2017 15 10 0 668

Reconstruction of mammalian oocytes by germinal vesicle transfer: A systematic review بازسازی تخمک های پستانداران با روش انتقال ژرمینال وزیکل: بررسی سیستماتیک 2 1 عملکرد میتوکندری و تعداد کپی DNA آن می­تواند در بروز بسیاری از بیماری­های انسانی نقش داشته باشد. اخیرا تکنیک انتقال هسته (NT) به عنوان تکنیک کمک باروری جدید در افزایش فعالیت میتوکندری سلول­های تخمک در مقاصد تحقیقی و بالینی کاربرد زیادی دارد. در این مطالعه مروری با جمع­آوری مقالات مستند از سال 1966 تا سبتامبر 2015، روش­های مختلف انجام این تکنیک برای تخمک­های نابالغ گزارش شده است. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان دهنده تمامی روش­های انجام تکنیک انتقال وزیکول ژرمینال (GVT) در تخمک­های پستانداران، بررسی میزان فیوژن و لقاح تخمک­های حاصل و همچنین ارزیابی پتانسیل کاربرد کلینیکی این تکنیک می­باشد. به نظر می­رسد با مطالعه بر روی این تکنیک جدید می­توان امیدوار بود در آینده نزدیک راهی برای درمان موثر تخمک­های مسن یا تخمک­های حاوی مشکلات میتوکندریایی گشوده گردد. 2 Nuclear transfer procedures have been recently applied for clinical and research targets as a novel assisted reproductive technique and were used for increasing the oocyte activity during its growth and maturation. In this review, we summarized the nuclear transfer technique for germinal vesicle stage oocytes to reconstruct the maturation of them. Our study covered publications between 1966 and August 2017. In result utilized germinal vesicle transfer techniques, fusion, and fertilization survival rate on five different mammalian species are discussed, regarding their potential clinical application. It seems that with a study on this method, there is real hope for effective treatments of old oocytes or oocytes containing mitochondrial problems in the near future. 601 612 2017/12/4 1396/9/13 2017/12/4 1396/9/13 سارا دربندی Sara Darbandi Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران Akhondi@Avicenna.ac.ir مهسا دربندی Mahsa Darbandi Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران Akhondi@Avicenna.ac.ir حمیدرضا خرم خورشید Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran ایران Akhondi@Avicenna.ac.ir ابوالفضل شیرازی Abolfaz Shirazi Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران Akhondi@Avicenna.ac.ir محمدرضا صادقی Mohammad Reza Sadeghi Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران Akhondi@Avicenna.ac.ir آشوک آگاروال Ashok Agarwal Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. امریکا Akhondi@Avicenna.ac.ir صفا الحسنی Safaa Al-Hasani Reproductive Medicine Unit, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany آلمان Akhondi@Avicenna.ac.ir محمدمهدی نادری Mohammad Mehdi Naderi Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران Akhondi@Avicenna.ac.ir احمت ایاز Ahmet Ayaz Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey ترکیه Akhondi@Avicenna.ac.ir محمدمهدی آخوندی Mohammad Mehdi Akhondi Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ایران Akhondi@Avicenna.ac.ir Germinal vesicle Micromanipulation Nuclear transfer Oocyte انتقال وزیکل ژرمینال انتقال هسته تخمک نابالغ. 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The prevalence of, and risk factors for, mycoplasma genitalium infection among infertile women in Ibadan: A cross-sectional study شیوع و عوامل خطر عفونت میکوپلاسما ژنیتالیس در بین زنان نابارور در ایبادان:یک مطالعه مقطعی 2 1 مقدمه: ارتباط میکوپلاسما ژنیتالیس با ناباروری ثابت شده است. این عفونت­ها بدون علامت و از نظر تشخیصی مشکل می­باشد. فهم عوامل خطر مرتبط میتواند تسهیل بخش غربالگری بهتر گروه­های در معرض خطر باشد. هدف: هدف از انجام این مطالعه، تشخیص شیوع و عوامل خطر عفونت میکروباکتریوم ژنیتالیس در بین زنان نابارور در ایبادان بود. موارد و روش­ها: این مطالعه به صورت مقطعی در 2 بیمارستان در ایبادان بر روی 267 زن نابارور و 135 زن بارور بین مارچ تا نوامبر 2015 انجام شد. با استفاده از یک پرسشنامه طراحی شده، اطلاعات اقتصادی و خصوصیات رفتاری مراجعین جمع­آوری و سپس نمونه سواپ اندوسرویکس جهت بررسی میکروباکتریوم ژنیتالیس تهیه شد. ژن MgPa به وسیله PCR بررسی شد. باندهای باند شده 495 کیلو باز بعنوان نمونه مثبت میکروباکتریوم ژنیتالیس در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج: در بین زنان نابارور 43 نفر (10/16%) شواهد عفونت میکروباکتریوم ژنیتالیس را داشتند. در صورتی که تنها 3 نفر (2/2%) از زنان بارور مبتلا بودند (001/0>p). عوامل خطر همراه شامل: وجود بیش از یک شریک جنسی در زندگی (97/33-76/3CI:  95% ،13/10OR:)، وجود شریک جنسی دیگر برای شوهر (63/90-08/2CI:  95% ،88/12OR:)، منوگالیستی متوالی (ازدواج­های متعدد بعد از مرگ همسر) (27/8-35/4CI:  95% ،6OR:) و شرایط اقتصادی- اجتماعی پایین (10/6-28/1CI:  95% ،80/2OR:). هیچ ارتباطی بین سابقه­های قبلی عفونت­های انتقال یافته از طریق جنسی و میکروباکتریوم ژنیتالیس پیدا نشد. نتیجه ­گیری: ریسک عفونت میکروباکتریوم ژنیتالیس مشابه دیگر بیماری­های انتقال یافته از نظر جنسی می­باشد. لذا غربالگری معمولی باید به روش­های جدیدتر جهت بررسی میکروبی زنان نابارور تغییر یابد. 2 Background: The association of mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) with infertility has been documented. The infections are asymptomatic and difficult to diagnose. Understanding the associated risk factors will help in facilitating better screening measures for at-risk groups. Objective: The aim was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, M. genitalium infection among infertile women in Ibadan. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 402 women (267 infertile and 135 fertile) referred to 2 hospitals in Ibadan between March and November 2015 were enrolled. Information was obtained, using structured questionnaire, on sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of the respondents while endocervical swabs were obtained for detection of M. genitalium. MgPa gene was diagnosed using the conventional Polymerase chain reaction. Bands corresponding to 495kb were documented as positive for M. genitalium. Results: Among the infertile women, 43 (16.1%) had evidence of M. genitalium infection as against 3 (2.2%) of women without infertility (p<0.001). Associated risk factors included having more than one lifetime sexual partner (OR=10.13, 95% CI: 3.76-33.97); husbands having other sexual partners (OR=12.88, 95% CI: 2.08-90.63); being a serial monogamist (OR=6, 95% CI: 4.35-8.27) and low socio-economic status (OR=2.80, 95% CI: 1.28-6.10). No relationship exists between the previous history of sexually transmitted infections and M. genitalium. Conclusion: The risk factors for M. genitalium infection are similar to those peculiar to other sexually transmitted infections. Its routine screening should be incorporated into the current protocol for microbiological evaluation of infertile women. 613 618 2017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 2017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 Tinuade Adesola Ajani Tinuade Adesola Ajani Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Nigeria sesanoluwasola@yahoo.com Timothy A. Olusesan Oluwasola Timothy A. 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CXC Ligand 5 cytokine serum level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal body mass index: A case-control study سطح سرمی CXCL5 در زنان با سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک و BMI نرمال: یک مطالعه مورد-شاهدی 2 1 مقدمه: سندرم تخمدان پلی­کیستیک (PCOS) متداول­ترین بیماری اندوکرین می­باشد و مرتبط با مقاومت به انسولین می­باشد. CXCL5 سیتوکین جدیدی است که از بافت چربی سفید در شرایط چاقی ترشح می­گردد و با مهار کردن مسیر سیگنالینگ انسولین باعث مهار فعالیت انسولین و پیشبرد مقاومت به انسولین می­گردد. هدف: هدف این مطالعه ارزیابی سطح سرمی CXCL5 در زنان PCOS با BMI نرمال می­باشد. موارد و روش­ها: این مطالعه یک مطالعه مورد- شاهدی است که 30 زن مبتلا به سندرم تخمدان پلی­کیستیک (PCOS) با BMI نرمال به عنوان گروه بیمار و 30 زن سالم (عدم PCOS) با BMI نرمال به عنوان گروه کنترل انتخاب شدند. سطح سرمی انسولین و سیتوکین CXCL5 و دیگر فاکتور­های هورمونی مرتبط به روش الیزا و پارامتر­های بیوشیمیایی به کمک اتوآنالیزر اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج: نتایج این مطالعه افزایش معناداری را در غلظت انسولین، HOMA-IR، LH، LH/FSH، FBS، تستوسترون و پرولاکتین در گروه PCOS در مقایسه با گروه کنترل نشان داد در حالی که غلظت­های CXCL5 ،کلسترول،LDL-C ، HDL-C، DHEAS، کراتینین و HOMA-B در بین دو گروه تفاوتی نداشت. نتیجه­ گیری: در این مطالعه تفاوت معناداری در غلظت سرمی CXCL5 در خانم­های PCOS با BMI نرمال مشاهده نشد. 2 Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease and associated with insulin resistance. CXC Ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a new cytokine which is secreted from white adipose tissue during obesity and by blocking insulin signaling pathway inhibits the activity of insulin and promotes insulin resistance. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess serum level of CXCL5 in PCOS women with normal body mass index. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 30 PCOS women with normal body mass index as the case group and 30 non-PCOS women as the controls were enrolled. Serum levels of CXCL5, insulin and other hormones factors related with PCOS were measured by ELISA method, also the biochemical parameters were measured by autoanalyzer. Results: Significant increases in serum insulin concentration, homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance, luteinizing hormone, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, fasting blood sugar, testosterone, and prolactin were observed in the case group compared to the controls. were in the serum level of CXCL5, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, creatinine, and homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function between these two groups. Conclusion: In this study, no significant change was observed in serum concentrations of CXCL5 in PCOS women with normal BMI. 619 624 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 مرضیه ظهرابی Marzieh Zohrabi The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran ایران Smdakbarzadeh@yahoo.com الهام رحمانی Elham Rahmani Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran ایران Smdakbarzadeh@yahoo.com نیلوفر معتمد Niloofar Motamed Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran ایران Smdakbarzadeh@yahoo.com صمد اکبرزاده Samad Akbarzadeh Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran ایران Smdakbarzadeh@yahoo.com Polycystic ovary syndrome Insulin resistance CXCL5 cytokine Hyperinsulinemia Hyperandrogenism سندرم تخمدان پلی‌کیستیک مقاومت به انسولین سیتوکین CXCL5 هیپرانسولینمیا هیپراندروژنیسم. 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Effects of administration of co-trimoxazole and folic acid on sperm quality and histological changes of testes in male rats اثر تجویز تحت حاد کوتریموکسازول و اسیدفولیک در کیفیت اسپرم و تغییرات بافت‌شناسی بیضه در موش صحرایی نر 2 1 مقدمه: گزارش­های زیادی در مورد اثرات مصرف طولانی مدت سولفاسالازین بر ناباروری مردان گزارش شده است، اگرچه اطلاعات دقیقی از تأثیر مصرف کوتریموکسازول بر کیفیت اسپرم وجود ندارد. هدف: در این تحقیق به بررسی اثرات مصرف کوتریموکسازول و مصرف توأمان با اسیدفولیک بر کیفیت اسپرم در موش صحرایی نر پرداختیم. موارد و روش­ها: در این مطالعه تجربی، تعداد 136 سر موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار، به 9 گروه: کنترل، شم (دریافت­کننده نرمال سالین)، اسید­فولیک (1mg/kg/daily) و گروه­های دریافت­کننده داروی کوتریموکسازول (mg/kg 30 ,60 و 120) و اسید­فولیک (1 mg/kg) به تنهایی یا به صورت توأمان به مدت 14 و 28 روز به صورت وریدی تقسیم شدند. در پایان روز 14 و 28 نمونه اسپرم تهیه و از نظر تعداد، تحرک و زنده بودن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه بافت تثبیت شده بیضه نیز پس از رنگ­آمیزی هماتوکسیلین- ائوزین از نظر تعداد سلول­های لیدیگ، اسپرماتید و اسپرماتوسیت، عروق خونی و قطر لوله­های اسپرم ساز زیر میکروسکوپ نوری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج: تجویز کوتریموکسازول به مدت 14 و 28 روز سبب کاهش معنی­دار در تعداد، تحرک و درصد اسپرم زنده در مقایسه با گروه کنترل شد (0.001 P<)، همچنین دوزهای بالای کوتریموکسازول کاهش معنی­داری در قطر لوله­های اسپرم­ساز و تعداد سلول­های اسپرماتید و اسپرماتوسیت در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به همراه داشت (0.001 P<). تجویز توأمان اسیدفولیک تا حدی این اثرات سوء بر کیفیت اسپرم و اثرات بر ساختاری بیضه در دوز­های بالای کوتریموکسازول (mg/kg 60 و 120) را بهبود بخشید. (0.001 P<). نتیجه ­گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد داروی کوتریموکسازول سبب کاهش کیفیت اسپرم و اثرات سوء بر بافت بیضه می­شود که مصرف توأمان اسید­فولیک تا حدی این اثرات سوء را در موش صحرایی بهبود می­بخشد. مکانیسم این فرآیند هنوز ناشناخته و نیازمند تحقیقات بیشتری است. 2 Background: Male infertility has been reported following long-term sulfasalazine, however, the precise effects of co-trimoxazole on sperm quality is controversial. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the effects of co-trimoxazole and its co-administration with folic acid on sperm quality and histological changes of testes in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 136 male Wistar rats were divided into 9 groups: I (control), II (vehicle) received saline, III: received folic acid (1 mg/kg /daily i.p., and IV- IX received co-trimoxazole (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg/daily; i.p.)+folic acid (1 mg/kg/daily; i.p.) for 14 or 28 days. Sperm samples were obtained from each group at the end of 14th and 28th days. Sperm numbers, motility, and viability were evaluated on a hemocytometer. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained testes were done for evaluation ofthe number of Leydig cells, vascularity, spermatids, spermatocytes, and means of seminiferous tubules diameter under light microscopy. Results: Co-trimoxazole treatment for either 14 or 28 days caused a significant decrease in the percentage of sperm number, motility, and viability (p<0.001) compared to the control group. Also, high doses of co-trimoxazole caused a significant decrease in testes structural abnormalities means of seminiferous tubules diameter, spermatids, and spermatogonia) compared to the vehicle group (p<0.001). Folic acid co-administration with co-trimoxazole partially reversed the decrease in sperm quality and structural abnormalities of high doses of co-trimoxazole (60 and 120 mg/kg/daily) (p<0.001). Conclusion: The data showed the adverse effects of co-trimoxazole on sperm quality and testes morphology which was protected partially by folic acid co-administration in rats. The underlying mechanism (s) needs further investigations. 625 634 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 احسان سالارکیا Ehsan Salarkia Department of Biology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. ایران gsepehri@yahoo.com غلامرضا سپهری Gholamreza Sepehri Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. ایران gsepehri@yahoo.com پروین تراب زاده Parvin Torabzadeh Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran ایران gsepehri@yahoo.com جلیل آبشناس Jalil Abshenas Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran ایران gsepehri@yahoo.com آرزوی صابری Arezoo Saberi Kerman Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran ایران gsepehri@yahoo.com Co-trimoxazole Folic acid Testis Sperm quality Rats. کوتریموکسازول اسیدفولیک بیضه کیفیت اسپرم موش صحرایی. 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Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1954; 32: 41-48.##Lange D, Schirren C. Studies on the influence of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on the quality of sperm in andrologic patients and a contribution to the pharmacological testing of a drug on the spermatogenetic activity of the testis. Z Hautkr 1974; 49: 863-878.##Ebisch IM, Pierik FH, De Jong FH, Thomas CM, Steegers-theunissen RP. Does folic acid and zinc sulphate intervention affect endocrine parameters and sperm characteristics in men? Int J Androl 2006; 29: 339-345.##Young SS, Eskenazi B, Marchetti FM, Block G, Wyrobek AJ. The association of folate, zinc and antioxidant intake with sperm aneuploidy in healthy non-smoking men. Hum Reprod 2008; 23: 1014-1022.##Bistulfi G, Vandette E, Matsui S, Smiraglia DJ. Mild folate deficiency induces genetic and epigenetic instability and phenotype changes in prostate cancer cells. BMC Biol 2010; 8: 6.##Stover PJ. Physiology of folate and vitamin B12 in health and disease. Nutr Rev 2004; 62: S3-12.##Wong WY, Thomas CM, Merkus JM, Zielhuis GA, Steegers-Theunissen RP. Male factor subfertility: possible causes and the impact of nutritional factors. Fertil Steril 2000; 73: 435-442.##Swayne BG, Kawata A, Behan NA, Williams A, Wade MG, MacFarlane AJ, et al. Investigating the effects of dietary folic acid on sperm count, DNA damage and mutation in Balb/c mice. Mutat Res 2012; 737: 1-7.## ##

The effect of vitamin E and aspirin on the uterine artery blood flow in women with recurrent abortion: A single-blind randomized controlled trial اثر ویتامین E و آسپرین بر جریان خون شریان رحمی در زنان مبتلا به سقط مکرر 2 1 مقدمه: سقط خود­بخودی مکرر شیوع بالایی دارد. اتیولوژی آن در 40-30% موارد ناشناخته است. اما یکی از علل آن بالا بودن مقاومت شریان رحمی می­باشد. هدف: هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر درمان با ویتامین E و آسپیرین بر میزان جریان خون رحمی در زنان با سقط مکرر به علت اختلال در خونرسانی رحمی است. موارد و روش­ها: این مطالعه از نوع کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی شده بر روی 99 زن با ایندکس جریان خون رحمی((Pulsatility Index (PI) بیشتر از 5/2 و دارای سابقه بیش از 2 نوبت سقط انجام گرفت. بیماران بصورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند (دریافت­کننده آسپیرین، ویتامین E و آسپیرین به همراه ویتامین E). پس از 2 ماه ایندکس جریان خون (PI) رحمی مقایسه شد. نتایج: هر سه رژیم درمانی باعث تقویت جریان خون رحمی و کاهش معنی­دار میانگین PI شریان رحمی شدند. در بیماران دریافت­کننده ویتامین E به همراه آسپیرین کمترین میزان PI در میان گروه­ها مشاهده شد (001/0>p). نتیجه­ گیری: نتیجه مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که ویتامین E و آسپیرین و به خصوص تجویز ترکیبی آنها سبب بهبود جریان خون رحمی در زنان مبتلا به سقط مکرر به علت اختلال در خونرسانی رحمی می­شود. انجام مطالعات دقیق­تری برای بررسی اثر درمانی داروهای فوق بر نتایج بارداری و پیشگیری از سقط مکرر ضروری به نظر می­رسد. 2 Background: Recurrent spontaneous abortion has high incidence rate. The etiology is unknown in 30-40%. However high uterine artery resistance is accounted as one of the recurrent abortion reasons. Objective: The objective of the current study was to determine the impacts of vitamin E and aspirin on the uterine artery blood flow in women having recurrent abortions due to impaired uterine blood flow. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 99 women having uterine pulsatility index (PI) more than 2.5 and the history of more than two times abortions. The candidates were categorized into three groups; receiving aspirin, only vitamin E, and aspirin+vitamin E. After 2 months, uterine PIs were compared with each other. Results: All drug regimens caused an enhancement in uterine perfusion with a significant decline in uterine artery PI value. The women receiving vitamin E in accompanied with aspirin had the least mean PI of the uterine artery (p<0.001). The total average PI score of the right and left uterine arteries in groups receiving vitamin E in accompanied with aspirin was lower than the two counterparts significantly (p<0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin E, aspirin and especially their combination are effective in improving uterine artery blood flow in women with recurrent abortion due to impaired uterine blood flow. More well-designed studies are needed to find out whether the enhancement of uterine perfusion may lead to a better pregnancy outcome. 635 640 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 الهه مصداقی نیا Elaheh Mesdaghinia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran ایران banafshe57@hotmail.com بهناز محمد ابراهیمی Behnaz Mohammad-Ebrahimi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran ایران banafshe57@hotmail.com فاطمه فروزانفرد Fatemeh Foroozanfard Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. ایران banafshe57@hotmail.com حمیدرضا بنفشه Hamid Reza Banafshe Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran ایران banafshe57@hotmail.com Recurrent abortion Aspirin Vitamin E Pulsatility index سقط مکرر آسپیرین ویتامین E و ایندکس جریان خون رحمی. Wilkinson D, Tholandi M, Ramjee G, Rutherford GW. Nonoxynol-9 spermicide for prevention of vaginally acquired HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials including more than 5000 women. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2: 613-617.##Van Damme L, Ramjee G, Alary M, Vuylsteke B, Chandeying V, Rees H, et al. Effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 971-977.##Ragheb A, Attia A, Eldin WS, Elbarbry F., Gazarin S, Shoker A. The protective effect of thymoquinone, an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, against renal injury: a review. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2009; 20: 741-752.##Al-Zahrani S, Mohany M, Kandeal S, Badr G. Thymoquinone and vitamin E supplementation improve the reproductive characteristics of heat stressed male mice. J Med Plants Res 2012; 6: 493-499.##Saheera K, Sha'ban M, Abdul Rahman S. Effects on mouse spermatogenesis and DNA fragmentation following exposure to cyclophosphamide and thymoquinone. Eur Int J Sci Technol 2013; 2: 119-136.##Kanter M. Thymoquinone reestablishes spermatogenesis after testicular injury caused by chronic toluene exposure in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 27: 155-166.##Lina S, Hashida NH, Eliza H. Role of Habbatus sauda towards the histological features of nicotine treated male rats seminal vesicle and prostate gland. Biomed Res 2014; 25: 11-18.##Hughes LM, Griffith R, Carey A, Butler T, Donne SW, Beagley KW, et al. The spermostatic and microbicidal actions of quinones and maleimides: toward a dual-purpose contraceptive agent. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76: 113-124.##Alhimaidi AR. Thymoquinone treatment of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) compared to in vitro fertilization of mice oocytes and their development in vitro. Adv Mol Med 2005; 1: 119-123.##Kamarzaman S, Wahab AY, Rahman SA. Effects of thymoquinone supplementation on cyclophosphamide toxicity of mouse embryo in vitro. Glob Vet 2014; 12: 80-90. 11. World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 5th Ed. World health organization publication, china; 2010.##Jamalzadeh L, Ghafoori H, Sariri R, Rabuti H, Nasirzade J, Hasani H, et al. Cytotoxic effects of some common organic solvents on MCF-7, RAW-264.7 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Avicenna J Med Biochem 2016; 4 e33453.##Hossain S, Sikes-Thurston E, Leppla SH, Wein AN. Thymoquinone as a novel antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agent: a natural therapeutic approach on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, and four NCI-60 cancer cell lines. J Exp Second Sci 2012; 19: 1-4.##Guthrie HD, Welch GR. Effects of reactive oxygen species on sperm function. Theriogenology 2012; 78: 1700-1708.##Gali-Muhtasib HU, Kheir WG, Kheir LA, Darwiche N, Crooks PA. Molecular pathway for thymoquinone-induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in neoplastic keratinocytes. Anticancer Drugs 2004; 15: 389-399.##Banerjee S, Kaseb AO, Wang Z, Kong D, Mohammad M, Padhye S, et al. Antitumor activity of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin is augmented by thymoquinone in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 5575-5583.##Banerjee S, Padhye S, Azmi A, Wang Z, Philip PA, Kucuk O, et al. Review on molecular and therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in cancer. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62: 938-946.##Malkovsky M, Newell A, Dalglish AG. Inactivation of HIV by Nonoxynol-9. Lancet 1988; 1: 645.##Azeiz AZ A, Saad AH, Darweesh MF. Efficacy of Thymoquinone against Vaginal Candidiasis in Prednisolone-induced Immunosuppressed Mice. J Am Sci. 2013; 9: 155-159.##Rooney S, Ryan MF. Effects of Alpha-hederin and thymoquinone, constituents of Nigella sativa on human cancer cell lines. Anticancer Res 2005; 25: 2199-2204.##Gali-Muhtasib HU, Abou Kheir WG, Kheir LA, Darwiche N, Crooks PA. Molecular pathway for thymoquinone-induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in neoplastic keratinocytes. Anti-cancer Drugs 2004; 15: 389-399.##Worthen DR, Ghosheh OA, Crooks PA. The in vitro anti-tumor activity of some crude and purified components of black seed, Nigella sativa L. Anticancer Res 1997; 18: 1527-1532.##Ali BH, Blunden G. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother Res 2003; 17: 299-305.##Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz BS, Hosseinzadeh H. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014; 17: 929-938.##Tonkal A. In vitro antitrichomonal effect of Nigella sativa aqueous extract and wheat germ agglutinin. Med Sci 2009; 16: 17-34.##Ruiz-Pesini E, Diez C, Lape-a AC, Pérez-Martos A, Montoya J, Alvarez E, et al. Correlation of sperm motility with mitochondrial enzymatic activities. Clin Chem 1998; 44:1616-1620.##Agnihotri SK, Agrawal AK, Hakim BA, Vishwakarma AL, Narender T, Sachan R, et al. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) regulates sperm motility. In Vitro Cell Dev Biology-Anim 2016; 52: 953-960.##Barroso G, Taylor S, Morshedi M, Manzur F, Gavi-o F, Oehninger S. Mitochondrial membrane potential integrity and plasma membrane translocation of phosphatidylserine as early apoptotic markers: a comparison of two different sperm subpopulations. Fertil Steril 2006; 85: 149-154.##Kasai T, Ogawa K, Mizuno K, Nagai S, Uchida Y, Ohta S, et al. Relationship between sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, sperm motility, and fertility potential. Asian J Androl 2002; 4: 97-104.##Paoli D, Gallo M, Rizzo F, Baldi E, Francavilla S, Lenzi A, et al. Mitochondrial membrane potential profile and its correlation with increasing sperm motility. Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 2315-2319.##Piasecka M, Kawiak J. Sperm mitochondria of patients with normal sperm motility and with asthenozoospermia: morphological and functional study. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2003; 41: 125-139.##Sousa AP, Amaral A, Baptista M, Tavares R, Caballero Campo P, Caballero Peregrín P, et al. Not all sperm are equal: functional mitochondria characterize a subpopulation of human sperm with better fertilization potential. PloS One 2011; 6: e18112.## ##

Thymoquinone as a natural spermostatic substance in reproductive medicine: An experimental study تیموکینون ماده ای طبیعی و متوقف کننده حرکت اسپرم در طب باروری: یک مطالعه تجربی 2 1 مقدمه: نونوکسینول 9 یک سورفاکتانت غیر یونی است که بخاطر اثرات کشندگی آن بر اسپرم بطور وسیع مورد استفاده است. بدلیل آنکه نونوکسینول 9 ممکن است سبب تخریب احتمالی بافت­های پوششی دستگاه تناسلی زن شود، یافتن ترکیبات جدید متوقف­کننده حرکت اسپرم ضروری است. هدف: هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی اثرات تیموکینون به عنوان یک ماده بالقوه متوقف کننده حرکت اسپرم، بر روی حرکت و بقا اسپرم انسان بود. موارد و روش­ها: در این مطالعه تجربی، اثرات مقادیر 5، 10، 20، 50، 100 میکروگرم بر میلی­لیتر، 1 و 10 میلی­گرم بر لیتر تیموکینون بر نمونه­های مایع منی نوروموزواسپرم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تحرک و بقا اسپرمی در کسرهایی از نمونه مایع منی که فاقد و یا حاوی تیموکینون بودند، مقایسه شدند. 32 نمونه مایع منی جهت ارزیابی اثرات تیموکینون بر تغییرات غشاء میتوکندری تحت تاثیر 50 میکروگرم بر میلی­لیتر تیموکینون قرار گرفتند. بررسی فلوسیتومتری پس از رنگ آمیزی اسپرم­ها با  JC-1انجام پذیرفت. نتایج: مقادیر بالای 20 میکروگرم بر میلی­لیتر تیموکینون تمامی اسپرمها را بالاخره در محیط کشت متوقف می­کنند. افزودن میزان 50 میکروگرم بر میلی­لیتر تیموکینون، درصد اسپرم­های زنده را بطور معنی­دار کاهش نمی­دهد و نتایج فلوسیتومتری نشانگر آن هستند که این میزان از تیموکینون می­تواند پتانسیل غشاء داخلی میتوکندری را کاهش دهد. نتیجه­ گیری: تیموکینون می­تواند بدون کاهش جمعیت اسپرم­های زنده، حرکت اسپرم­ها را در محیط کشت متوقف نماید. بنابراین، تیموکینون را می­توان به عنوان یک ماده شیمیایی جدید طبیعی که توانایی بالقوه در متوقف کردن اسپرم­ها دارد، مورد توجه قرار داد. 2 Background: Nonoxynol-9 a nonionic surfactant is widely used for its spermicidal effects. Finding new sperm immobilizing agents is necessary because Nonoxynol-9 damages the tissues of female reproductive system. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Thymoquinone (TQ) as a potential spermostatic compound on the motility and viability of human spermatozoa. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the effects of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 μg/ml, 1 and 10 mg/ml of TQ on normozoospermic semen samples were investigated. Sperm motility and viability were compared between untreated and TQ-treated aliquots of each semen sample. To evaluate the effects of TQ on the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), 32 semen samples were examined using 50 μg/ml of TQ. Flow cytometric analysis was performed after staining of spermatozoa with JC-1. Results: Doses above 20 μg/ml of TQ could eventually immobilize all spermatozoa in culture medium. Adding 50 μg/ml of TQ did not significantly diminish the percentage of viable spermatozoa and flow cytometry results revealed that this amount of TQ could decrease sperm MMP. Conclusion: TQ could discontinue the movement of sperm cells in medium without reducing the population of live spermatozoa. It is more likely that TQ exerts its spermostatic action by mitigating the MMP of spermatozoa. Therefore, TQ could be considered as a potential new natural spermostatic chemical 641 648 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 فرهاد گلشن ایرانپور Farhad Golshan Iranpour Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ایران خاطره فاضلیان Khatereh Fazelian Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ایران غلامرضا دشتی Gholam Reza Dashti Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ایران dashti@med.mui.ac.ir Nigella sativa Sperm immobilizing agents Sperm motility Thymoquinone سیاه دانه مواد متوقف کننده اسپرم حرکت اسپرم تیموکینون. Wilkinson D, Tholandi M, Ramjee G, Rutherford GW. Nonoxynol-9 spermicide for prevention of vaginally acquired HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials including more than 5000 women. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2: 613-617.##Van Damme L, Ramjee G, Alary M, Vuylsteke B, Chandeying V, Rees H, et al. Effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 971-977.##Ragheb A, Attia A, Eldin WS, Elbarbry F., Gazarin S, Shoker A. The protective effect of thymoquinone, an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, against renal injury: a review. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2009; 20: 741-752.##Al-Zahrani S, Mohany M, Kandeal S, Badr G. Thymoquinone and vitamin E supplementation improve the reproductive characteristics of heat stressed male mice. J Med Plants Res 2012; 6: 493-499.##Saheera K, Sha'ban M, Abdul Rahman S. Effects on mouse spermatogenesis and DNA fragmentation following exposure to cyclophosphamide and thymoquinone. Eur Int J Sci Technol 2013; 2: 119-136.##Kanter M. Thymoquinone reestablishes spermatogenesis after testicular injury caused by chronic toluene exposure in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 27: 155-166.##Lina S, Hashida NH, Eliza H. Role of Habbatus sauda towards the histological features of nicotine treated male rats seminal vesicle and prostate gland. Biomed Res 2014; 25: 11-18.##Hughes LM, Griffith R, Carey A, Butler T, Donne SW, Beagley KW, et al. The spermostatic and microbicidal actions of quinones and maleimides: toward a dual-purpose contraceptive agent. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76: 113-124.##Alhimaidi AR. Thymoquinone treatment of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) compared to in vitro fertilization of mice oocytes and their development in vitro. Adv Mol Med 2005; 1: 119-123.##Kamarzaman S, Wahab AY, Rahman SA. Effects of thymoquinone supplementation on cyclophosphamide toxicity of mouse embryo in vitro. Glob Vet 2014; 12: 80-90. 11. World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 5th Ed. World health organization publication, china; 2010.##Jamalzadeh L, Ghafoori H, Sariri R, Rabuti H, Nasirzade J, Hasani H, et al. Cytotoxic effects of some common organic solvents on MCF-7, RAW-264.7 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Avicenna J Med Biochem 2016; 4 e33453.##Hossain S, Sikes-Thurston E, Leppla SH, Wein AN. Thymoquinone as a novel antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agent: a natural therapeutic approach on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, and four NCI-60 cancer cell lines. J Exp Second Sci 2012; 19: 1-4.##Guthrie HD, Welch GR. Effects of reactive oxygen species on sperm function. Theriogenology 2012; 78: 1700-1708.##Gali-Muhtasib HU, Kheir WG, Kheir LA, Darwiche N, Crooks PA. Molecular pathway for thymoquinone-induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in neoplastic keratinocytes. Anticancer Drugs 2004; 15: 389-399.##Banerjee S, Kaseb AO, Wang Z, Kong D, Mohammad M, Padhye S, et al. Antitumor activity of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin is augmented by thymoquinone in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 5575-5583.##Banerjee S, Padhye S, Azmi A, Wang Z, Philip PA, Kucuk O, et al. Review on molecular and therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in cancer. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62: 938-946.##Malkovsky M, Newell A, Dalglish AG. Inactivation of HIV by Nonoxynol-9. Lancet 1988; 1: 645.##Azeiz AZ A, Saad AH, Darweesh MF. Efficacy of Thymoquinone against Vaginal Candidiasis in Prednisolone-induced Immunosuppressed Mice. J Am Sci. 2013; 9: 155-159.##Rooney S, Ryan MF. Effects of Alpha-hederin and thymoquinone, constituents of Nigella sativa on human cancer cell lines. Anticancer Res 2005; 25: 2199-2204.##Gali-Muhtasib HU, Abou Kheir WG, Kheir LA, Darwiche N, Crooks PA. Molecular pathway for thymoquinone-induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in neoplastic keratinocytes. Anti-cancer Drugs 2004; 15: 389-399.##Worthen DR, Ghosheh OA, Crooks PA. The in vitro anti-tumor activity of some crude and purified components of black seed, Nigella sativa L. Anticancer Res 1997; 18: 1527-1532.##Ali BH, Blunden G. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother Res 2003; 17: 299-305.##Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz BS, Hosseinzadeh H. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014; 17: 929-938.##Tonkal A. In vitro antitrichomonal effect of Nigella sativa aqueous extract and wheat germ agglutinin. Med Sci 2009; 16: 17-34.##Ruiz-Pesini E, Diez C, Lape-a AC, Pérez-Martos A, Montoya J, Alvarez E, et al. Correlation of sperm motility with mitochondrial enzymatic activities. Clin Chem 1998; 44:1616-1620.##Agnihotri SK, Agrawal AK, Hakim BA, Vishwakarma AL, Narender T, Sachan R, et al. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) regulates sperm motility. In Vitro Cell Dev Biology-Anim 2016; 52: 953-960.##Barroso G, Taylor S, Morshedi M, Manzur F, Gavi-o F, Oehninger S. Mitochondrial membrane potential integrity and plasma membrane translocation of phosphatidylserine as early apoptotic markers: a comparison of two different sperm subpopulations. Fertil Steril 2006; 85: 149-154.##Kasai T, Ogawa K, Mizuno K, Nagai S, Uchida Y, Ohta S, et al. Relationship between sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, sperm motility, and fertility potential. Asian J Androl 2002; 4: 97-104.##Paoli D, Gallo M, Rizzo F, Baldi E, Francavilla S, Lenzi A, et al. Mitochondrial membrane potential profile and its correlation with increasing sperm motility. Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 2315-2319.##Piasecka M, Kawiak J. Sperm mitochondria of patients with normal sperm motility and with asthenozoospermia: morphological and functional study. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2003; 41: 125-139.##Sousa AP, Amaral A, Baptista M, Tavares R, Caballero Campo P, Caballero Peregrín P, et al. Not all sperm are equal: functional mitochondria characterize a subpopulation of human sperm with better fertilization potential. PloS One 2011; 6: e18112.## ##

The effects of Salvia officinalis L. on granulosa cells and in vitro maturation of oocytes in mice اثر مریم گلی بر روی سلول های گرانولوزا و اووسیت های کشت داده شده موش: یک مطالعه کاربردی 2 1 مقدمه: مریم گلی (Salvia officinalis L) جهت درمان از زمان­های گذشته استفاده می­شده است اما درباره اثرات این گیاه بر روی دستگاه تناسلی سالم اطلاعات کمی وجود دارد. بررسی اثرات سمی مریم گلی بر روی سلول­های گرانولوزا و بلوغ اووسیت­ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. هدف: در تحقیق حاضر اثرات این گیاه بر روی سلول­های گرانولوزا و اووسیت­های طبیعی بررسی می­شود. موارد و روش­ها: سلول­های گرانولوزا و اووسیت­ها از تخمدان­های تحریک شده برای تخمک­گذاری موش­های نابالغ استخراج شدند. 24 ساعت بعد سلول­ها با دوز­های 0، 10، 50 ،100، 500 و 1000 میکرو­گرم در هر میلی­لیتر عصاره هیدروالکلی مریم گلی تیمار شدند. زیستایی، تراکم کروماتین، سطح استردیول و پروژسترون، میزان لیپید، اپوپتوز و فعالیت الکالین فسفاتاز سلول­های گرانولوزا اندازه­گیری شد. مراحل مختلف بلوغ تخمک­ها شامل ژرمینال وزیکول (GV)، گسستگی ژرمینال وزیکول (GVBD) و متافاز  (MII)بررسی شد. نتایج: نتایج بیانگر سمیت دوزهایμg/ml  500 و 1000 عصاره بود. اکثر سلول­های گرانولوزا در دوز μg/ml 100 در مراحل اولیه اپوپتوز بودند اما در دوز μg/ml 500 مرگ سلولی مشاهده شد. سطح پروژسترون در دوزμg/ml  100 و بالاتر از آن کاهش یافت ولی سطح استردیول و فعالیت الکالین فسفاتاز در این دوزها افزایش نشان داد. قطرات لیپیدی موجود درسلول­های گرانولوزا در کلیه دوزها بخصوص μg/ml 500 و 1000 از کاهش چشمگیری برخوردار بود. هسته و سیتوپلاسم اووسیت­ها در تمامی دوزها به سمت متراکم شدن پیش رفت و از شدت میوز آن­ها کاسته شد. نتیجه­ گیری: دوزهای بالای عصاره هیدروالکلی مریم گلی زیستایی، تکثیر، ترشح سلول­های گرانولوزا و رسیدگی اووسیت­ها را مهار می­کند.   2 Background: Salvia officinalis L. has been used since ancient times but there are little data about effects of this herb on normal reproductive cells. Objective: To investigate the toxicity effects of Salvia officinalis L. on granulosa cells (GCs) and maturation of oocytes. Materials and Methods: GCs and oocytes were extracted from superovulated ovaries of immature mice. The cells were treated with concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml of Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extracts and compared with the control culture. Bioviability, chromatin condensation, estradiol and progesterone concentrations, lipid synthesis, apoptosis, and alkaline phosphatase activity of GCs were measured. In vitro maturation of oocytes by determination of different maturation stages of oocytes including germinal vesicle, germinal vesicle breaks down, and metaphase II were examined. Results: The results revealed that 500 and 1000 μg/ml concentrations of Salvia officinalis L. were toxic. The most of the GCs were in the early stages of apoptosis in 100 μg/ml treated culture and cell death happened with 500 μg/ml treatment. Progesterone concentration was reduced in 100 μg/ml and higher doses but estradiol concentration and alkaline phosphatase showed opposite effects. The lipid droplets content of GCs reduced significantly in all groups especially in 500 and 1000 μg/ml. Finally, oocyte’s nucleus and cytoplasm showed a high level of condensation, and meiosis rate reduced in all treated cultures. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that higher dose of Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extracts inhibits, oocyte maturation, GCs bioviability, proliferation, and secretion. 649 660 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 ملیحه الزمان منصفی Malihezaman Monsefi Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. ایران monsefi@susc.ac.ir اکرم نادی Akram Nadi Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran ایران monsefi@susc.ac.ir زینب علی نژاد Zeinab Alinejad Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran ایران monsefi@susc.ac.ir Granulosa cell In vitro maturation Oocytes Ovary Salvia officinalis سلول گرانولوزا بلوغ ازمایشگاهی تخمک اووسیت تخمدان مریم گلی. Khalil R, Li ZG. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Salvia officinalis L. collected in Syria. 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Cytotoxic activity of á-humulene and transcaryophyllene from salvia officinalis in animal and human tumor cells. An R Acad Nac Farm 2010; 76: 343-356.##Jedinak A, Muckova M, Kostalova D, Maliar T, Masterova I. Antiprotease and antimetastatic activity of ursolic acid isolated from salvia officinalis. Z Naturforsch C 2006; 61: 777-782.##Deans SG, Simpson EJM. Antioxidants from Salvia officinalis. En: The Genus Salvia. Amsterdam: Kintzios; 2000. 185-192.##Lu Y, Foo LY. Antioxidant activities of polyphenols from sage (Salvia officinalis). Food Chem 2001; 75: 197-202.##Monsefi M, Abedian M, Azarbahram Z, Ashraf MJ. Salvia officinalis L. Induces alveolar bud growing in adult female rat mammary glands. Avicenna J Phytomed 2015; 5: 560-567.##Sohrabi M, Mohammadi Roushandeh A, Alizadeh Z, Vahidinia A, Vahabian M, Hosseini. Effect of a high fat diet on ovary morphology, in vitro development, in vitro fertilisation rate and oocyte quality in mice. 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Effect of Citrullus colocynthis hydro-alcoholic extract on hormonal and folliculogenesis process in estradiol valerate-induced PCOs rats model: An experimental study بررسی تجربی اثر عصاره هندوانه ابوجهل بر فرایند التهاب و استرس اکسیداتیو در رت های مبتلا به سندروم پلی کیستیک تخمدانی القاء شده توسط استرادیول 2 1 مقدمه: هندوانه ابوجهل (CCT) به عنوان یک عامل ضد­دیابتی، ضد­التهابی، و ضد­اکسیدانی مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. پلی­کیستیک تخمدان (PCOS) یک اختلال تولید مثلی و متابولیکی می­باشد که در آن سطح گنادوتروپین­ها و هورمون­های جنسی در خون به هم می­ریزد. هدف: هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر عصاره هندوانه ابوجهل بر میانگین غلظت پلاسمایی هورمون­های تستوسترون، LH, FSH و گلوکز و نیز مطالعه فرایند فولیکولوژنز در رت­های پلی­کیستیک می­باشد. موارد و روش­ها: در این مطالعه تجربی چهل موش صحرایی نژاد ویستار به پنج گروه تقسیم شدند ( تعداد هر گروه 8). به گروه 1 (کنترل) فقط روغن کنجد به عنوان حلال استرادیول والرات تزریق شده، گروه 2 (شم) پس از پلی­کیستیکی شدن در اثر تزریق 4 میلی­گرم استرادیول والرات به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن به شکل درون عضلانی، سرم فیزیولوژی خورانده شده و در سه گروه تجربی پس از القاء پلی­کیستیک در آن ها به مدت بیست روز به گروه 3، 50 میلی­گرم عصاره گیاه، به گروه4، 50 میلی­گرم متفورمین و به گروه 5 ترکیبی از 50 میلی­گرم عصاره و متفورمین به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن خورانده شده است. سطح سرمی LH, FSH با استفاده از متد الیزا و سطح سرمی گلوکز با استفاده از شیوه اکسیداتیو اندازه­گیری شد. مطالعه بافتی تخمدان به روش رنگ­آمیزی هماتوکسیلین–ائوزین انجام شد نتایج: در گروه­های تجربی کاهش معنی­داری در غلظت هورمون­های تستوسترون و LH در مقایسه با گروه شم مشاهده شد، در حالی که غلظت FSH در گروه­های تجربی و شم تفاوت معنی­داری نداشت. بررسی­های بافت­شناسی نشان می­دهد که در گروه­های تجربی در مقایسه با گروه شم تعداد فولیکول­های پره آنترال و آنترال و جسم زرد افزایش معنی­داری نشان می­دهد. نتیجه­ گیری:بهبود قابل توجه تظاهرات هورمونی و بافتی در نمونه­های پلی­کیستیک می­تواند ناشی از اثرات عصاره گیاه باشد. بنابراین عصاره این گیاه می­تواند به عنوان داروی موثر در درمان پلی­کیستیک به حساب آید. 2 Background: Citrullus colocynthis (CCT) is used as the anti-diabetic and antioxidant agent. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive disorder which level of gonadotropins and sexual hormones are imbalanced. Objective: We evaluated the effect of CCT hydro-alcoholic extract on hormonal and folliculogenesis process in estradiol valerate-induced PCOs rats’ model. Materials and Methods: 40 female adult Wistar rats divided into five groups (n=8each: Group I (control) only injected by sesame oil as estradiol valerate solvent, group II (Sham) was orally received normal saline after estradiol valerate- induced polycystic ovarian syndrome (4 mg/rat estradiol valerate, intramuscularly), and three experimental groups, that after induction of PCOS within 60 days, received orally 50 mg/kg CCT extract (group III), 50mg/kg metformin (group IV), and CCT extract+ metformin (group V) for 20 days. The serum concentration level of luteinizing, testosterone and follicle stimulating hormones were measured using ELISA method and the serum concentration level of glucose were measured using the oxidative method (glucose meter). Histological study of ovary tissue carried out by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: There was a significant reduction in luteinizing hormone and testosterone in III-V groups compared to Sham group, whereas follicle stimulating hormone in III-V groups was not significantly changed in comparison with Sham group. Histological investigations showed a significant increase in number of preantral and antral follicles and corpus luteum in the experimental groups compared to group II. Conclusion: Marked improvement in hormonal and histological symptoms of PCOS may be due to CCT effects hence, CCT can potentially be considered as an effective drug for treatment of PCOS 661 668 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 2017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/42017/12/4 1396/9/13 محمد حسین برزگر بفروی Mohammad Hossein Barzegar Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran ایران homayoun_khazai@yahoo.com همایون خزعلی Homayoun Khazali Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran ایران homayoun_khazai@yahoo.com مهدی کلانتر Homayoun Khazali Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران homayoun_khazai@yahoo.com آرزو خرادمهر Seyyed Mehdi Kalantar Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران homayoun_khazai@yahoo.com Polycystic ovary syndrome Gonadotropins hormones Follicugenesis Rat Citrullus colocynthis پلی کیستیک تخمدان رت نژاد ویستار Citrullus colocynthis التهاب. 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