2013 11 9 0 0

Protective effects of L-carnitine and homogenized testis tissue on the testis and sperm parameters of busulfan-induced infertile male rats اثرات محافظتی داروی ال-کارنیتین و بافت هموژنیزه بیضه بر پارامترهای بیضه و اسپرمِ موش‌های صحرایی نر بالغ نابارور شده توسط بوسولفان 2 1 مقدمه: بوسولفان یک داروی شیمیایی با کاربرد گسترده برای درمان سرطان می­باشد. تجویز بوسولفان به بیماران مرد مبتلا به سرطان بدخیم می­تواند منجر به ناباروری دائم یا موقت در آن­ها گردد. انجام این تحقیق در زمینه مواد یا داروهای مؤثر در کاهش عوارض جانبی بوسولفان بر سیستم تولیدمثلی، به نظر ضروریست. هدف: در این مطالعه اثرات حفاظتی داروی L-carnitine و بافت هموژنیزه بیضه بر سیستم تولیدمثلی موش­های صحرایی بالغ به دنبال تجویز بوسولفان بررسی شده است. مواد و روش­ها: در این مطالعه 20 رأس موش صحرایی نر بالغ نژاد Sprague-Dawly به چهار گروه 5 تایی تقسیم شدند. حیوانات گروه کنترل در روز اول آزمایش، حلال بوسولفان (DMSO) را به صورت داخل صفاقی (IP) و از روز دوم به مدت 48 روز آب مقطر(IP) به میزان cc1 دریافت نمودند. حیوانات در گروه‌های آزمایش اول، دوم و سوم در روز اول آزمایش، mg/kg 10 بوسولفان و سپس از روز دوم، به­ترتیب cc1 آب مقطر (IP)، بافت هموژنیزه بیضه (PO) و mg/kg 100 داروی ال-کارنتین (IP) را به مدت 48 روز دریافت نمودند. در انتهای دوره آزمایش، از تکنیک­های استریولوژی به منظور بررسی حجم بیضه،  لوله­های اسپرم ساز و بافت بینابینی، طول و قطر لوله­های اسپرم­ساز، ارتفاع اپیتلیوم زایا، طول تاژک اسپرم و تعداد کل بعضی از سلول­های رده اسپرماتوژنیک استفاده شد. همچنین تکنیک­های آنالیز اسپرم، برای بررسی پارامترهای اسپرم به­کار گرفته شد. نتایج: بر اساس این تحقیق، طول تاژک اسپرم و تعداد اسپرم­ها، در حیوانات تحت درمان با L-carnitne و بافت هموژنیزه بیضه بعد از تجویز بوسولفان، به طور معنی­داری در مقایسه با گروه دریافت­کننده بوسولفان به تنهایی، افزایش یافته بود. بافت هموژنیزه بیضه منجر به افزایش حجم (5/6%) و وزن بیضه (6/8%)، حجم لوله­ها و بافت بینابینی (به ترتیب 9/6% و 7/11%)، قطر لوله­های اسپرم ساز (8/3%)، ارتفاع اپیتلیوم زایا (13%) و تعداد اسپرم­ها (5/7%) و کاهش تعداد اسپرم با مورفولوژی غیر طبیعی (1%) در مقایسه با گروه تحت درمان با L-carnitine گردید. نتیجه­گیری: به نظر می­رسد، کاربرد L-carnitine و بافت هموژنیزه بیضه بعد از تجویز بوسولفان منجر به کاهش برخی از عوارض جانبی این دارو بر سیستم تولیدمثلی موش نر می­گردد. با وجود این، مطالعه ما نشان داد که بافت هموژنیزه بیضه در کاهش عوارض جانبی بوسولفان و بهبودی پارامترهای بیضه و اسپرم بعد از تجویز این دارو در مقایسه با داروی L-carnitine مؤثرتر می باشد. 2 Background: Busulfan (Bus) is a chemotherapy drug that is widely used for cancer treatment. However, administration of busulfan may cause temporary or permanent sterility in male patients. Therefore, reduction of this side is necessary. Objective: evaluation of the protective effects of L-carnitine and testis homogenized tissue (THT) on sperm parameters and the testis structure after busulfan treatment. Materials and Methods: Twenty rats were divided four groups. Group I (Control) received a single dose of DMSO and 1mL of distilled water (I.P.). Group II (Bus) received a single of busulfan (10 mg/kg) plus 1 ml of the distilled water (I.P.). Group III (Bus+THT) received busulfan plus 1mL of THT daily by oral gavages. Group IV (Bus+L-car) received a single dose of busulfan plus 100 mg/kg/day L-carnitine (I.P.). After 48 dayst, the Stereological technique was used for the estimating volume and diameter of testis, seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue, flagella length, germinal epithelium height and spermatoginic cell number. Semen analysis was used for the assessment of sperm parameters. Results: THT increased volume of testis (6.5%), seminiferous tubule and interstitial tissue volume (6.5%, 6.9% and 11.7% respectively), germinal epithelium height (13%), sperm count (7.5%), and decreased sperm with abnormal morphology (1%) in comparison with the L-carnitine in busulfan treated group. Conclusion: It seems the use of L-carnitine and THT decreases side effects of busulfan on the male reproductive system. However, in our study, THT is more effective than L-carnitine and leads to the recovery testis structure and sperm parameters after treatment with busulfan. 693 0 2017/10/1 1396/7/9 2018/03/10 1396/12/19 فرزانه دهقانی Farzaneh Dehghani Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ایران اشرف حسن پور Ashraf Hassanpour Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ایران Ashraf.hassanpour@Yahoo.com اقدس پوست پسند Aghdas Poost-pasand Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ایران علی نورافشان Ali Noorafshan Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ایران سعید کربلایی دوست Saeid Karbalay-Doust Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ایران Sperm L-carnitine Busulfan Testis Fertility اسپرم ال-کارنیتین بوسولفان بیضه باروری. Bishop JB, Wassom JS. Toxicological review of busulfan (Myleran). Mutat Res 1986; 168: 15-45.##Bucci LR, Meistrich ML. Effects of busulfan on murine spermatogenesis: cytotoxicity, sterility, sperm abnormalities, and dominant lethal mutations. Mutat Res 1987; 176: 259-268.##Howell SJ, Shalet SM. Testicular function following chemotherapy. Hum Reprod Update 2001; 7: 363-369.##Howell SJ, Radford JA, Ryder WD, Shalet SM. Testicular function after cytotoxic chemotherapy: evidence of Leydig cell insufficiency. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 1493-1498. 5. Meistrich ML. Male gonadal toxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53: 261-266.##Meistrich ML. Male gonadal toxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53: 261-266.##Mohammadghasemi F, Faghani M, Falah Karkan M. The protective effect of melatonin on sperm parameters, epididymis and seminal vesicle morphology in adult mouse treated with busulfan. J Iran Anat Sci 2010; 8: 25-36.##Perez-Crespo M, Pericuesta E, Perez-Cerezales S, Arenas MI, Lobo MV, Diaz-Gil JJ, et al. Effect of liver growth factor on both testicular regeneration and recovery of spermatogenesis in busulfan-treated mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9: 21.##Agarwal A, Said TM. Carnitines and male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8: 376-384.##Bremer J. Carnitine-metabolism and function. Physiol Res 1983; 63: 1420-1480.##Izgut-Uysal VN, Agac A, Derin N, Effect of L-carnitine on carrageenan-induced inflammation in aged rats. Gerontology 2003; 49: 287-292.##Ferrari R, Merli E, Cicchitelli G, Mele D, Fucili A, Ceconi C. Therapeutic effects of L-carnitine and ropionyl-L-carnitine on cardiovascular diseases: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1033: 79-91.##Onem G, Aral E, Enli Y, Oguz EO, Coskun E, Aybek H, et al. Neuroprotective effects of L-carnitine and vitamin E alone or in combination against. J Surg Res 2006; 131: 124-130.##Boerrigter ME, Franceschi C, Arrigoni-Martelli E, Wei JY, Vijg J. The effect of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on the disappearance of DNA single-strand breaks in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Carsinogenesis 1993; 14: 2131-2136.##Moretti S, Famularo G, Marcellini S, Boschini A, Santini G, Trinchieri V, et al. L-carnitine reduces lymhocyte apoptosis and oxidant stres in HIV-1-infected subjects treated with zidovudine and didanosine. Antioxid Redox Signal 2002; 4: 391-403.##Khademi A, Safdarian L, Alleyassin A, Agha-Hosseini M, Akbari Hamed E, Saeidi Saeidabadi H, et al. The effect of L-carnitine on sperm parameters in patients candidated for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. Iran J Reprod Med 2004; 2: 65-69.##Grollman A, Williams JR, Harrison TR. Effects of renal extract on hypertension. Bull N Y Acad Med 1942; 18: 190-199.##Tanzer RC. The Effect of Testicle Extract on the Growth of Transplantable Mouse Tumors. J Exp Med 1932; 55: 455-463.##De Rooij DG, Van Dissel-Emiliani FM, Van Pelt AM. Regulation of spermatogonial proliferation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1989; 564: 140-153.##Saki G, Rahim F, Alizadeh K. Effect of forced swimming stress on count, motility and fertilization capacity of the sperm in adult rats. J Hum Reprod Sci 2009; 2: 72-75.##Elias H, Hyde DM. An elementary introduction to stereology (quantitative microscopy). Am J Anat 1980; 159: 412-446.##Seed J, Chapin RE, Clegg ED, Dostal LA, Foote RH, Hurtt ME, et al. Methods for assessing sperm motility, morphology, and counts in the rat, rabbit, and dog: a consensus report. ILSI Risk Science Institute Expert Working Group on Sperm Evaluation. Reprod Toxicol 1996; 10: 237-244.##Anjamrooz SH, Movahedin M, Mowla SJ, Bairanvand SP. Assessment of morphological and functional changes in the mouse testis and epididymal sperms following busulfan treatment. Iran Biomed J 2007; 11: 15-22.##Zhengwei Y, McLachlan RI, Bremner WJ, Wreford NG. Quantitative (stereological) study of the normal spermatogenesis in the adult monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J Androl 1997; 18: 681-687.##Bar-Shira Maymon B, Yogev L, Marks A, Hauser R, Botchan A, Yavetz H. Sertoli cell inactivation by cytotoxic damage to the human testis after cancer chemotherapy. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 1391-1394.##Vecino P, Uranga JA, Arechaga J. Suppression of spermatogenesis for cell transplantation in adult mice. Protoplasma 2001; 217: 191-198.##Udagawa K, Ogawa T, Watanabe T, Yumura Y, Takeda M, Hosaka M. GnRH analog, leuprorelin acetate, promotes regeneration of rat spermatogenesis after severe chemical damage. Int J Urol 2001; 8: 615-622.##Lenzi A, Sgro P, Salacone P, Paoli D, Gilio B, Lombardo F, et al. A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial of the use of combined l-carnitine and l-acetyl-carnitine treatment in men with asthenozoospermia. 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Perinatal outcomes of pregnancies with borderline versus normal amniotic fluid index مقایسه نتایج حاملگی باشاخص مایع آمنیوتیک طبیعی با بینابینی 2 1 مقدمه: مایع آمنیوتیک به عنوان شاخصی مؤثر از عملکرد جفت بر تکامل جنینی است.  اندازه­گیری شاخص مایع آمنیوتیک شایعترین روش برای اندازه گیری مایع آمنیوتیک است. هدف: این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه نتایج حاملگی مادران با شاخص مایع آمنیوتیک طبیعی با بینابینی انجام شد. مواد و روش­ها: این مطالعه مقطعی با گروه کنترل به طورگذشته­نگر بر روی 235 مادر باردار مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان الزهرا (س) در طی یکسال انجام شد. زنان حامله ترایمستر سوم حاملگی تک قلو در دو گروه، یک گروه 141 زن با AFI طبیعی (24-10سانتیمتر) وگروه دیگر 94 زن با AFI بینابینی (10-5 سانتیمتر) وارد مطالعه شدند.  کلیه اطلاعات از پرونده­های مادران استخراج شد و دو گروه از نظر نتایج مادری و جنینی با هم مقایسه شدند. داده ها با استفاده از SPSS آنالیز شد. نتایج: میانگین سنی مادارن با AFI بینابینی 5/92±25/96 و در مادران با AFI طبیعی 6/5± 27/88 سال بود که بین دو گروه اختلاف معنی­دار آماری وجود داشت (p=0/023). با ثابت نگه داشتن اثر سن مادر، عوارض مادری مانند زایمان زودرس و القای زایمان در مادران با AFI بینابینی بیشتر مشاهده شد (0/001=p و 0/01=p). به طورکلی میزان دیابت، فشار خون بالا، پره اکلامپسی و دیسترس نوزادی در دو گروه اختلاف معنی­دار آماری نداشت. ولی آپگار دقیقه پنجم زیر 7 (0.004=IUGR،( p  (p=0/0001)، وزن پایین بدو تولد نوزاد (p=0/001) و پذیرش در بخش مراقبت­های ویژه نوزادان (p=0/003) با اختلاف معنی­داری در گروه با AFI بینابینی بالاتر بود. نتیجه­گیری: یافته­ها نشان داد که تفاوت آماری معنی­داری در ایجاد نتایج نامطلوب حاملگی در زنان با AFI بینابینی در مقایسه با گروه AFI نرمال وجود دارد. 2 Background: Amniotic fluid is an indicator of placental function on the fetal development. The amniotic fluid index is the most commonly used method of measuring amniotic fluid. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcomes of a borderline versus normal AFI. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 235 pregnant women referred to Alzahra Medical Center between 2009-2011. Women with a singleton pregnancy in third trimester were enrolled into this study; of these subjects, 141 cases were in normal AFI group and 94 cases in borderline AFI group. Adequate information was obtained from the patients' medical record and the groups were compared on maternal and fetal complications. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS. Results: The mean maternal age in borderline AFI group was 25.96±5.92 years and in normal AFI group was 27.88±6.5 years (p=0.023). Maternal outcomes such as preterm delivery and labor induction in women with borderline AFI were considerably higher than those in normal group (p=0.01 and p=0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of high blood pressure, preeclampsia, diabetes and neonatal respiratory distress. The borderline AFI group had higher rate of neonatal complications such as Apgar score of less than 7 (p=0.004), IUGR (0.0001), LBW (0.001), and crucial need to NICU (0.003). Conclusion: Findings indicated that there are statistical differences between adverse outcomes in borderline AFI group and normal group. 705 0 2017/10/12017/10/1 1396/7/9 2018/03/102018/03/10 1396/12/19 مریم اصغرنیا Maryam Asgharnia Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ایران رویا فرجی Roya Faraji Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ایران royafaraji1371@yahoo.com فاطمه سلامت Fatemeh Salamat Vice-chancellorship for Research, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ایران بابک اشرف خانی Babak Ashrafkhani Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ایران سیده فاطمه دلیل حیرتی Seyedeh Fatemeh Dalil Heirati Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ایران سمیرا نعیمیان Samira Naimian Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ایران Borderline Amniotic fluid index Pregnancy outcome Pregnancy complication شاخص مایع آمنیوتیک بینابینی نتایج حاملگی عوارض مادری و جنینی. Magann EF, Chauhan SP, Hitt WC, Dubil EA, Morrison JC. Borderline or marginalamniotic fluid index and peri-partum outcomes: a review of the literature. J Ultrasound Med 2011; 30: 523-528.##Ali HS. Assessment of amniotic fluid index in normal pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital setting. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2009; 21: 149-151.##Karim R, Jabeen S, Pervaiz F, Wahab S, Yasmeen S, Raees M. Decreased amniotic fluid index and adverse pregnancy outcome at term. JPMI 2010; 4: 307-311.##Voxman EG, Tran S, Wing DA. Low amniotic fluid index as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome. J Perinatol 2002; 22: 282-185.##Pankaj D, Purvi P, Anjali G. Decrease of amniotic fluid index in low- risk pregnancy. Any significance? J Obstet Gynecol Ind 2004; 54: 464-466.##Magann EF, Chauhan SP, Bofill JA, Martin JN Jr. Comparability of the amniotic fluid index and single deepest pocket measurements in clinical practice. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2003; 43: 75-77.##Anderson D, Yang Q, Hohimer A, Faber J, Gi Raud G, Davi SL. Int r amembranous absorption rate is unaffected by changes in amniotic fluid composition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 288: 964-968.##Phelan JP, Smith CV, Broussard P, Small M. Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36-42 weeks' gestation. J Reprod Med 1987; 32: 540-542.##Rutherford SE, Phelan JP, Smith CV, Jacobs N. The 4 quadrant assessment of amniotic fluid volume: An adjunct to antepartum fetal heart rate testing. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 70: 353-356.##Kwon JY, Kwon HS, Kim YH, Park YW. Abnormal Doppler velocimetry is related to adverse pregnancy outcome for borderline amniotic fluid index in the third trimester. J Obstet Gynecol Res 2006; 32: 545-549.##Haas DM, Magann EF. External cephalic version with an amniotic fluid index <or =10: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2005; 18: 249-252.##Gumus II, Koktener A, Turhan NO. Perinatal outcome of pregnancies with borderline amniotic fluid index. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2007; 276: 17-19.##Banks EH, Miller DA. Perinatal risks associated with borderline amniotic fluid index. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 180: 1461-1463.##Baron C, Morgan MA, Garite TJ. The impact of amniotic fluid volume assessed intrapartum on perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173: 167-174.##Akhter H, Guha K, Daisy KP. Amniotic Fluid Index in High Risk Pregnancies and Pregnancy Outcome. Dinajpur Med Col J 2010; 3: 1-5.##Petrozella LN, Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ. Clinical significance of borderline amniotic fluid index and oligohydramnios in preterm pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117: 338-342.##Luo X, Huang Y, Liang R. [Analysis of 196 cases of trial of labor with borderline oligohydramnios assessed by ultrasound. Zhonghua Fu Chan KeZaZhi 1988; 33: 585-587. (In Chinese)##Locatelli A, Zagarella A, Toso L, Assi F, Ghidini A, Biffi A. Serial assessment of amniotic fluid index in uncomplicated term pregnancies: prognostic value of amniotic fluid reduction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2004; 15: 233-236.##Manslow AS, Sweeny AL. Elective induction of labor as a risk factor for cesarean delivery among low-risk women at term. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95: 917-922.##Cammu H, Martens G, Ruyssinck G, Amy JJ. Outcome after elective labor induction in nulliparous women: a matched cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186: 240-244.##Ehrenthal SB, Jiang X, Strobino DM. Labor induction and the risk of a cesarean delivery among nulliparous women. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116: 35-42.##Ott WJ. Reevaluation of the relationship between amniotic fluid volume and perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192: 1803-1809.##Youssef AA, Abdulla SA, Sayed EH, Salem HT, Abdelalim AM, DevoeLD. Superiority of amniotic fluid index over amniotic fluid pocket measurement for predicting bad fetal outcome. South Med J 1993; 86: 426-429.## ##

Effects of glycowithanolides on lipid peroxidation and lipofuscinogenesis in male reproductive organs of mice اثرات glycowithanolides بر پراکسیداسیون لیپید و lipofuscinogenesis در ارگان های تولیدمثلی موش 2 1 مقدمه: Glycowithanolides (Withaferin A) یکی از موارد اصلی و فعال ویتانولید جدا شده از گیاه Withania somnifera می­باشد و گفته شده که خاصیت aphrodisiac، مسکن، جوان­کننده و طولانی­کننده عمر دارد. هدف: در مطالعه حاضر خاصیت آنتی اکسیدان موارد اصلی Withania somnifera بر ضد استرس اکسیداتیو تولیدشده به­وسیله D-galactose در بیضه، اپی دیدیم و سمینال وزیکول موش تست شد. مواد و روش­ها: برای مطالعه حاضر موش­های نر سفید سوییسی (Linn) استفاده شد. آن­ها به گروه­های 1) کنترل، 2) D-galactose، 3) حفاظت شده و 4) درمان شده تقسیم شدند. استرس اکسیداتیو در موش­های 6 ماهه به وسیله دوز پایین D-galactose ایجاد شد. خاصیت ضداکسیدانی عصاره گیاه در بیضه، اپیدیدیم و سمینال وزیکول موش­های استرس داده شده به وسیله لیپید پراکسید (LPO) و محصولات فلورسنت بررسی شد. نتایج: در مطالعه حاضر هم لیپید پراکسید و محصولات فلورسنت میتوکندریایی و کامل در بیضه، اپیدیدیم و سمینال وزیکول در موش­های تحت درمان با       D-galactose افزایش یافت. بعد از درمان با glycowithanolides به میزان معنی­داری کاهش در لیپیدپراکسید و محصولات فلورسنت میتوکندریایی و کلی در گروه­های حفاظت شده درمان شده دیده شد. نتیجه­گیری: نتایج ما نشان داد که Withania somniferaتوانایی حفاظت در مقابل استرس اکسسیداتیو را دارا بوده و می­تواند با ناباروری ایجاد شده بر اثر استرس مقابله کند.   2 Background: Glycowithanolides (Withaferin A), is one of the main withanolides active principle isolated from plant Withania somnifera and is claimed that it possess the aphrodisiac, sedative, rejuvenate and life prolonging properties. Objective: In the present investigation, antioxidant activity of active principles of Withania somnifera was tested against D-galactose induced oxidative stress in mouse testes, epididymis and seminal vesicle. Materials and Methods: For the present investigation Swiss male albino mice Mus musculus (Linn) were used. They were grouped in to control (I), D-galactose treated (II), protective (III) and curative groups (IV). Oxidative stress was induced in six month old mice by injecting a low dose of D-galactose. Antioxidant effect of plant extract was studied in testes, epididymis, and seminal vesicle of oxidative stressed mice on Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and fluorescence product. Results: In the present study, both total as well as mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and fluorescence product in testes, epididymis and seminal vesicle were increased in D-galactose induced mice. After the treatment of glycowithanolides there was significantly decrease in total as well as mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and fluorescence product in protective and curative groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that Withania somnifera has a capability of preventing oxidative stress and also combating stress induced infertility. 711 0 2017/10/12017/10/12017/10/1 1396/7/9 2018/03/102018/03/102018/03/10 1396/12/19 Madhuri Walvekar Madhuri Walvekar Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India Nilofar Shaikh Nilofar Shaikh Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India nilofarshaikh20@rediffmail.com Priti Sarvalkar Priti Sarvalkar Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India Withania somnifera Antioxidant Lipid peroxidation Cytoplasmic granules Testes Epididymis Seminal vesicle. Withania somnifera آنتی اکسیدان لیپیدپراکسید Lipofuscin granules بیضه اپیدیدیم سمینال وزیکول. Beauchamp C, Fridovich I. 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Effect of weight status on pregnancy outcome in intra cytoplasmic sperm injection اثر وزن بر روی نتایج حاملگی در تزریق داخل سیتوپلاسمی اسپرم 2 1 مقدمه: یک افزایش در تعداد زنان نابارور چاق جهت درمان ناباروری مانند IVF و ICSI وجود دارد. آگاهی در مورد اثر BMI روی نتایج باروری می­تواند در مواجهه با این بیماران کمک­کننده باشد. هدف: هدف از انجام این مطالعه مقایسه نتایج باروری در زنان با BMI متفاوت بعد از ICSI بود. مواد و روش­ها: مطالعه به روش Quasi بر روی 323 زن بین ژوئن 2010 تا آگوست 2011 انجام شد. زنان بر اساس BMI به گروه­های زیر وزن             (kg/m2 18>BMI)، وزن نرمال (kg/m2 18-22/9= BMI)، افزایش وزن (kg/m2 23-25/9= BMI) و چاق (kg/m2 26≤BMI) تقسیم شدند. درمان شامل down regulation تخمدان­ها، تحریک کنترل شده تخمدان­ها، ترویج تخمک­گذاری با hCG، برداشتن تخمک، IVF و ترانسفر جنین بود. وضعیت       اووسیت و امبریو در تمام گروه­های BMI با تست ANOVA مقایسه شد. نتایج حاملگی شامل: عدم حاملگی با IU/ml 5>βhCG، حاملگی پره کلینیکال و سقط با IU/ml 5<βhCG و عدم فعالیت قبلی در روند حاملگی کلینیکال با IU/ml 5<βhCG و فعالیت قبلی در روند بود. نتایج: خانم­های با BMI 23-25/9kg/m2 دارای تعداد حداکثر اووسیت­های به­دست آمده، لقاح، لانه­گزینی و حاملگی کلینیکال در مقایسه با خانم­های ‏kg/m2 26≤BMI بودند. نتیجه­گیری: میزان cut off بر روی BMI در حدود 26 می­باشد که در ارتباط با اثرات منفی بر روی نتایج حاملگی است.  2 Background: There has been an increase in number of obese infertile females booked for advanced infertility treatment procedures like in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The knowledge of impact of body mass index (BMI) on reproductive outcome can help to counsel these patients. Objective: To compare reproductive outcome in females of different BMI after ICSI. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 323 females was conducted from June 2010 till August 2011. Females were grouped on the basis of BMI; underweight, (BMI <18 kg/m2), normal weight, (BMI 18-22.9 kg/m2) overweight (BMI 23-25.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥26 kg/m2). The procedure involved down regulation of ovaries, controlled ovarian stimulation, ovulation induction by hCG, oocyte pickup, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer of blastocysts. The oocyte yield and embryological data of all BMI groups was compared by ANOVA (analysis of variance). Pregnancy outcome of these was categorized as; no conception βhCG <5 m IU/ml, preclinical abortion with βhCG >5 m IU/ml, no cardiac activity on trans vaginal scan (TVS) and clinical pregnancy with βhCG >5mIU/ml and cardiac activity on trans vaginal scan. Results: Females with BMI 23-25.99 kg/m2 had maximum oocyte retrieval, fertilization, implantation and clinical pregnancy rates in comparison to obese females with BMI ≥26 kg/m2. Conclusion: A BMI cut off value of above 26 kg/m2 in our study population is associated with a negative impact on pregnancy outcome. 717 0 2017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/1 1396/7/9 2018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/10 1396/12/19 Rehana Rehman Rehana Rehman Department of Physiology, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan Zahir Hussain Zahir Hussain Department of Physiology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom Saudia Arabia zahussai@yahoo.ca Syeda Sadia Fatima Syeda Sadia Fatima Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Body mass index Controlled ovarian stimulation Gonadotrophin -releasing hormone agonists Embryo transfer. تزریق داخل سیتوپلاسمی اسپرم شاخص توده بدنی تحریک کنترل شده تخمدان هورمون های آزادکننده گنادوتروپین آگونیست انتقال جنین. Butler D. The fertility riddle. Nature 2004; 432: 38-39.##Linne Y. 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The clinical characteristics and etiological study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese women with PCOS مطالعه مشخصات بالینی و اتیولوژیکی کبد چرب غیرالکلی (NAFLD) در زنان چینی با سندروم تخمدان پلی کیستیک (PCOS) 2 1 مقدمه: سندروم تخمدان پلی­کیستیک (PCOS) به میزان زیادی با بیماری کبد چرب غیر الکلی (NAFLD) ارتباط دارد که این به دلیل ارتباط هر دو بیماری با مقاومت به انسولین می­باشد. تفاوت­های بسیار زیادی در تظاهرات بالینی، تغییرات پاتولوژیکی و تغییرات تخمدان در زنان PCOS وجود دارد. هدف: هدف از انجام مطالعه بررسی شیوع و مشخصات بالینی NAFLD تشخیص داده شده به­وسیله سونوگرافی و پس از حذف بیماری­های الکلی کبد در بیماران چینی با PCOS بود. مواد و روش­ها: زنان نابارور با PCOS (602 نفر)  و گروه کنترل همچنین PCOS  (588 نفر) مطالعه شدند. اندوکرین­های بازال، تست تحمل گلوکز خوراکی، میزان ترشح انسولین، میزان لیپیدها، فشار خون و BMI اندازه­گیری شد. بیوشیمی کبد، هپاتیت B و C بررسی شد. نتایج: NAFLD به­طور معناداری در زنان با PCOS بیشتر از گروه کنترل بود 32/9% در مقابل 18/5%) که شامل 113 مورد ضعیف (57/1%)، 75 مورد بینابینی (37/8%)، و 10 مورد شدید (5/1%) بود. میزان LH به­طور معناداری در بیماران PCOS با NAFLD پایین­تر از بیماران بدون NAFLD بود. در بیماران PCOS شیوع و شهرت NAFLD با BMI افزایش یافت. در گروه PCOS اندکس­های کبدی به­طور معناداری بالاتر و اندکس­های کنترل حساسیت انسولین و کلسترول HDL به­طور معناداری پایین بود. مقاومت به انسولین، چاقی شکمی، دیابت، تست تحمل گلوکز غیرطبیعی، عملکرد نیمه طبیعی کبد، دیس لیپیدمیا، فشارخون و سندروم­های متابولیک به­طور معناداری در گروه NAFLD بالاتر از گروه کنترل بود. شیوع NAFLD در زنان با PCOS در ارتباط با میزان استروژن نبود. نتیجه­گیری: زنان چینی با PCOS شیوع بالاتری از NAFLD به­خصوص نوع جفت و بینابینی را نشان دادند که گرچه ارتباط با هیپراندروژنیسم نبود اما با BMI ارتباط داشت. مقاومت به انسولین و ناهنجاری­های متابولیک عوامل مؤثر در ارتباط با NAFLD بود. زنان چینی با PCOS بالا یا بدون NAFLD نسبتا BMI پایینی را داشتند. توصیه می­شود زنان با kg/m224≤BMI باید از نظر NAFLD غربالگری شوند.  2 Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is highly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are extensive ethnic differences in the clinical manifestations, pathological changes, and ovarian changes in women with PCOS. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of NAFLD in Chinese women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: Non-pregnant women with PCOS (N= 602) and matched controls without PCOS (N=588) were recruited. Basal endocrine, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin release level, lipid level, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Liver biochemical and B-hepatitis and C-hepatitis indices were determined. Results: NAFLD was significantly more prevalent in women with PCOS than controls (32.9% vs. 18.5%) and included 113 (57.1%) mild, 75 (37.8%) moderate and 10 (5.1%) severe cases. Luteinizing hormone was significantly lower in PCOS women with NAFLD than without NAFLD. In the PCOS group, NAFLD prevalence and severity increased with BMI. The liver index was significantly higher (p<0.001), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower (p<0.001) in the PCOS group than controls. Insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, abnormal glucose tolerance, liver dysfunction, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome were significantly more prevalent in the NAFLD group than controls. Conclusion: Chinese women with PCOS have a high prevalence of mostly mild and moderate NAFLD, not significantly associated with hyperandrogenism that increased significantly with BMI. Insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities are important factors associated with NAFLD. Chinese women with BMI ≥24 kg/mP2P should be screened for NAFLD. 725 0 2017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/1 1396/7/9 2018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/10 1396/12/19 Zhongyu Qu Zhongyu Qu Division of Ultrasonography, Shandong Provincial Hospital, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China Yanhui Zhu Yanhui Zhu Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China gzyh@hsc.pku.edu.cn Jingjing Jiang Jingjing Jiang Reproductive Medicine Center, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China Yuhua Shi Yuhua Shi Reproductive Medicine Center, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China Zijiang Chen Zijiang Chen Reproductive Medicine Center, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China Polycystic ovary syndrome Infertility Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease سندروم تخمدان پلی کیستیک ناباروری کبدچرب غیرالکلی NAFLD. Stein IF, Leventhal ML. 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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5: 496-501.##Cerda C, Pérez-Ayuso RM, Riquelme A, Soza A, Villaseca P, Sir-Petermann T, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Hepatol 2007; 47: 412-417.##Adams LA, Feldstein A, Lindor KD, Angulo P. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among women with hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction. Hepatology 2004; 39: 909-914.##Browning JD, Horton JD. Molecular mediators of hepatic steatosis and liver injury. J Clin Invest 2004; 114: 147-152.##Azzout-Marniche D, Becard D, Guichard C, Foretz M, Ferré P, Foufelle F. Insulin effects on sterol regulatory-element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) transcriptional activity in rat hepatocytes. Biochem J 2000; 350: 389-393.##The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Work shop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 19-25.##Choo V. 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Quantitative expression of developmental genes, Pou5f1 (Oct4) and Mest (Peg1), in vitrified mouse embryos بیان کمی ژن های توسعه یافته (Pou5f1 (Oct4 و (Mest (Peg1در انجماد شیشه ای جنین موش  2 1 مقدمه: انجماد جنین فرآیندی است که در آن آب سلول­ها توسط مواد ضدیخ گرفته شده و جنین در دماهای زیر صفر نگهداری می­شود. این فرایند ممکن است بر بقا و پتانسیل تکوین جنین تأثیرگذار باشد. هدف: در این مطالعه تأثیر انجماد جنین­های موش به روش شیشه­ای و با استفاده از کرایوتاپ بر میزان بیان ژن­های تکوینی Oct4 و Mest در مرحله بلاستوسیست بررسی شده است. مواد و روش­ها: بیان کمی دو ژن تکوینی Oct4 و Mest در دو گروه جنین موش­های پیش از لانه گزینی در دو گروه غیر انجمادی و منجمد شده با استفاده از جداسازی RNA و تکنیک Real-time RT-PCR اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج: آنالیزهای PCR کم نشان داد که میزان بیان هر دو ژن Oct4 و Mest در گروه منجمد-ذوب شده نسبت به گروه غیر انجمادی کمتر است. نتیجه­گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که در جنین­های منجمد شده­ای که از نظر ظاهری نرمال محسوب می­شوند، میزان نسخه­های دو ژن Oct4 و Mest کاهش دارد که نشان­دهنده تأثیر منفی روش انجماد شیشه­ای بر سطوح بیان این دو ژن تکوینی است. 2 Background: Embryo cryopreservation is the process that water is removed from the cell by cryoprotectant materials, and embryos are stored at temperature below zero. This process may affect the viability and developmental potential of embryos. Objective: In this study, the effect of the vitrification cryotop method on the expression level of Oct4 and Mest developmental genes in mouse blastocysts was examined. Materials and Methods: The collected 2-cell embryos of superovulated mouse by oviduct flushing were divided into non-vitrified and vitrified groups. These embryos were cultured to the blastocyst stage directly in the non-vitrified group and in the vitrified group, these embryos were cultured to 4-8 cell embryos, vitrified with cryotop in these stages and after 2-6 months, warmed and cultured to blastocyst embryos. Quantitative expression of two developmental genes, namely Oct4 and Mest, were performed in these groups, using RNA purification and Real-time RT-PCR. Results: Quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression level of both genes, Oct4 and Mest, was reduced significantly in the vitrified-warmed group relative to the control group (p=0.046 and p=0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that morphologically normal embryos show a reduced amount of Oct4 and Mest transcripts which indicate that the vitrification method negatively effects the expression level of these two developmental genes. 733 0 2017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/1 1396/7/9 2018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/10 1396/12/19 معصومه رجب پور نیکنام Masoumeh Rajabpour-Niknam Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران مهدی توتونچی Mehdi Totonchi Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران مریم شاه حسینی Maryam Shahhosseini Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران علی فرخی Ali Farrokhi Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران هیوا علی پور Hiva Alipour Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران پوپک افتخاری یزدی Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران peyazdi@yahoo.com Mice Blastocyst Vitrification Oct4 Mest موش بلاستوسیت انجماد شیشه ای Oct4 Mest. 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Effect of caffeine on motility and vitality of sperm and in vitro fertilization of outbreed mouse in T6 and M16 media تاثیر کافئین بر تحرک، میزان زنده ماندن اسپرم و نرخ لقاح آزمایشگاهی درموش غیرهمخون در دو محیط T6 و M16  2 1 مقدمه: :کافئین موجب افزایش CAMP شده و در نتیجه حرکت اسپرم را تحریک می­کند. کافئین برای القاء واکنش آزمایشگاهی آکروزوم در اسپرم، مرحله مهم در ایجاد لقاح، در پستانداران استفاده می­شود. هدف: هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر کافئین بر میزان تحرک و زنده ماندن اسپرم و نرخ  لقاح آزمایشگاهی در موش در دو محیط T6 و M16 است. مواد و روش­ها: اسپرم­های اپیدیدیم موش جمع­آوری و در دو محیط T6 و M16 با و بدون کافئین  تحت درمان قرار گرفتند و سپس تحرک و میزان زنده ماندن آن­ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. اسپرم درمان شده در محیط­های T6 و M16 با و بدون کافئین به تخمک­ها اضافه شدند و پس از 24 ساعت انکوباسیون، میزان لقاح ثبت گردید. نتایج: مقادیر متوسط درصد تحرک 1/67±81/7 و زنده ماندن 1/33±88/7 اسپرم و درصد لقاح اووسیت  8/16±67/52 در محیط T6 با کافئین در مقایسه با گروه شاهد افزایش یافتند و در 0/01≥p اختلاف معنی­داری داشتند. در حالیکه درصد این مقادیر در M16 به اضافه کافئین، به ترتیب 6/01±68/3، 6/11±78 و 12/96±42/6 بود و در مقایسه با گروه شاهد (M16 بدون کافئین) اختلاف معنی­داری نشان نداد. نتیجه­گیری: افزودن کافئین به محیط T6 موجب بهبود تحرک و میزان زنده ماندن اسپرم و افزایش نرخ لقاح آزمایشگاهی و رشد اولیه رویان موش در محیط آزمایشگاه می­شود. 2 Background: Caffeine increases the CAMP production that stimulates spermatozoa movement. Caffeine is also used for induction of in vitro acrosome reaction in mammalian spermatozoa, an important step in achieving fertilization. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of caffeine on sperm's motility, vitality and laboratory fertilization rates in mouse in two T6 and M16 media. Materials and Methods: Epididymal mouse sperms were collected and treated by caffine in T6 and M16 media and their motility and vitality rates were evaluated. The pretreated sperms were added to oocytes in T6 and M16 media with and without caffeine and fertilization rates were recorded after 24 hours incubation. Results: Sperm's motility (81.7±1.67%) and vitality (88.7±1.33%) rates and percentage of fertilized oocytes (67.52±8.16%) in T6 medium plus caffeine compare to control group have increased and shown significant differences at p≤0.01. While the percentages of these parameters in M16 medium supplemented with caffeine were 68.3±6.01%, 78±6.11%, and 42.6±12.96 respectively and in comparison to control group (M16 without caffeine) have not shown significant differences. Conclusion: Addition of caffeine to T6 medium promotes the sperm's motility and vitality and enhances fertilization and early in vitro development of mouse embryos. 741 0 2017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/1 1396/7/9 2018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/10 1396/12/19 Narges Nabavi Narges Nabavi Fatemeh Todehdehghan Fatemeh Todehdehghan Abdollhossein Shiravi Abdollhossein Shiravi Spermatozoa Caffeine In-vitro fertilization Mice Early embryo اسپرم کافئین لقاح آزمایشگاهی موش رویان اولیه. Sakkas D. Evaluation of embryo quality: a strategy for sequential analysis of embryo development with the aim of single embryo transfer. In Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques. By Martin DZ. 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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is more efficient than in vitro fertilization for generating mouse embryo from cryopreserved spermatozoa. Biol Reprod 2002; 67: 1278-1284.##Khurana NK, Niemann H. Effects of oocyte quality, oxygen tension, embryo density, cumulus cells and energy substrates on cleavage and morula/blastocyst formation of bovine embryos. Theriogenology 2000; 54: 741-756.##Loutradis D, Drakakis P, Kallianidis K, Sofikitis N, Kallipolitis G, Milingos S, et al. Biological factors in culture media affecting in vitro fertilization, preimplantation embryo development, and implantation. Annal NY Acad Sci 2000; 900: 325-335.##Ogawa S, Satoh K, Hashimoto H. In vitro culture of rabbit ova from the single cell to the blastocysts stage. Nature 1971; 233: 422-424.##Anahita V, Asilian A, Khalesi f, Khodami L, Shahtalebi MA. Caffeine effect in treatment of pezoriazis volgaris: randomal clinical experimental work. Seasonal J Skin Dis 2005; 181: 465-462.##Niwa K, Oghoda O. 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The effects of ex vivo cold-storage on cryopreservation of the goat (Caprus hircus) epididymal sperm اثر ذخیره سازی بیضه و اپیدیدم در سرما بر روی انجماد اسپرم اپیدیدیمی بز اهلی (Caprus hircus)  2 1 مقدمه: مطالعات مختلفی روی ذخیره­سازی کوتاه مدت و بلندمدت اسپرم اپیدیدیمی گونه­های مختلف تمرکز کرده­اند. این رهیافت­ها ممکن است در محافظت از منابع ژنتیکی بالقوه حیات وحش در حال انقراض و یا درمان برخی ناباروری­ها در انسان کمک­کننده باشند. مطالعات اندکی روی ذخیره­سازی و انجماد اسپرم اپیدیدیم بز اهلی صورت پذیرفته است. هدف: هدف از مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی اثرات سرد­سازی اپیدیدیم بر انجماد اسپرم اپیدیدیمی بز اهلی (Caprus hircus) می­باشد. مواد و روش­ها: در یک طرح آزمایشی خرد شده بیضه اپیدیم­های بز (40 زوج) به 4 گروه زمان ذخیره سازی (صفر، 24، 48 و 72 ساعت) در یخچال به صورت مساوی تقسیم شدند، سپس با استفاده از بیوکسل و رقیق­سازی یک مرحله­ای منجمد شده و پارامترهای اسپرم قبل و بعد از انجماد ارزیابی شدند. نتایج: مدت زمان سردسازی همانند انجماد در هر زمانی از سرد­سازی میزان زنده مانی و تحرک پیش­رونده اسپرم را کاهش و ناهنجاری­های اسپرم را افزایش داد (0/05>p). انجماد به طور معناداری درصد اسپرم­های حاوی قطره پروتوپلاسمیک را کاهش داد (0/05>p). در پی انجماد در همه زمان­های ذخیره­سازی، به جز زمان صفر، درصد سرهای کنده شده افزایش یافت (0/05>p). نتیجه­گیری: نتایج نشان داد ذخیره­سازی اپیدیدیم در یخچال به طور کامل از آسیب­های انجماد اسپرم محافظت نمی­کند. 2 Background: There are many studies focused on long or short storage time of epididymal sperm (EPS) of different species. There are limited studies on preservation or cryopreservation of the domestic goat EPS. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ex vivo cold-storage on freezing of EPS from goat (Capra hircus). Materials and Methods: In a split-plot design the caprine testes-epididymides (40 pairs) were divided to 4 storage-time groups equally (0, 24, 48 and 72 h), then subjected to cryopreservation using Bioxell. Sperm parameters were analyzed before and after freezing. Results: Duration of cold-storage as well as freezing at all storage-time points reduced sperm viability and progressive motility while increased sperm tail abnormalities (p<0.0001). Freezing reduced the percentage of cytoplasmic droplets (p<0.0001). The percentage of detached heads was increased at all storage-time points following freezing (p=0.0019), except at time 0 h. Conclusion: It can be concluded that cold storage [in refrigerator (4oC) for 72 h] of epididymides efficiently protected the goat EPS in terms of progressive motility and viability. However, cold-storage may not protect the goat EPS against cryopreservation with Bioxell. 747 0 2017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/1 1396/7/9 2018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/10 1396/12/19 سید کمال الدین حسین زاده ثانی Seyed Kamal-Aldin Hoseinzadeh-Sani Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran ایران فرید براتی Farid Barati Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran ایران fabrtir@yahoo.com محمود خاکساری مهابادی Mahmoud Khaksary Mahabady Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran ایران Epididymal sperm retrieval Cryopreservation Refrigeration Cold-storage Goat. جمع آوری اسپرم اپیدیدیمی انجماد سردسازی ذخیره سازی در سرما بز. 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Iranian version of modified polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality of Life questionnaire: Discriminant and convergent validity ارزیابی نسخه ایرانی پرسش نامه تصحیح شده کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامت سندروم تخمدان پلی کیسیتک: روایی تشخیصی و همگرایی  2 1 مقدمه: گزارش اولیه در رابطه با نسخه ایرانی پرسشنامه MPCOSQ دال بر مطلوب بودن روایی این ابزار اندازه­گیری کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامت در بیماران مبتلا به PCOS در ایران می­باشد. بر همین اساس، نیاز به تجزیه و تحلیل بیشتر ویژگی­های روان­سنجی نسخه ایرانی MPCOSQ، در میان نمونه مختلفی از بیماران مبتلا به PCOS احساس می­گردد. هدف: این مطالعه، به بررسی اینکه "آیا نسخه ایرانی MPCOSQ دارای روایی تشخیصی و همگرا در میان زنان ایرانی است؟" می­پردازد. مواد و روش­ها: مطالعه مقطعی حاضر بر روی 200 نفر از زنان مبتلا به PCOS مراجعه کننده به دو کلینیک خصوصی زنان و مامایی در کاشان، ایران انجام گردیده است. روایی تشخیصی با استفاده از مقایسه گروه­های شناخته شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روایی همگرا از طریق ارزیابی هم بستگی بین سازه­های با محتوای مشابه MPCOSQ و SF36 ارزیابی گردید. نتایج: کمترین میانگین امتیاز MPCOSQ, مربوط به سازه­های نازایی و قاعدگی بود که دال بر بدترین وضعیت سلامتی در این ابعاد می­باشد. نتایج SF36,  دال بر این بود که حیطه­های نقش عاطفی و نشاط ضعیف­ترین وضعیت سلامتی را به­خود اختصاص داده بودند. مقایسه گروه­های شناخته شده، نشان داد که MPCOSQ به خوبی بین زیرگروه­های زنانی که از نظر علائم اختصاصی PCOS با هم متفاوت بودند افتراق قائل می­شود که دال بر مطلوب بودن روایی تشخیصی آن می­باشد. روایی همگرا نیز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته و طبق انتظار هم بستگی مثبت مناسبی بین سازه­های مرتبط بین دو ابزار یافت شد. نتیجه­گیری: یافته­های مطالعه حاضر از استفاده از MPCOSQ به عنوان یک ابزار اندازه­گیری معتبر در بیماران PCOS  حمایت می­کند. MPCOSQ, در حال حاضر به طور وسیعی در ایران مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است و می­تواند به عنوان یک ابزار اندازه­گیری سنجش نتایج در مطالعات آینده در این جمعیت بیماران مدنظر قرار گیرد. 2 Background: A preliminary report indicated that the Iranian version of modified polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality of life questionnaire (MPCOSQ) is a valid measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in PCOS patients. Accordingly, the Iranian version of MPCOSQ was subjected to further psychometric analyses among a different sample of patients with PCOS. Objective: To examine discriminant and convergent validity of the Iranian version of MPCOSQ. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 200 women with PCOS that was carried out in two private gynecology clinics in Kashan, Iran. Discriminant validity was assessed using the known groups comparison. Convergent validity was evaluated by assessing the correlation between similar content on the MPCOSQ and the SF-36. Results: The mean scores for the MPCOSQ showed that women rated lowest on the infertility and menstrual subscales indicating worst health in these dimensions. The results from the SF-36 questionnaire indicated that emotional and vitality domains were the areas of poorest health. Known groups comparison showed that the MPCOSQ differentiated well between sub-groups of women who differed in PCOS specific symptoms, lending support to its discriminant validity. Convergent validity was assessed and as expected a good positive correlation was found between related subscales of the two instruments. Conclusion: The MPCOSQ has now been extensively tested in Iran and can be considered for using as an outcome measure in future outcome studies in this population. 753 0 2017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/1 1396/7/9 2018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/10 1396/12/19 فاطمه بازرگانی پور Fatemeh Bazarganipour Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran اﻳﺮان سعیده ضیایی Saeide Ziaei Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran ایران ziaei_sa@modares.ac.ir علی منتظری Ali Montazeri Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران فاطمه فروزانفرد Fatemeh Foroozanfard Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran ایران سقراط فقیه زاده Soghrat Faghihzadeh Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran ایران Questionnaire Polycystic ovary syndrome Quality of life کیفیت زندگی سلامت سندروم تخمدان پلی کیسیتک پرسشنامه. Hahn S, Janssen OE, Tan S, Pleger K, Mann K, chedlowski M, et al. Clinical and psychological correlates of quality-of-life in polycystic ovary syndrome. Euro J Endocrinol 2005; 153: 853-860.##Cronin L, Guyatt G, Griffith L, Wong E, Azziz R, Futterweit W, et al. Development of a health-related quality-of-life questionnaire (PCOSQ) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 1976-1987.##Guyatt G, Weaver B, Cronin L, Dooley JA, Azziz R. Health-related quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, a self-administered questionnaire, was validated. J Clin Epidemiol 2004; 57: 1279-1287.##Jones GL, Benes K, Clark TL, Denham R, Holder MG, Haynes TJ, et al. The polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality of life questionnaire (PCOSQ): a validation. Hum Reprod 2004; 19: 371-377.##McCook J, Reame N, Thatcher S. Health-related quality of life issues in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2005; 34: 12-20.##Barnard L, Ferriday D, Guenther N, Strauss B, Balen AH, Dye L. Quality of life and psychological well being in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2007; 22: 2279-2286.##Bazarganipour F, Ziaei S, Montazeri A, Faghihzadeh S, Frozanfard F. Psychometric properties of the Iranian version of modified Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 2729-2736.##Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod 2004; 19: 41-47.##Montazeri A, Goshtasebi A, Vahdaninia M, Gandek B. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Qual Life Res 2005; 14: 875-882.##Ferriman D, Gallwey JD. Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1961; 21: 1440-1447.##Lever WF, Schaumburg-Lever G. Acne vulgaris. Histopatbology of the Skin. 7th Ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1990:218-9##Donyavi T, Naieni KH, Nedjat S, Vahdaninia M, Najafi M, Montazeri A. Socioeconomic status and mortality after acute myocardial infarction: a study from Iran. Int J Equity Health 2011; 10: 9.##Kaasa S, Bjordal K, Aaronson N, Moum T, Wist E, Hagen S, et al. The EORTC core quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-C30): validity and reliability when analysed with patients treated with palliative radiotherapy. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31: 2260-2263.##Bazarganipour F, Ziaei S, Montazeri A, Frozanfard F, Faghihzadeh S. Health-related quality of life and its relationship with clinical symptoms among Iranian patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Iran J Reprod Med 2013; 11: 371-378.##Ching HL, Burke V, Stuckey BG. Quality of life and psychological morbidity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: body mass index, age and the provision of patient information are significant modifiers. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007; 66: 373-379.##SooHoo NF, McDonald AP, Seiler JG, McGillivary GR. Evaluation of the construct validity of the DASH questionnaire by correlation to the SF-36. J Hand Surg Am 2002; 27: 537-541.##Coffey S, Bano G, Mason H. Health-related quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comparison with the general population using the polycystic ovary syndrome questionnaire (PCOSQ) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Gynecol Endocrinol 2006; 22: 80-86.## ##

Does oral contraceptive pill increase the risk of abnormal Pap smear? آیا مصرف قرص های ضد بارداری باعث افزایش اسمیر واژینال غیرطبیعی می شود؟ 2 1 مقدمه: گزارشاتی مبنی بر نقش قرص­های ضد بارداری در افزایش اسمیر واژینال غیرطبیعی وجود دارد اما نتایج در جمعیت­های مختلف یکسان نیست. هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی همراهی بین مصرف قرص­های ضد بارداری و اسمیر واژینال غیرطبیعی در زنان مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان شهید صدوقی و مادر یزد بود. مواد و روش­ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی مقطعی اسمیر واژینال مربوط به سال­های 90-88 موجود در دو بیمارستان بررسی شدند. تعداد 1286 زن که از قرص­های ضدبارداری به عنوان روش ضدبارداری استفاده کرده بودند به عنوان مورد و تعداد 1218 زن که سایر روش­های ضدبارداری را به کار بسته بودند به عنوان کنترل برگزیده شدند. دو گروه از نظر سن، وضعیت بارداری و موقعیت اجتماعی اقتصادی همخوانی داشتند. زنان دو گروه تنها با همسرانشان ارتباط داشته و سیگار مصرف نکرده بودند. حداقل مدت مصرف قرص ضدبارداری در گروه مورد 5 سال بود. نتایج: %0/4 زنان مورد و %0/2 گروه شاهد اسمیر واژینال غیرطبیعی داشتند. بنابراین همراهی بین مصرف قرص ضدبارداری و اسمیر واژینال غیرطبیعی یافت نشد (0/727=p). نتیجه­گیری: یافته­های ما همراهی بین مصرف قرص­های ضدبارداری و اسمیر واژینال غیر طبیعی نشان نداد. به علاوه تعداد اسمیر واژینال غیرطبیعی در زنانی که از قرص­های ضدبارداری استفاده کرده بودند کمتر از جوا مع غربی بود. به نظر می­رسد به مطالعات بیشتری نیاز باشد. 2 Background: It is noted that oral contraceptive pills increase the risk of abnormal Pap smear but results have been inconsistent across the populations. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between oral contraceptive pill (OCP) consumption and abnormal Pap smear in women who referred to Shahid Sadoughi and Madar hospitals in Yazd. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out and a database of all Pap smear reports from 2009-2011 at Cytopathology Department of Shahid Sadoughi and Madar hospitals in Yazd, Iran was reviewed. A total number of 1286 women with history of OCP consumption were selected as the case group and 1218 women applying other contraceptive methods were selected as control group for evaluation. Both case and control groups were matched by age, parity and socioeconomic status. All of the women in this study maintained a single partner as their husband and none of them were considered as smokers. The duration of OCP use was at least 5 years. Results: Abnormal Pap smear results were observed in 0.4% of cases and 0.2% of controls. There was no significant association between OCP consumption and abnormal Pap smear (p=0.727). Conclusion: Our findings did not show any specific association between OCP consumption and abnormal Pap smear results. In addition, the number of abnormal Pap smears in women who consumed OCP was lower than that of western countries. More prospective studies are required. 761 0 2017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/1 1396/7/9 2018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/10 1396/12/19 فریبا بینش Fariba Binesh Department of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران Binesh44@yahoo.com علی اخوان Ali Akhavan Department of Radiotherapy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران مهنوش داوودی Mahnoosh Davoodi Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) Pap smear Abnormal قرص ضد بارداری اسمیر واژینال غیر طبیعی. Rosai J. Ackerman's surgical pathology, female reproductive system, uterus-cervix. 10th Ed. Elsevier Mosbey; 2011: 1447-1448.##Farjadian S, Asadi E, Doroudchi M, Dehaghani AS, Tabei SZ, Kumar VP, et al. High risk HPV types in southern Iranian patients with cervical cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2003; 9:121-125.##World Health Organization. ICO Information Center on HPV and Cervical Cancer (HPV Information Center): Human papillomavirus and related cancers. Sum Rep Update 2010.##Jafari Shobeiri M, Halimi M, Dastranj A, Shahamphar J. Screening for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in Tabriz. MJIRI 2007; 21: 1-10.##Thomison J, Thomas LK, Shroyer KR. Human papillomavirus: molecular and cytologic/ histologic aspects related to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2008; 39: 154-166.##Gichangi P, Estambale B, Bwayo J, Rogo K, Ojwang S, Opiyo A, et al. Knowledge and practice about cervical cancer and Pap smear testing among patients at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Intl J Gynecol Cancer 2003; 13: 827-833.##Jonathan S. Berek, cervical cancer, Deborah L. Berek MA, Berek and Novak's Gynecology. 15th Ed united-state of America, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2012; 1305.##Santin AD, Zhan F, Bignotti E, Siegel ER, Cané S, Bellone S, et al. Gene expression profiles of primary HPV16-and HPV18-infected early stage cervical cancers and normal cervical epithelium: identification of novel candidate molecular markers for cervical cancer diagnosis and therapy. Virology 2005; 331: 269-291.##Sohail R, Nazir R, Latif Y, Zaman F. Evaluation of cervical smear in women attending gynecological OPD. J Surg Pak (Int) 2008; 13: 3.##Sohail R, Nazir R, Latif Y, Zaman F. Evaluation of cervical smear in women attending gynecological OPD. J Surg Pakn (Int) 2008; 13: 121-123.##Kiatiyosnusorn R, Suprasert P, Srisomboon J, Siriaree S, Khunamornpong S, Kietpeerakool, C. High-grade histologic lesions in women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology from a region of Thailand with a high incidence of cervical cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2010; 110: 133-136.##Marshall K. Cervical dysplasia: early intervention. Altern Med Rev 2003; 8: 156-170.##Edlow AG, Bartz D. Hormonal contraceptive options for women with headache: A review of the evidence. Rev Obstet Gynecol 2010; 3: 55-65.##Saadatnia M, Naghavi N, Fatehi F, Zare M, Tajmirriahi M. Oral contraceptive misuse as a risk factor for cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. J Res Med Sci 2012; 17: 344-347.##Ye Z, Thomas DB, Ray RM. Combined oral contraceptives and risk of cervical carcinoma in situ. Int J Epidemiol 1995; 24: 19-26.##Mafuva C, Djarova T, Matarira HT. Influence of combined oral contraceptives on the onset of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Afr J Health Sci 2002; 9: 129-137.##McFarlane-Anderson N, Patience E, Bazuaye M, Jackson D, Monica S, Horace M Fletcher, Cervical dysplasia and cancer and the use of hormonal contraceptives in Jamaican women. BMC Womens Health 2008; 8: 9.##Molina R, Thomas DB, Dabancens A, Lopez J, Ray RM, Martinez L, et al. Oral contraceptives and cervical carcinoma in situ in Chile. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 1011-1015.##Sayednozadi S, Hassany M, Ramezani MA. Association of oral contraceptives and abnormal Pap smear. Am J Appl Sci 2005; 2: 1150-1152.##Becker TM, Wheeler CM, McGOUGH NS, Stidley CA, Parmenter CA, Dorin MH, et al. Contraceptive and reproductive risks for cervical dysplasia in southwestern Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Int J Epidemiol 1994; 23: 913-922.##Nygård J, Skare G, Thoresen SØ. The cervical cancer screening programme in Norway, 1992-2000: changes in Pap smear coverage and incidence of cervical cancer. J Med Screen 2002; 9: 86-91.##Berry G, Maclennan R, Shearman R, Jelihovsky T, Booth JC, Molina R, et al. Invasive squamous‐cell cervical carcinoma and combined oral contraceptives: Results from a multinational study. 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Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on viability of human spermatozoa بررسی اثر نانوذرات اکسید روی بر حیات اسپرم انسان 2 1 مقدمه: استفاده گسترده از نانوذرات گوناگون موجب نگرانی­های زیادی درباره سلامت شغلی و بیولوژیکی آن­ها شده است. هدف: هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر سایتوتوکسیک نانوذرات اکسید روی (ZnO) بر زندگی اسپرماتوزوآ بود. مواد و روش­ها: از 15 مرد سالم نمونه منی گرفته شد و طبق معیارهای سازمان بهداشت جهانی آنالیز گردید. هر نمونه به­طور جداگانه با غلظت­های مختلف نانوذرات اکسید روی (10 و 100 و 500 و 1000 میکروگرم بر لیتر) در دمای 37 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 45، 90 و 180 دقیقه مجاور شد. سپس درصد مرگ سلولی اسپرماتوزوآ با روش MTT اندازه­گیری گردید. برای مقایسه زمان­ها و غلظت­های گوناگون از تست Mann-Whitney استفاده شد. نتایج: بیشترین درصد مرگ سلولی در زمان­های 45 و 90 و 180 دقیقه به ترتیب 20/8%، 21/2% و 33/2% بود. بالاترین غلظت نانوذرات اکسید روی (1000 میکروگرم بر لیتر) در تمام زمان­های مجاورت موجب بیشترین سمیت سلولی گردید. از نظر آماری، تفاوت معنی­داری بین زمان 180 دقیقه و دو زمان دیگر در خصوص حیات سلولی وجود داشت. نتیجه­گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که سایتوتوکسیسیتی نانوذرات اکسید روی بر اسپرم هم با غلظت و هم با مدت زمان مواجهه نسبت مستقیم دارد. 2 Background: The extensive use of different nanoparticles has raised great concerns about their occupational and biological safety. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on viability of spermatozoa. Materials and Methods: Semen samples were obtained from 15 healthy persons, and were analyzed using WHO guidelines. Each semen sample was separately incubated with different concentrations of ZnO NPs (10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) at 37PoPC for 45, 90, and 180 minutes. Then, the cell death percentage of spermatozoa was measured by MTT assay. Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison of different times and concentrations. Results: The maximum cell death percentage was 20.8%, 21.2%, and 33.2% after 45, 90, and 180 minutes, respectively. In case of concentration, the highest concentration (1000 μg/mL) of ZnO NPs led to the highest toxicity for all incubation times. Statistically, there were significant differences in cell viability after 180 minutes vs. 45 and 90 minutes. Conclusion: This study indicated that cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs is dose and time dependent. 767 0 2017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/12017/10/1 1396/7/9 2018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/102018/03/11 1396/12/20 ابوالفضل برخورداری Abolfazl Barkhordari Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران سیدحسین حکمتی مقدم Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران علی جبالی Ali Jebali Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Pajoohesh Lab, Yazd, Iran ایران محمدعلی خلیلی Mohammad Ali Khalili Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران علیرضا طالبی Alireza Talebi Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران مرضیه نورانی Marzieh Noorani Department of Occupational Health, School of Paramedicine, Abarkooh, Yazd, Iran ایران marzieh.noorani@gmail.com Spermatozoa Viability MTT assay ZnO nanoparticles Semen Cytotoxicity اسپرماتوزوآ حیات سلولی تست MTT نانوذرات اکسید روی منی سایتوتوکسیسیتی. 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