and calcium levels compared to non-osteopenic neonates (p = 0.043), although maternal vitamin D mean was not a significant risk factor for OP (p = 0.313).  Conclusion: The results suggest that maternal vitamin D levels do not have a significant association with the incidence of osteopenia in neonates, as the mean maternal vitamin D concentration was not identified as a risk factor for this condition. Therefore, it is recommended that future research should investigate alternative factors that may contribute to the development of osteopenia in preterm infants. 845 856 2024/03/12 1402/12/22 2024/10/19 1403/7/28 Razieh Sadat Tabatabaei Razieh Sadat Tabatabaei Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. ایران dr.r.tabatabaee@gmail.com Seyed Reza Mirjalili Seyed Reza Mirjalili Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. ایران Dr_sr_mirjalili@yahoo.com Atefeh Ashrafi Atefeh Ashrafi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Ardestan, Iran. ایران f.ashrafi.1360@gmail.com Farimah Shamsi Farimah Shamsi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. ایران farimahshamssi@gmail.com Vitamin D Osteopenia Prematurity Alkaline phosphatase. ویتامین D استئوپنی نارس آلکالین فسفاتاز. 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Improving reproductive outcomes in frozen embryo transfer over fresh embryo transfer in women with endometrioma: A historical cohort study بهبود نتایج تولیدمثلی در انتقال جنین منجمد نسبت به انتقال جنین تازه در زنان مبتلا به اندومتریوما: یک مطالعه کوهورت تاریخی 2 1 مقدمه: اندومتریوما، یکی از تظاهرات شایع اندومتریوز و اغلب نشان‌دهنده شدت بیماری است. لقاح آزمایشگاهی و انتقال جنین (ET) از استراتژی‌های کلیدی درمان ناباروری مرتبط با اندومتریوز هستند. با این حال، نوع بهینه ET (منجمد یا تازه) و تأثیر آن بر میزان موفقیت بارداری همچنان مورد بحث است و مطالعات محدودی در این زمینه وجود دارد. هدف: این مطالعه کوهورت تاریخی با هدف مقایسه پیامدهای باروری و نوزادی بین انتقال جنین تازه (ET) و انتقال جنین منجمد (FET)، با تمرکز بر نرخ تولد زنده (LBR)، بارداری بالینی و میزان لانه‎­گزینی در زنان نابارور مبتلا با اندومتریوما، انجام شد. مواد و روش­ ها: در این مطالعه گذشته­نگر، پرونده‌های پزشکی 289 زن نابارور مبتلا به اندومتریوما که بین سال­های 1395 تا 1400 در پژوهشگاه رویان تهران، تحت درمان لقاح آزمایشگاهی/تزریق داخل سیتوپلاسمی اسپرم قرار گرفته بودند، بررسی شد. در نهایت 200 پرونده که معیارهای تعیین‌شده را دارا بودند، برای بررسی انتخاب شدند.  داده‌های استخراج‌شده بین دو گروه FET (121 نفر) و ET تازه (79 نفر) مقایسه شد. نتایج: تفاوت معناداری بین گروه‌ها از نظر ویژگی‌های دموگرافیک و اندازه اندومتریوما مشاهده نشد. تنها تفاوت معنادار در نتایج باروری، LBR بود که برای گروه FET برابر 4/36% در مقایسه با 8/22% برای گروه ET تازه بود (04/0 = p). تفاوت معناداری در نتایج نوزادی بین گروه‌ها مشاهده نشد. به طور کلی، مطالعه ما نشان می‌دهد که FET ممکن است به LBR بالاتری در زنان مبتلا به اندومتریوما منجر شود. نتیجه­ گیری: مطالعه ما نشان می‌دهد که FET ممکن است به LBR بالاتری در زنان مبتلا به اندومتریوما منجر شود. 2 Background: Endometrioma, a common manifestation of endometriosis, often indicates the severity of the disease. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (ET) are key therapeutic strategies for infertility associated with endometriosis. However, the optimal type of ET (frozen or fresh) and its impact on pregnancy success rates remain debated, with limited studies available. Objective: This historical cohort study aimed to compare fertility and neonatal outcomes, focusing on live birth rate (LBR), clinical pregnancy, and implantation rates in women with endometrioma-associated infertility, between fresh and frozen embryo transfer (FET). Materials and Methods: In this historical cohort study, the medical records (files) of 289 women diagnosed with endometrioma-related infertility, who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment at Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran between March 2016-2021 were reviewed. Ultimately, 200 files that met the established criteria were selected for review. The extracted data was then compared between groups: FET (n = 121) and fresh ET (n = 79). Results: No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics and endometrioma size. The only significant difference in fertility outcomes was the LBR, which was 36.4% for the FET group compared to 22.8% for the fresh ET group (p = 0.04). No significant differences were observed in neonatal outcomes between the groups. Overall, our study suggests that FET may lead to higher LBRs in women diagnosed with endometrioma. Conclusion: Our study suggests that FET may lead to higher LBRs in women diagnosed with endometrioma. 857 870 2024/03/122024/03/12 1402/12/22 2024/10/192024/10/23 1403/8/2 Parisa Pirooznia Parisa Pirooznia Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. ایران parisapirooznia1354@gmail.com Mehri Mashayekhi Mehri Mashayekhi Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. ایران dr.mashayekhy@yahoo.com Firouzeh Ghaffari Firouzeh Ghaffari Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. ایران ghafaryf@yahoo.com Nadia Jahangiri Nadia Jahangiri Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. ایران jahangiri_n@yahoo.com Zahra Zolfaghari Zahra Zolfaghari Department of Basic and Population Based Studies in NCD, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. ایران za_zolfaghari@yahoo.com Firoozeh Ahmadi Firoozeh Ahmadi Department of Reproductive Imaging, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. ایران dr.ahmadi1390@gmail.com Fateme Hasani Fateme Hasani Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. ایران fatemehasani99@yahoo.com Nima Narimani Nima Narimani Hasheminejad Kidney Centre, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. ایران nima_dr2001@yahoo.com Endometrioma Embryo transfer Assisted reproductive technique Treatment outcome Pregnancy outcome. اندومتریوما انتقال جنین تکنیک‌های کمک باروری پیامد درمان پیامد باروری. 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Effects of L-carnitine and pentoxifylline on long-term preservation of the human sperms: An experimental study تأثیر ال-کارنیتین و پنتوکسی‌فیلین بر نگهداری طولانی مدت اسپرم انسان در شرایط بدون انجماد: یک مطالعه تجربی 2 1 مقدمه: در مراکز ناباروری، نگهداری دراز مدت اسپرم با کیفیت بالا یک مسئله چالش برانگیز است. هدف: هدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر، نگهداری دراز مدت اسپرماتوزای انسان با افزودن ال-کارنیتین و پنتوکسی­فیلین بدون استفاده از روش­های گرانقیمت انجماد است. مواد و روش ­ها: در این مطالعه تجربی، 26 نمونه مایع منی نورموزواسپرمی با سن 34-28 سال به روش شناور­سازی آماده و به سه قسمت تقسیم شد: گروه کنترل بدون تیمار، گروه ال-کارنیتین و گروه پنتوکسی­فیلین. نمونه­ها در دمای oC 6-4 تا 12 ساعت نگهداری و تحرک اسپرم ارزیابی شد. درصد اسپرم‌های دارای DNA دو رشته‌ای، اسپرم­های آپوپتوتوز شده و اسپرم‌هایی با آکروزومی یکپارچه به ترتیب با ارزیابی ساختار کروماتین اسپرم، رنگ­آمیزی AnnexinV-PI و لکتین peanut agglutinin مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج: در روز هفتم، 26/4 ± 83/26% از اسپرم­ها در گروه پنتوکسی­فیلین متحرک بودند که بطور معنی­داری بیش از گروه ال-کارنیتین (61/0 ± 67/6%) و کنترل (17/0 ± 83/0%) بود (001/0 < p). در روز 12، در حالیکه همه اسپرم­ها در گروه ال-کارنیتین و کنترل تحرک خود را از دست داده بودند، افزودن پنتوکسی­فیلین منجر به این شد که 47/0 ± 17/3% از اسپرم­ها تحرک خود را نگه دارند (001/0 < p). از آن گذشته، در روز 12، درصد اسپرم­های دچار اپوپتوز در گروه درمان شده با پنتوکسی­فیلین (20/0 ± 8%) بطور معنی­داری کمتر از گروه درمان شده با ال-کارنیتین (28/0 ± 9/5%) بود (03/0 = p). هیچکدام از    افزودنی­ها دارای اثر بر روی تعداد اسپرم با DNA دو رشته­ای نبودند (05/0 > p). تا روز 12، ال-کارنیتین توانست یکپارچگی اکروزم را نگه دارد. نتیجه­ گیری: با وجود اینکه پنتوکسی­فیلین تحرک اسپرم را بهبود بخشید، ال-کارنیتین در پیشگیری از آپوپتوز و واکنش آکروزومی کاراتر بود. گرچه بدون توجه به نوع درمان، DNA در برابر دناتوره شدن مقاوم بود. 2 Background: In infertility clinics, long-time preserving high-quality spermatozoa is a challenging problem. Objective: The present study aimed to prolong preserving of the human spermatozoa by adding pentoxifylline (PT) and L-carnitine (LC) without using high-cost freezing techniques. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, semen samples of 26 normozoospermia men aged between 28-34 yr, were firstly prepared using the swim-up technique, and each sample was divided into the following 3 aliquots: untreated control group, the LC, and PT-treated groups. The samples were stored for up to 12 days at 4-6°C, and sperm motility was assessed. The percentages of the sperms with double-stranded DNA, apoptotic, and acrosomal interacted sperms were evaluated by sperm chromatin structure assay, AnnexinV-PI staining, and peanut agglutinin, respectively. Results: On day 7, 26.83% ± 4.26 of sperms were motile in the PT group which was significantly more than LC (6.67% ± 0.61) and control (0.83 ± 0.17) groups (p < 0.001). At day 12, while all sperms lost their motility in LC and control groups, adding PT led to 3.17% ± 0.47 sperms remaining motile (p < 0.001). Moreover, on day 12, the percent of apoptotic sperms in the PT-treated group (8% ± 0.20) was significantly lower than in LC-treated group (5.9% ± 0.28, p = 0.03). None of the additives positively affected the number of sperms with double-stranded DNA (p > 0.05). LC could also maintain acrosomal integrity over a storage time of up to 12 days. Conclusion: Despite PT's improved sperm motility, LC was more efficient in preventing apoptosis and acrosomal reactions. However, DNA was resistant to denaturation regardless of the treatments. 871 882 2024/03/122024/03/122023/07/7 1402/4/16 2024/10/192024/10/232024/10/26 1403/8/5 Elham Aliabadi Elham Aliabadi Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ایران aliabade@sums.ac.ir Zohre Nateghian Zohre Nateghian Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran. ایران znateghian@yahoo.com Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. ایران mh.nasr-esfahani@royaninstitute.org Marziyeh Tavalaee Marziyeh Tavalaee Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. ایران tavalaee.royan@gmail.com Tahereh Talaei-Khozani Tahereh Talaei-Khozani Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ایران talaeit@sums.ac.ir Apoptosis Sperm motility L-carnitine Pentoxifylline Semen preservation. آپوپتوز حرکت اسپرم ال-کارنیتین پنتوکسی فیلین نگهداری منی. Akbarzadeh-Jahromi M, Jafari F, Parsanezhad ME, Alaee S. Evaluation of supplementation of cryopreservation medium with gallic acid as an antioxidant in quality of post-thaw human spermatozoa. Andrologia 2022; 54: e14571.##Nateghian Z, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Talaei-Khozani T, Tavalaee M, Aliabadi E. L-carnitine and pentoxifylline supplementation improves sperm viability and motility at low temperature. Int J Fertil Steril 2023; 17: 61-66.##Chianese R, Pierantoni R. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production alters sperm quality. Antioxidants 2021; 10: 92-109.##Ibáñez-Arancibia E, Farías JG, Valdebenito I. Use of antioxidants and time of cold storage: Effects over viability parameters and enzymatic levels in semen of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792). Braz J Biol 2021; 6: e245329.##Mateus FG, Moreira S, Martins AD, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Pereira MD. L-carnitine and male fertility: Is supplementation beneficial? J Clin Med 2023; 12: 5796-5817.##Kooshesh L, Nateghian Z, Aliabadi E. Evaluation of L-carnitine potential in improvement of male fertility. J Reprod Infertil 2023; 24: 69-84.##Prakash N, Ghosal S, Maity M. A review on therapeutic effects of L-carnitine: An update. J Adv Zool 2023; 44: 2100-2108.##Zhang X, Cui Y, Dong L, Sun M, Zhang Y. The efficacy of combined L‐carnitine and L‐acetyl carnitine in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Andrologia 2020; 52: e13470.##Hufana-Duran D, Duran PG, Monson R, Parrish J. Motility and membrane integrity of ejaculated bovine spermatozoa extended and cryopreserved in L-carnitineTris-egg yolk extender. J ISSAAS 2018; 23: 56-67.##Nazari M, Daghigh Kia H, Najafi A. [Effect of pentoxifylline antioxidant supplementation on improvement of sperm motility parameters in non-breeding season]. Iran J Anim Sci Res 2022; 14: 55-64. (in Persian)##Dadgar Z, Shariatzadeh SM, Mehranjani MS, Kheirolahi A. The therapeutic effect of co-administration of pentoxifylline and zinc in men with idiopathic infertility. Iran J Med Sci 2022; 192: 431-439.##Lu Y, Su H, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li H. Treatment of poor sperm quality and erectile dysfunction with oral pentoxifylline: A systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12: 789787.##Mahaldashtian M, Khalili MA, Nottola SA, Woodward B, Macchiarelli G, Miglietta S. Does in vitro application of pentoxifylline have beneficial effects in assisted male reproduction? Andrologia 2021; 53: e13722.##Safarinejad MR. Effect of pentoxifylline on semen parameters, reproductive hormones, and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in men with idiopathic infertility: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Int Urol Nephrol 2011; 43: 315-328.##Björndahl L, Brown JK, Other editorial board members of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. The sixth edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen: Ensuring quality and standardization in basic examination of human ejaculates. Fertil Steril 2022; 117: 246-251.##Aliabadi E, Karimi F, Talaei-Khozani T. Effects of L-carnitine and pentoxifylline on carbohydrate distribution of mouse testicular sperm membrane. Iran J Med Sci 2013; 38: 107-115.##Evenson DP. The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA®) and other sperm DNA fragmentation tests for evaluation of sperm nuclear DNA integrity as related to fertility. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 169: 56-75.##Aliabadi E, Jahanshahi S, Talaei‐Khozani T, Banaei M. Comparison and evaluation of capacitation and acrosomal reaction in freeze‐thawed human ejaculated spermatozoa treated with L‐carnitine and pentoxifylline. Andrologia 2018; 50: e12845.##Rossi M, Gonzalez-Castro R, Falomo ME. Effect of caffeine and pentoxifylline added before or after cooling on sperm characteristics of stallion sperm. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 87: 102902.##Nazari P, Farshad A, Hosseini Y. Protective effects of trehalose and pentoxifylline on goat sperm exposed to chilling-freezing process. Biopreserv Biobank 2022; 20: 540-550.##Banihani SA, Abu‐Alhayjaa RF, Amarin ZO, Alzoubi KH. Pentoxifylline increases the level of nitric oxide produced by human spermatozoa. Andrologia 2018; 50: e12859.##Heydari M, Qasemi-Panahi B, Moghaddam Gh, Daghigh-Kia H, Masoudi R. Conservation of buck's spermatozoa during cooling storage period through cooling medium supplementation with L-carnitine. Arch Razi Inst 2021; 76: 1797-1802.##Galarza DA, López‐Sebastián A, Santiago‐Moreno J. Supplementing a skimmed milk-egg yolk‐based extender with L‐carnitine helps maintain the motility, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity of chilled ram sperm. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55: 805-813.##Naderi Noreini S, Malmir M, Ghafarizadeh A, Faraji T, Bayat R. 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Protective effects of resveratrol on the expression of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase genes in the ovary and their activity in the serum of rats exposed to lead acetate: An experimental study اثر محافظتی رسوراترول بر بیان ژن‌های کاتالاز، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در تخمدان و فعالیت آن‌ها در سرم رت‌های در معرض استات سرب: یک مطالعه تجربی 2 1 مقدمه: سرب (Pb) می‌تواند برای سیستم تولیدمثل زنانه سمی باشد و رسوراترول (Res) ممکن است این سمیت را کاهش دهد. هدف: هدف از انجام مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر Res بر بیان ژن‌های کاتالاز (Cat)، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز (Gpx)، و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (Sod) در تخمدان و فعالیت آنزیم‌های Cat  و Gpx در سرم رت‌های در معرض استات سرب بود. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه تجربی، 33 رت ماده ویستار (8-10 هفته، 200-180 گرم) به 6 گروه تقسیم شدند: یک گروه کنترل (محلول نمکی معمولی)، یک گروه Res (رسوراترول 40 میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم)، یک سرب (استات سرب 30 میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم) و 3 گروه اضافی استات سرب (30 میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم) به همراه Res در دوزهای 20، 40 و 80 میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم که به مدت 21 روز دریافت کردند. بیان ژن‌های Cat،Gpx  و Sod از طریق qPCR اندازه‌گیری شد و فعالیت آنزیم‌های Cat و Gpx در سرم با استفاده از روش‌های استاندارد ارزیابی شد. ابزارهای بیوانفورماتیکی برای ارزیابی اثرات رسوراترول بر عملکرد ژن و پروتئین استفاده شدند. نتایج: استات سرب به‌طور معناداری بیان ژن‌های Cat،Gpx  و Sod را کاهش می‌دهد، اما رسوراترول به‌طور معناداری بیان ژن‌ها را افزایش می‌دهد، به‌ویژه در دوزهای 40 میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم برای Cat، 20 میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم و 40 میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم برای Gpx و 80 میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم برای Sod. فعالیت آنزیم‌های Cat و Gpx به‌ترتیب در گروه استات سرب افزایش و کاهش یافت. با این حال، رسوراترول در تمام دوزها تنها فعالیت آنزیم Cat را کاهش داد. تحلیل بیوانفورماتیکی نشان می‌دهد که Res می‌تواند با نواحی پروموتور و حفره‌های تمامی 3 آنزیم تعامل داشته باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: سرب می‌تواند بیان و فعالیت آنزیم‌های مطالعه‌شده را مختل کند. با این حال، تأثیر Res تحت تأثیر دوز قرار می‌گیرد، به‌طوری که 40 میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم معمولاً مؤثرترین دوز است. 2 Background: Lead (Pb) could be toxic to the female reproductive system, and resveratrol (Res) may overcome this toxicity. Objective: To investigate the Res impact on the catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and superoxide dismutase (Sod) gene expression in the ovary and on the Cat and Gpx enzyme activity in the serum of rats exposed to lead acetate. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 33 female Wistar rats (8-10 wk, 180-200 gr) were divided into 6 groups: a control group (normal saline), a Res group (40 mg/kg), and a Pb group (lead acetate 30 mg/kg). 3 additional groups received lead acetate (30 mg/kg) with Res at 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg for 21 days. Gene expression of Cat, Gpx, and Sod was measured via qPCR, and serum Cat and Gpx activity was assessed using standard methods. Bioinformatics tools were used to evaluate Res effects on gene and protein function. Results: Lead acetate significantly downregulates Cat, Gpx, and Sod gene expression, but Res significantly upregulates gene expression, especially at doses of 40 mg/kg for Cat, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for Gpx, and 80 mg/kg for Sod. Cat and Gpx enzyme activity increased and decreased in the lead acetate group, respectively. However, Res in all doses decreased only the Cat enzyme activity. Bioinformatics analysis indicates that Res can interact with the promoter regions and cavities of all 3 enzymes. Conclusion: Pb can dysregulate the expression and activity of the studied enzymes. However, the impact of Res is influenced by the dose, with 40 mg/kg frequently being the most effective. 883 894 2024/03/122024/03/122023/07/72024/01/7 1402/10/17 2024/10/192024/10/232024/10/262024/11/16 1403/8/26 Mohammad Karimian Mohammad Karimian Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. ایران mdkarimian@gmail.com Mozhdeh Ghadiri Mozhdeh Ghadiri Faculty of Pharmacy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran. ایران hosghorb@gmail.com Seyedeh Mahsa Poormoosavi Seyedeh Mahsa Poormoosavi Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran. ایران m.poormoosavi@ymail.com Hossein Najafzadehvarzi Hossein Najafzadehvarzi Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. ایران najafzadehvarzi@gmail.com Resveratrol Lead acetate Oxidative stress Ovary In silico Rat. رسوراترول استات سرب استرس اکسیداتیو تخمدان درون رایانه‌ای موش صحرایی. 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Vimentin as a contributing factor in SARS-CoV-2-induced orchitis on postmortem testicular autopsy of COVID-19 cases: A case-control study ویمنتین به عنوان یک عامل مشارکت‌کننده در ارکیت ناشی از ویروس کرونا بر روی کالبد‌شکافی بیضه پس از مرگ بیماران COVID-19: یک مطالعه مورد-شاهدی 2 1 مقدمه: بیماری کروناویروس (COVID-19) در اواخر دسامبر ۲۰۱۹ در چین شناسایی شد که منجر به میلیون­ها مورد تأیید شده و مرگ، شده است. عامل بیماری حاد تنفسی شدید سندرم کروناویروس (SARS-CoV-2)، از گیرنده­های متمایز برای ورود به سلول­های میزبان استفاده می­کند. ویمنتین به عنوان یک گیرنده بالقوه برای ویروس کرونا ظهور کرده است. به دلیل سطح بالای بیان ویمنتین در بافت بیضه به عنوان یک گیرنده مشترک بالقوه برای SARS-CoV-2 مشخص شده است. هدف: مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی ارتباط بین سطح بیان ویمنتین و ارکیت ناشی از SARS-CoV-2 انجام شد. مواد و روش ­ها: در این مطالعه مورد-شاهدی، نمونه‌های کالبد شکافی بیضه بلافاصله پس از مرگ بیماران گروه COVID-19 و گروه کنترل که شامل افرادی بود که به دلایل تصادفی فوت کرده بودند، جمع‌آوری شد. بیان ژن و مطالعات ایمونوهیستوشیمی به ترتیب برای ارزیابی سطح بیان ویمنتین، تکثیر سلولی و انفیلتراسیون لکوسیتی انجام شد. نتایج: بیان معنی‌دار ویمنتین و انفیلتراسیون سلول‌های ایمنی (+138CD ،+38CD، +68CD) در بافت بیضه بیماران COVID-19، همراه با نفود گسترده IgG و کاهش بیان اینهیبین (001/0 = p) مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، تجزیه و تحلیل بیان ژن افزایش بیان ویمنتین و کاهش بیان نشانگرهای تکثیر Ki67 و PCNA را نشان داد، که نشان می‌دهد SARS-CoV-2 ممکن است اسپرم‌زایی را از طریق پاسخ‌های ایمنی و توقف تکثیر سلولی مختل کند. نتیجه­ گیری: روی هم رفته، این داده‌ها نشان می‌دهند که ممکن است ارتباط قوی بین بیان ویمنتین و ارکیت ناشی از COVID-19 وجود داشته باشد. برای تأیید این یافته­ها به مطالعات بیشتری نیاز است. با در نظر گرفتن برخی محدودیت­ها، ویمنتین می­تواند به عنوان یک نشانگر زیستی برای آسیب بیضه به دنبال ارکیت ناشی از COVID-19 باشد. 2 Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in China in late December 2019 and led to a pandemic that resulted in millions of confirmed cases and deaths. The causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), uses distinct receptors and co-receptors to enter host cells. Vimentin has emerged as a potential co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 due to the high level of vimentin expression in testis tissue. Objective: The present study investigated the link between vimentin expression level and SARS-CoV-2-induced orchitis. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, testis autopsy samples were collected immediately after the death of both COVID-19 cases and a control group that included individuals who died due to accidental causes. Gene expression and immunohistochemical assays were conducted to evaluate the level of vimentin expression, cell proliferation, and leukocyte infiltration. Results: A significant expression of vimentin and infiltration of immune cells (CD68+, CD38+, and CD138+) in the testicular tissue of COVID-19 cases, along with extensive immunoglobulin G precipitation and reduced inhibin expression (p = 0.001) were observed. Additionally, gene expression analysis revealed increased expression of vimentin and decreased expression of the proliferation markers Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may disrupt spermatogenesis through immune responses and the arrest of cell proliferation. Conclusion: There may be a strong link between vimentin expression and COVID-19-induced orchitis. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Considering some limitations, vimentin can be used as a biomarker option for testicular damage following COVID-19-induced orchitis. 895 906 2024/03/122024/03/122023/07/72024/01/72024/07/13 1403/4/23 2024/10/192024/10/232024/10/262024/11/162024/11/18 1403/8/28 Soheila Akaberi-Nasrabadi Soheila Akaberi-Nasrabadi Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Urology and Nephrology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran. ایران soheilaakaberi62@gmail.com Azam Sabbaghi Azam Sabbaghi Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Urology and Nephrology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran. ایران am.sabbaghi2008@gmail.com Behzad M. Toosi Behzad M. Toosi Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. ایران behzad.toosi@usask.ca Parsa Ghorbanifaraz Parsa Ghorbanifaraz Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Urology and Nephrology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran. ایران Parsa.qf1378@gmail.com Gholam-Reza Mahmoudiasl Gholam-Reza Mahmoudiasl Forensic Diagnostic and Laboratory Center of Tehran Province, Kahrizak, Tehran, Iran. ایران rmahmoudi412@gmail.com Abbas Aliaghaei Abbas Aliaghaei Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ایران aghaei60@gmail.com Hajarsadat Faghihi Hosseinabadi Hajarsadat Faghihi Hosseinabadi Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ایران faghihi1988@gmail.com Shahrokh Paktinat Shahrokh Paktinat Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Urology and Nephrology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran. ایران sh.paktinat@gmail.com Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Urology and Nephrology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran. ایران m_amin58@yahoo.com Autopsy COVID-19 Orchitis SARS-CoV-2 Vimentin. اتوپسی COVID-19 اورکیت SARS-CoV-2 ویمنتین. Hsu AL, Finlinson A, Warncke K. Mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 may impact male fertility. Reprod Sci 2021; 28: 332-333.##Moghimi N, Eslami Farsani B, Ghadipasha M, Mahmoudiasl GhR, Piryaei A, Aliaghaei A, et al. COVID-19 disrupts spermatogenesis through the oxidative stress pathway following induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis 2021; 26: 415-430.##Peirouvi T, Aliaghaei A, Eslami Farsani B, Ziaeipour S, Ebrahimi V, Forozesh M, et al. COVID-19 disrupts the blood-testis barrier through the induction of inflammatory cytokines and disruption of junctional proteins. Inflamm Res 2021; 70: 1165-1175.##Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell 2020; 181: 271-280.##Pan F, Xiao X, Guo J, Song Y, Li H, Patel DP, et al. No evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 in semen of males recovering from coronavirus disease 2019. Fertil Steril 2020; 113: 1135-1139.##Stanley KE, Thomas E, Leaver M, Wells D. Coronavirus disease-19 and fertility: Viral host entry protein expression in male and female reproductive tissues. Fertil Steril 2020; 114: 33-43.##Duarte‐Neto AN, Teixeira TA, Caldini EG, Kanamura CT, Gomes‐Gouvêa MS, Dos Santos ABG, et al. Testicular pathology in fatal COVID‐19: A descriptive autopsy study. Andrology 2022; 10: 13-23.##Yu YTC, Chien SC, Chen IY, Lai CT, Tsay YG, Chang SC, et al. Surface vimentin is critical for the cell entry of SARS-CoV. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23: 14.##Zhao S, Miao C, Gao X, Li Z, Eriksson JE, Jiu Y. Vimentin cage - a double-edged sword in host anti-infection defense. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86: 102317.##Beileke S, Claassen H, Wagner W, Matthies C, Ruf C, Hartmann A, et al. Expression and localization of lung surfactant proteins in human testis. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0143058.##Zomer HD, Reddi PP. Characterization of rodent Sertoli cell primary cultures. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87: 857-870.##Zhao W-P, Wang H-W, Liu J, Tan P-P, Luo X-L, Zhu Sh-Q, et al. Positive PCNA and Ki-67 expression in the testis correlates with spermatogenesis dysfunction in fluoride-treated rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186: 489-497.##Li Zh, Paulin D, Lacolley P, Coletti D, Agbulut O. Vimentin as a target for the treatment of COVID-19. BMJ Open Respir Res 2020; 7: e000623.##Suprewicz Ł, Swoger M, Gupta S, Piktel E, Byfield FJ, Iwamoto DV, et al. Extracellular vimentin as a target against SARS‐CoV‐2 host cell invasion. Small 2022; 18: 2105640.##Dos Santos G, Rogel MR, Baker MA, Troken JR, Urich D, Morales-Nebreda L, et al. Vimentin regulates activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Nat Commun 2015; 6: 6574.##Liu Y, Yan LM, Wan L, Xiang TX, Le A, Liu JM, et al. Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20: 656-657.##Li H, Xiao X, Zhang J, Zafar MI, Wu C, Long Y, et al. Impaired spermatogenesis in COVID-19 patients. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 28: 100604.##Ma X, Guan C, Chen R, Wang Y, Feng S, Wang R, et al. Pathological and molecular examinations of postmortem testis biopsies reveal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the testis and spermatogenesis damage in COVID-19 patients. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18: 487-489.##Shigyo M, Kuboyama T, Sawai Y, Tada-Umezaki M, Tohda C. Extracellular vimentin interacts with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor to promote axonal growth. Sci Rep 2015; 5: 12055.##Shigyo M, Tohda C. Extracellular vimentin is a novel axonal growth facilitator for functional recovery in spinal cord-injured mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 28293.##Mak T, Brüggemann H. Vimentin in bacterial infections. Cells 2016; 5: 18.##Yang J, Zou L, Yang Y, Yuan J, Hu Z, Liu H, et al. Superficial vimentin mediates DENV-2 infection of vascular endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 38372.##Schäfer G, Graham LM, Lang DM, Blumenthal MJ, Bergant Marušič M, Katz AA. Vimentin modulates infectious internalization of human papillomavirus 16 pseudovirions. J Virol 2017; 91: e00307.##Thalla DG, Jung P, Bischoff M, Lautenschläger F. Role of extracellular vimentin in cancer-cell functionality and its influence on cell monolayer permeability changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22: 7469.##Ramos I, Stamatakis K, Oeste CL, Pérez-Sala D. Vimentin as a multifaceted player and potential therapeutic target in viral infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21: 4675.##Parvanian S, Coelho-Rato LS, Patteson AE, Eriksson JE. Vimentin takes a hike-emerging roles of extracellular vimentin in cancer and wound healing. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85: 102246.##Arrindell J, Desnues B. Vimentin: From a cytoskeletal protein to a critical modulator of immune response and a target for infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14: 1224352.##Yang M, Chen S, Huang B, Zhong JM, Su H, Chen YJ, et al. Pathological findings in the testes of COVID-19 patients: Clinical implications. Eur Urol Focus 2020; 6: 1124-1129.##Xu J, Qi L, Chi X, Yang J, Wei X, Gong E, et al. Orchitis: A complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)1. Biol Reprod 2006; 74: 410-416.## ##

Evaluation of utilization of amplified blastocoel fluid DNA gel electrophoresis band intensity as an additional minimally invasive approach in embryo selection: A cross-sectional study ارزیابی کاربرد شدت نوار ژل الکتروفورز DNA مایع بلاستوسل تکثیرشده به عنوان یک رویکرد کم تهاجمی اضافی در انتخاب جنین: یک مطالعه مقطعی 2 1 مقدمه: انتخاب جنین برای انتقال در درمان‌های کمک‌باروری اهمیت حیاتی دارد. وجود DNA در حفره بلاستوسل در بلاستوسیست­های انسانی به عنوان نتیجه‌ای از ناهنجاری‌های کروموزومی رایج پیش از لانه‌گزینی در نظر گرفته می‌شود. هدف: این مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین مقدار DNA مایع بلاستوسل (BF-DNA) و شدت نوار ژل الکروفورز BF-DNA تکثیرشده، با در نظر گرفتن اثر وضعیت پلوئیدی بر آن می‌پردازد. مواد و روش­ها: در این مطالعه مقطعی، جنین‌های بلاستوسیست بر اساس نتایج هیبریداسیون ژنومی مقایسه‌ای (aCGH) از طریق نمونه­برداری تروفواکتودرم به دو گروه یوپلوئید و آنوپلوئید تقسیم‌بندی شدند. پس از امتیازدهی مورفولوژیک، نمونه­برداری از مایع بلاستوسل برای تکثیر کل ژنوم انجام شد و سپس شدت نوار و میزان BF-DNA ارزیابی گردید. رابطه­ی بین مقدار BF-DNA، شدت نوار، وضعیت پلوئیدی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج: مقدار BF-DNA در گروه آنوپلوئید نسبت به گروه یوپلوئید بالاتر بود، اما رابطه معنی­داری بین آنها وجود نداشت (2/0 = p). ما مشاهده کردیم که شدت نوار تحت تأثیر وضعیت پلوئیدی جنین‌ها قرار می‌گیرد، اگرچه این تفاوت از نظر آماری معنی‌دار نبود (059/0 = p). تمام بلاستوسیست‌های آنوپلوئیدی که دچار از دست دادن کروموزوم بودند، نوارهای قوی‌ روی ژل نشان دادند. بین مورفولوژی جنین و پلوئیدی کروموزوم ارتباطی وجود نداشت (8/0 = p). نتیجه­ گیری: یافته‌های ما نشان می‌دهد که شدت نوار BF-DNA تکثیرشده در حال حاضر به‌عنوان یک روش برای ارزیابی کیفیت جنین قبل از لانه‌گزینی کاربرد ندارد. به نظر می­رسد جنین­های دچار از دست دادان کروموزوم، بیشتر مستعد رهاکردن DNA به BF هستند. عدم ارتباط مورفولوژی جنین با پلوئیدی نیاز به توسعه روش­های کم­تهاجمی غربالگری مبتنی بر وضعیت کروموزومی را نشان می­دهد. 2 Background: Embryo selection for transfer is critical in assisted reproduction. The presence of DNA in the blastocoel cavity of human blastocysts is assumed to be a consequence of common preimplantation chromosomal abnormalities. Objective: This study examined the relationship between the amount of blastocoel fluid (BF) DNA and the band intensity of amplified BF-DNA in gel electrophoresis, considering the influence of ploidy status. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study categorizes blastocysts into 2 groups based on the array comparative genomic hybridization results by trophectoderm biopsy -the euploid and aneuploid group. After morphological scoring, a biopsy of BF was performed for whole genome amplification, followed by an assessment of band intensity and BF-DNA quantification. The relationship between BF-DNA levels, band intensity, and ploidy status were analyzed. Results: The level of BF-DNA was higher in the aneuploid group compared to the euploid group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.2). We observed that the band intensity was affected by the ploidy status of the embryos, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.059). Notably, electrophoresis band of all embryos with chromosomal loss was strong. No correlation was observed between embryo morphology and chromosomal ploidy (p = 0.8). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that BF-DNA band intensity on agarose gel is not currently applicable for preimplantation embryo selection. It seems that embryos with chromosomal loss are more prone to DNA release to BF. The disrelation between embryo morphology and ploidy status represents the necessity of minimally invasive embryo screening methods based on ploidy status.  907 918 2024/03/122024/03/122023/07/72024/01/72024/07/132024/03/27 1403/1/8 2024/10/192024/10/232024/10/262024/11/162024/11/182024/11/28 1403/9/8 Fattaneh Khajehoseini Fattaneh Khajehoseini Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ایران Fa_skh@yahoo.com Zahra Noormohammadi Zahra Noormohammadi Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ایران marjannm@yahoo.com Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. ایران peyazdi50@gmail.com Hamid Gourabi Hamid Gourabi Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. ایران gourabi@royaninstitute.org Reza Pazhoomand Reza Pazhoomand Medical Genetics Laboratory, Shiraz Fertility Center, Shiraz, Iran. ایران pazhoomand@yahoo.com Shirzad Hosseinishenatal Shirzad Hosseinishenatal Department of Embryology, Shiraz Fertility Center, Shiraz, Iran. ایران shirzad.hoseini@gmail.com Masood Bazrgar Masood Bazrgar Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. ایران mbazrgar@royaninstitute.org Aneuploidy Blastocyst Blastocoel fluid Human embryo Preimplantation genetic testing. : آنوپلوئیدی بلاستوسیست مایع بلاستوسل جنین انسانی آزمایش ژنتیکی پیش از لانه‌گزینی. Homer HA. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A): The biology, the technology and the clinical outcomes. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 59: 317-324.##Gianaroli L, Albanese C, Tabanelli C, Crippa A, Magli MC. Blastocoel fluid biopsy. Reprod Fertil 2019; 1: 17-20.##Palini S, Galluzzi L, De Stefani S, Bianchi M, Wells D, Magnani M, et al. Genomic DNA in human blastocoele fluid. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 26: 603-610.##Leaver M, Wells D. Non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing (niPGT): The next revolution in reproductive genetics? Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26: 16-42.##Tobler KJ, Zhao Y, Ross R, Benner AT, Xu X, Du L, et al. Blastocoel fluid from differentiated blastocysts harbors embryonic genomic material capable of a whole-genome deoxyribonucleic acid amplification and comprehensive chromosome microarray analysis. Int J Fertil Steril 2015; 104: 418-425.##Schattman GL. Chromosomal mosaicism in human preimplantation embryos: Another fact that cannot be ignored. Int J Fertil Steril 2018; 109: 54-55.##Starostik MR, Sosina OA, McCoy RC. Single-cell analysis of human embryos reveals diverse patterns of aneuploidy and mosaicism. Genome Res 2020; 30: 814-825.##Bolton H, Graham SJ, Van der Aa N, Kumar P, Theunis K, Fernandez Gallardo E, et al. Mouse model of chromosome mosaicism reveals lineage-specific depletion of aneuploid cells and normal developmental potential. Nat Commun 2016; 7: 11165.##Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Pomante A, Crivello AM, Cafueri G, Valerio M, et al. Blastocentesis: A source of DNA for preimplantation genetic testing. Results from a pilot study. Fertil Steril 2014; 102: 1692-1699.##Magli MC, Pomante A, Cafueri G, Valerio M, Crippa A, Ferraretti AP, et al. Preimplantation genetic testing: Polar bodies, blastomeres, trophectoderm cells, or blastocoelic fluid? Fertil Steril 2016; 105: 676-683.##Zhang Y, Li N, Wang L, Sun H, Ma M, Wang H, et al. Molecular analysis of DNA in blastocoele fluid using next-generation sequencing. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33: 637-645.##Capalbo A, Romanelli V, Patassini C, Poli M, Girardi L, Giancani A, et al. Diagnostic efficacy of blastocoel fluid and spent media as sources of DNA for preimplantation genetic testing in standard clinical conditions. Fertil Steril 2018; 110: 870-879.##Tšuiko O, Zhigalina DI, Jatsenko T, Skryabin NA, Kanbekova OR, Artyukhova VG, et al. Karyotype of the blastocoel fluid demonstrates low concordance with both trophectoderm and inner cell mass. Fertil Steril 2018; 109: 1127-1134.##Hammond ER, Shelling AN, Cree LM. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in blastocoele fluid and embryo culture medium: Evidence and potential clinical use. Hum Reprod 2016; 31: 1653-1661.##Rubio C, Bellver J, Rodrigo L, Castillón G, Guillén A, Vidal C, et al. In vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidies in advanced maternal age: A randomized, controlled study. Fertil Steril 2017; 107: 1122-1129.##Magli MC, Albanese C, Crippa A, Tabanelli C, Ferraretti AP, Gianaroli L. Deoxyribonucleic acid detection in blastocoelic fluid: A new predictor of embryo ploidy and viable pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2019; 111: 77-85.##Antonouli S, Di Nisio V, Messini C, Daponte A, Rajender S, Anifandis G. A comprehensive review and update on human fertility cryopreservation methods and tools. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10: 1151254.##Rule K, Chosed RJ, Arthur Chang T, David Wininger J, Roudebush WE. Relationship between blastocoel cell-free DNA and day-5 blastocyst morphology. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35: 1497-1501.##García-Pascual CM, Navarro-Sánchez L, Ichikawa-Ceschin I, Bakalova D, Martínez-Merino L, Simón C, et al. Cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid analysis in preimplantation genetic testing. F S Sci 2023; 4: 7-16.##Bazrgar M, Gourabi H, Yazdi PE, Vazirinasab H, Fakhri M, Hassani F, et al. DNA repair signalling pathway genes are overexpressed in poor-quality pre-implantation human embryos with complex aneuploidy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 175: 152-156.##Vining LM, Zak LJ, Harvey SC, Harvey KE. The role of apoptosis in cryopreserved animal oocytes and embryos. Theriogenology 2021; 173: 93-101.##Nagy ZP, Shapiro D, Chang Ch-Ch. Vitrification of the human embryo: A more efficient and safer in vitro fertilization treatment. Int J Fertil Steril 2020; 113: 241-247.##Fesahat F, Montazeri F, Sheikhha MH, Saeedi H, Firouzabadi RD, Kalantar SM. Frequency of chromosomal aneuploidy in high quality embryos from young couples using preimplantation genetic screening. Int J Reprod BioMed 2017; 15: 297.##Rienzi L, Capalbo A, Stoppa M, Romano S, Maggiulli R, Albricci L, et al. No evidence of association between blastocyst aneuploidy and morphokinetic assessment in a selected population of poor-prognosis patients: A longitudinal cohort study. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 30: 57-66.##Zaninovic N, Irani M, Meseguer M. Assessment of embryo morphology and developmental dynamics by time-lapse microscopy: Is there a relation to implantation and ploidy? Fertil Steril 2017; 108: 722-729.## ##

The association between the amount of fetal fraction in cell-free DNA testing and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A cohort study ارتباط بین مقدار کسر جنین در آزمایش DNA بدون سلول و پیامدهای نامطلوب بارداری: یک مطالعه کوهورت 2 1 مقدمه: آزمایش غیرتهاجمی پری­ناتال روشی جدید برای غربالگری آنوپلوئیدی به نام DNA بدون سلول (cfDNA) است. کسر جنینی (FF) نقش مهمی در ارزیابی قابلیت اطمینان تشخیص آنوپلوئیدی از طریق آزمایش غیرتهاجمی پری­ناتال دارد. هدف: هدف ما بررسی ارتباط بین میزان FF در آزمایش cfDNA و پیامدهای نامطلوب بارداری بود. مواد و روش­ ها: این مطالعه کوهورت بر روی 619 زن باردار تک­قلو کاندید آزمایش cfDNA و مراجعه­کننده به کلینیک­های پریناتولوژی بیمارستان شریعتی و بیمارستان زنان آرش که هر دو وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران و واقع در تهران هستند، از اسفند 1397 تا تیرماه 1399 انجام شد. FF از نتایج آزمایش cfDNA استخراج شد و شرکت­کنندگان تا زمان زایمان پیگیری شدند. نتایج: مجموعاً 619 مادر با میانگین ± انحراف معیار 85/4 ± 4/34 سال برای سن و 59/3 ± 39/8 برای کسر جنینی در مطالعه حاضر شرکت کردند. ارتباط معنی­داری بین سن مادر و FF یافت نشد (12/0 = p)FF . پایین با افزایش بروز دیابت بارداری (02/0 = p) و FF بالا با افزایش بروز محدودیت رشد جنین (001/0 > p) همراه بود. با این حال FFبالا یا پایین، با پره­اکلامپسی، پارگی زودرس غشاها، وزن هنگام تولد، یا زمان زایمان ارتباطی نداشت. هیچ ارتباط   معنی­داری بین FF و MOM پروتئین پلاسما مرتبط با بارداری و گنادوتروپین جفتی آزاد β-انسانی یافت نشد. نتیجه­ گیری: مقدار FF ممکن است پیش­بینی­کننده برخی از پیامدهای نامطلوب بارداری در نظر گرفته شود. بنابراین مراقبت­های زایمان باید با دقت بیشتری برای زنان با FF بالا یا پایین انجام شود. 2 Background: Noninvasive perinatal testing is a new method of screening for aneuploidy called cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Fetal fraction (FF) plays a crucial role in assessing the reliability of aneuploidy detection through noninvasive perinatal testing. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between the amount of FF in cfDNA testing and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 619 singleton pregnant women who were candidates for cfDNA testing and were referred to the perinatology clinics of Shariati hospital and Arash Women’s hospital, both affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from March 2019 to June 2020. The FF was extracted from the cfDNA test results, and the participants were followed until delivery. Results: A total of 619 singleton pregnant women with a mean ± SD age and FF of 34.4 ± 4.85 and 8.39 ± 3.95, respectively, participated in the study. A significant association between maternal age and FF was not found (p = 0.12). A lower FF was associated with a rise in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (p = 0.02) and a higher FF was associated with a rise in the incidence of fetal growth restriction (p < 0.001). However, high or low FF was not associated with pre-eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, birth weight, or delivery time. No significant association was found between FF and multiple of the median of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin. Conclusion: The amount of FF may be considered a predictor of certain adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, maternity care should be performed more carefully for women with high or low FF. 919 926 2024/03/122024/03/122023/07/72024/01/72024/07/132024/03/272024/02/20 1402/12/1 2024/10/192024/10/232024/10/262024/11/162024/11/182024/11/282024/11/20 1403/8/30 Maryam Aryavand Maryam Aryavand Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ایران maryam.aryavand2015@gmail.com Maryam Nurzadeh Maryam Nurzadeh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ایران drnurzadeh@gmail.com Marjan Ghaemi Marjan Ghaemi Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ایران marjan_ghaemi@yahoo.com Sina Eskandari Delfan Sina Eskandari Delfan Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ایران sina_delfan@yahoo.com Vajiheh Marsoosi Vajiheh Marsoosi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ایران obstetricsgynecology.tums@gmail.com Noninvasive prenatal testing Cell-free DNA Pre-eclampsia. آزمایش غیرتهاجمی پره‌ناتال DNA بدون سلول پره‌اکلامپسی. Hui L, Bianchi DW. Fetal fraction and noninvasive prenatal testing: What clinicians need to know. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40: 155-163.##Duan H-L, Li J, Wang W-J, Cram DS, Liu W, Cao P-X, et al. Cell-free DNA test for pathogenic copy number variations: A retrospective study. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60: 1066-1071.##Mousavi S, Shokri Z, Bastani P, Ghojazadeh M, Riahifar S, Nateghian H. Factors affecting low fetal fraction in fetal screening with cell-free DNA in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22: 918.##Yuan X, Zhou L, Zhang B, Wang H, Yu B, Xu J. Association between low fetal fraction of cell free DNA at the early second-trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 22: 101-108.##Hestand MS, Bessem M, van Rijn P, de Menezes RX, Sie D, Bakker I, et al. Fetal fraction evaluation in non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS). Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27: 198-202.##Hou Y, Yang J, Qi Y, Guo F, Peng H, Wang D, et al. Factors affecting cell-free DNA fetal fraction: Statistical analysis of 13,661 maternal plasmas for non-invasive prenatal screening. Hum Genom 2019; 13: 62.##Becking EC, Wirjosoekarto SA, Scheffer PG, Huiskes JV, Remmelink MJ, Sistermans EA, et al. Low fetal fraction in cell‐free DNA testing is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome: Analysis of a subcohort of the TRIDENT‐2 study. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41: 1296-1304.##Shook LL, Clapp MA, Roberts PS, Bernstein SN, Goldfarb IT. High fetal fraction on first trimester cell-free DNA aneuploidy screening and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37: 8-13.##Scheffer PG, Wirjosoekarto SA, Becking EC, Weiss MM, Bax CJ, Oepkes D, et al. Association between low fetal fraction in cell‐free DNA testing and adverse pregnancy outcome: A systematic review. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41: 1287-1295.##Chan N, Smet ME, Sandow R, da Silva Costa F, McLennan A. Implications of failure to achieve a result from prenatal maternal serum cell‐free DNA testing: A historical cohort study. BJOG 2018; 125: 848-855.##Gerson KD, Truong S, Haviland MJ, O'Brien BM, Hacker MR, Spiel MH. Low fetal fraction of cell-free DNA predicts placental dysfunction and hypertensive disease in pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 16: 148-153.##Krishna I, Badell M, Loucks TL, Lindsay M, Samuel A. Adverse perinatal outcomes are more frequent in pregnancies with a low fetal fraction result on noninvasive prenatal testing. Prenatal Diagn 2016; 36: 210-215.##Zhao Ch, Tynan J, Ehrich M, Hannum G, McCullough R, Saldivar JS, et al. Detection of fetal subchromosomal abnormalities by sequencing circulating cell-free DNA from maternal plasma. Clin Chem 2015; 61: 608-616.##Dugoff L, Barberio A, Whittaker PG, Schwartz N, Sehdev H, Bastek JA. Cell-free DNA fetal fraction and preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215: 231.##Colley E, Devall AJ, Williams H, Hamilton S, Smith P, Morgan NV, et al. Cell-free DNA in the investigation of miscarriage. J Clin Med 2020; 9: 3428.##Golbasi H, Bayraktar B, Golbasi C, Omeroglu I, Adiyaman D, Alkan KO, et al. Association between fetal fraction of cell-free DNA and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310: 1037-1048.##Sifakis S, Koukou Z, Spandidos DA. Cell-free fetal DNA and pregnancy-related complications. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11: 2367-2372.##Hopkins MK, Koelper N, Bender W, Durnwald C, Sammel M, Dugoff L. Association between cell-free DNA fetal fraction and gestational diabetes. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40: 724-727.##Scott FP, Menezes M, Palma-Dias R, Nisbet D, Schluter P, da Silva Costa F, et al. Factors affecting cell-free DNA fetal fraction and the consequences for test accuracy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 31: 1865-1872.##Deng C, Liu J, Liu S, Liu H, Bai T, Jing X, et al. Maternal and fetal factors influencing fetal fraction: A retrospective analysis of 153,306 pregnant women undergoing noninvasive prenatal screening. Front Pediatr 2023; 11: 1066178.## ##

Outcomes of antibiotic therapy and transvaginal ultrasound-guided efficacy of transvaginal ultrasound-guided drainage in treating tubo-ovarian abscesses: Three case reports پیامد درمان آنتی‌بیوتیکی و اثربخشی درناژ ترانس واژینال تحت هدایت اولتراسوند در درمان آبسه‌های لوله‌ای تخمدان: سه گزارش مورد 2 1 مقدمه: برای معرفی روش­های کم­تهاجمی برای درمان موفقیت­آمیز آبسه­های لوله تخمدانی (TOAs)، استفاده از رژیم آنتی­بیوتیکی به عنوان اولین خط درمان در نظر گرفته شد. با این حال، در برخی موارد این روش با شکست مواجه می­شود و مداخله دیگری (لاپاراتومی یا درناژ) مورد نیاز است. مورد: سه زن با سابقه ناباروری طولانی مدت، همگی کاندید لقاح آزمایشگاهی بودند که با تظاهرات مشابه به بخش زنان و زایمان مراجعه کرده بودند. در  دو مورد آخرین مرحله درمان درناژ هدایت سونوگرافی ترانس واژینال و در یک مورد در ابتدا لاپاراتومی پس از شکست رژیم آنتی­بیوتیکی انجام شد، اما در هر     سه مورد بهترین نتیجه در درناژ هدایت سونوگرافی ترانس واژینال مشاهده شد. نتیجه­ گیری: بیمارانی که اندومتریومای تخمدان دارند و تحت سیکل ART قرار می­گیرند و همچنین OPU احتمال بروز TOA را در آنها افزایش می­دهد، استفاده از روش درناژ هدایت سونوگرافی ترانس واژینال برای درمان TOA در موارد انتخابی، علاوه بر آنتی­بیوتیک­های وسیع الطیف در بیماران ممکن است نیاز آنها به درمان تهاجمی با لاپاراتومی کاهش دهد. 2 Background: To introduce minimally invasive methods for the successful treatment of tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOAs), an antibiotic regimen was considered the first line of treatment. However, in some cases, this approach fails, and another intervention (laparotomy or minimally guidance drainage) is required. Case Presentations: 3 women with a history of long-time infertility, all of them were candidates for in vitro fertilization referred to the obstetrics and gynecology department with similar manifestations. For these 3 cases (30-40 yr) the first approach was a broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. In 2 cases the last step in treatment was transvaginal ultrasound guidance drainage, and in one case laparotomy was done after antibiotic regimen failure; however, in all of 3 cases the best results were seen in transvaginal ultrasound guidance drainage. Conclusion: Patients who have ovarian endometrioma and undergo an assisted reproductive technology cycle, as well as ovum pick up, increase the possibility of TOA occurrence in them. The use of transvaginal ultrasound guidance drainage approach for the treatment of TOA in selective cases, in addition to broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients might reduce their need for invasive treatment with laparotomy. 927 934 2024/03/122024/03/122023/07/72024/01/72024/07/132024/03/272024/02/202024/05/7 1403/2/18 2024/10/192024/10/232024/10/262024/11/162024/11/182024/11/282024/11/202024/11/20 1403/8/30 Zahra Heidar Zahra Heidar Clinical Research Developement Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ایران Dr_zheidar@yahoo.com Tayebeh Esfidani Tayebeh Esfidani Clinical Research Developement Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ایران esfidani.tayebeh@gmail.com Atefeh Moridi Atefeh Moridi Clinical Research Developement Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ایران moridi59@gmail.com Mahtab Anvari Mahtab Anvari Clinical Research Developement Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ایران drmahtab90@gmail.com Abscess Ovarian Drainage Ultrasonography Endometrioma. آبسه تخمدان درناژ سونوگرافی اندومتریوما. Tao X, Ge Sh-Q, Chen L, Cai L-S, Hwang M-F, Wang Ch-L. Relationships between female infertility and female genital infections and pelvic inflammatory disease: A population-based nested controlled study. Clinics 2018; 73: e364.##Fouks Y, Cohen A, Shapira U, Solomon N, Almog B, Levin I. Surgical intervention in patients with tubo-ovarian abscess: Clinical predictors and a simple risk score. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019; 26: 535-543.##Mirghaderi P, Gholamshahi H, Jahromi A, Iranmehr A, Dabbagh-Ohadi MA, Eshraghi N. Unexpected positive culture (UPC) in adults revision spine surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, risk factors, and management. Eur Spine J 2024; 33: 3129-3147.##Fouks Y, Cohen Y, Tulandi T, Meiri A, Levin I, Almog B, et al. Complicated clinical course and poor reproductive outcomes of women with tubo-ovarian abscess after fertility treatments. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019; 26: 162-168.##Fei YF, Lawrence AE, McCracken KA. Tubo-ovarian abscess in non-sexually active adolescent girls: A case series and literature review. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34: 328-333.##Farid H, Lau TC, Karmon AE, Styer AK. Clinical characteristics associated with antibiotic treatment failure for tuboovarian abscesses. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2016; 2016: 5120293.##Inal ZO, Inal HA, Gorkem U. Experience of tubo-ovarian abscess: A retrospective clinical analysis of 318 patients in a single tertiary center in middle Turkey. Surg Infect 2018; 19: 54-60.##Sharami SH, Rafiei Sorouri Z, Farzadi S, Hosseinzadeh F, Etezadi A, Bab Eghbal S, et al. The association of sociodemographic factors and history of chronic diseases on menopausal symptoms: A cross‐sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7: e2103.##Chu L, Ma H, Liang J, Li L, Shen A, Wang J, et al. Effectiveness and adverse events of early laparoscopic therapy versus conservative treatment for tubo-ovarian or pelvic abscess: A single-center retrospective cohort study. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2019; 84: 334-342.##Shayan S, Osgoei LT, Jouni FJ. Effect of capecitabine and melatonin on HER2+ (SK-BR-3) and HER2-(MCF7) human breast cancer cell lines. Tropical J Pharm Res 2023; 22: 1387-1393.##Hakim J, Childress KJ, Hernandez AM, Bercaw-Pratt JL. Tubo-ovarian abscesses in nonsexually active adolescent females: A large case series. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65: 303-305.##Mabrouk M, Borghese G, Esposti ED, Raimondo D, Remorgida V, Arena A, et al. Acute abdominal pain in non-pregnant endometriotic patients: Not just dysmenorrhoea: A systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 41: 7-20.##Charonis G, Larsson P-G. Prolonged use of intrauterine contraceptive device as a risk factor for tubo-ovarian abscess. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009; 88: 680-684.##Coutureau J, Mandoul C, Verheyden C, Millet I, Taourel P. Acute abdominal pain in women of reproductive age: Keys to suggest a complication of endometriosis. Insights Imaging 2023; 14: 94.##Greenstein Y, Shah AJ, Vragovic O, Cabral H, Soto-Wright V, Borgatta L, et al. Tuboovarian abscess. Factors associated with operative intervention after failed antibiotic therapy. J Reprod Med 2013; 58: 101-106.##Goje O, Markwei M, Kollikonda S, Chavan M, Soper DE. Outcomes of minimally invasive management of tubo-ovarian abscess: A systematic review. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021; 28: 556-564.##Zhu S, Ballard E, Khalil A, Baartz D, Amoako A, Tanaka K. Impact of early surgical management on tubo-ovarian abscesses. J Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 41: 1097-1101.## ##