1 2476-4108 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2472 Reproductive Epidemiology Association between anogenital distance as a noninvasive index in the diagnosis and prognosis of reproductive disorder: A systematic review Zamani Parisa b Hemati Zeinab c Kelishadi Roya d Kolahdozan Sakineh e Dianatinasab Mostafa f Keikha Mojtaba g b Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. c Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. d Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. e Clinical Research Development Unit, Bahar Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. f Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia. Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. g Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 1 8 2023 21 8 599 618 14 01 2022 03 07 2023 Background: There are 2 measures of anogenital distance (AGD) in men and women. AGD has been used as an indicator of fetal androgen dysfunction and an adverse outcome in adulthood. Some studies have shown the association of AGD as a predictor in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases and disorders. Objective: To systematically summarize the latest evidence for presenting AGD as a new approach for prognosis and early diagnosis of diseases. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the available literature was performed using Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge up to July 2021, using search terms "anogenital distance" OR "anogenital index" OR "ano genital distance" OR "ano genital index". Language restrictions were not imposed. Results: After reviewing the retrieved articles, 47 unique studies were included in this systematic review. Different outcomes, including endometriosis, prostate cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, pelvic organ prolapse, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, fertility and semen parameters, maternal and birth development, and ovarian and gynecological-related disorders, have been studied in the included evidence. A negative association was observed between AGD and endometriosis and hypospadias and a positive association between AGD and prostate cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, male fetal gender, and fertility parameters. Conclusion: Using quantitative indicators such as AGD may be a useful clinical tool for the diagnosis of diseases. Although many studies have shown an association between AGD and diseases, some factors, including different measurement methods, different measurement tools, age, and different definitions of AGD, can be involved in the variation of AGD. Corresponding Author: Mojtaba Keikha View Orcid in Profile You can search for this author in PubMed     Google Scholar Profile
3108 Stem Cell & Cloning Xeno-free generation of new Yazd human embryonic stem cell lines (Yazd4-7) as a prior stage toward good manufacturing practice of clinical-grade raw materials from discarded embryos: A lab resources report Hajizadeh-Tafti Fatemeh h Golzadeh Jalal i Akyash Fatemeh j Tahajjodi Somayyeh-Sadat k Farashahi-Yazd Ehsan l Heidarian-Meimandi Hassan m Aflatoonian Behrouz n h Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. i Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. j Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. k Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. l Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. m Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. n Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 1 8 2023 21 8 619 628 06 04 2023 06 08 2023 Background: Xeno-free generation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is important to prevent potential animal contaminations in culture for advanced cell-based therapeutic applications. Xeno-free production of hESCs is the first step for manufacturing clinical-grade hESC lines. Objective: To produce new hESC lines in xeno-free condition. Materials and Methods: This lab resources report was conducted at Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd, Iran from 2019-2022. 4 new hESC lines from 11 (10 fresh and 1 frozen) donated surplus discarded human embryos were established. In this study, we report the xeno-free derivation of new Yazd hESC lines (Yazd4-7), without using immunosurgery, by culturing intact zona-free blastocysts obtained from discarded embryos onto the YhFF#8 cells as a feeder layer in a microdrop culture system. The pluripotency gene expression profile of the cell lines was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the expression of specific surface markers was detected using immunofluorescent staining. In vitro differentiation was induced using embryoid body formation and gene expression profile of 3 germ layers and germ cells. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was investigated to prove their pluripotent capacity. Results: In sum, we have been able to generate 4 new hESC lines (Yazd4-7) from 11 discarded embryos in xeno-free culture conditions using a micro drop culture system and YhFF#8 as a human source feeder layer. Conclusion: The outcome of this work can be the foundation for the future allogeneic cell-based therapeutic application using clinical grade good manufacturing practice-derived hESC derivatives.  3101 Reproductive Physiology The protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ephedra pachyclada leaves on ovarian damage induced by cyclophosphamide in rat: An experimental study Abedi Hassanali o Nemati Mahnaz p Ebrahimi Bahareh Dehghani Maryam Mikaeiliagah Elmira Abdollahzadeh Pegah Ghanaatpisheh Aref Shafiei Jahromi Nazanin Kargar Jahromi Hossein o Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. p Amir Oncology Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Shiraz Geriatric Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran. Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. Department of Biology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran. Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA. Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran. Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. 1 8 2023 21 8 629 638 15 03 2023 06 08 2023 Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anticancer drug that acts as an alkylation agent after metabolism in the liver. CP has toxic effects on the body's cells, especially the reproductive system's function, and causes infertility. Moreover, medicinal plants have few side effects and are psychologically acceptable to patients. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of Ephedra pachyclada hydroalcoholic extract (EPHE) on ovarian tissue and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in rats treated with CP. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 adult female Wistar rats (180-200 gr, 9-10 wk) were randomly assigned to 6 experimental groups (n = 8/each): (a) control; (b) sham; (c) CP; (d) CP+250 mg/kg EPHE; (e) CP+500 mg/kg EPHE; (f) CP+1000 mg/kg EPHE. On the 29th day of the experiment, serum was collected; serum concentration of the luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, progesterone, and antioxidant activity were measured. The number of ovarian follicles were also counted. Results: In the CP groups, serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone significantly increased, and estrogen and progesterone significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05). EPHE significantly compensated for the complications caused by CP and 1000 mg/kg had the greatest effect. Antioxidant reduction by CP was significantly enhanced by EPHE, especially at higher doses (p ≤ 0.05). The number of primordial, primary, secondary, and Graafian follicles showed a significant decrease in CP groups and EPHE groups showed a significant increase compared to the CP. EPHE showed that the concentration of 1000 mg/kg was more effective than other doses (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: In addition to proving the effect of EPHE on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, our investigation showed antioxidant properties, which can be an effective factor in CP-treated rats. 2625 Reproductive Biology Investigation of Coronavirus disease 2019 virus in vaginal fluid and menses blood and the effect on menstrual cycle duration and sexual desire: A cross-sectional study Sadeghi Leila Farzadi Laya Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 1 8 2023 21 8 639 646 09 08 2022 04 09 2023 Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in the throat, urine, and feces but has little evidence documented of sexual transmission. Objective: Here, we aimed to diagnose the presence of COVID-19 in vaginal fluids and menses blood. Menstrual cycle duration and sexual desire were the other aims.  Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 individuals with clinical approval of COVID-19 infection who were referred to the Alzahra hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran were divided into mild (n = 178, partial pressure of oxygen ≥ 91) and severe (n = 122, partial pressure of oxygen ≤ 91) groups, also based on clinical signs and hospitalization, from January to May 2021. Demographic characteristics, menstruation, and sexual desire of individuals were recorded in the questionnaire blood sampling was done on days 2-4 for menses, and vaginal fluid after menses for polymerase chain reaction by using a Dacron tip swab. Results: Participants were studied in the mild (mean age: 43.32 ± 7.41) and severe (mean age: 47.15 ± 6.9) groups. COVID-19 infection resulted in shortening the menstrual cycle duration in the severe group (30.15 ± 2.9 vs. 25.12 ± 2.1 days, p = 0.01). Polymerase chain reaction test for vaginal fluid and menses blood was negative for all cases. Sexual desire declined in both groups, significantly. Conclusion: This virus was not present in the menses blood and vaginal fluid of women with COVID-19 infection, which proposed a low risk of virus transmission via vaginal tracts. Severe COVID-19 infection may affect the menstrual duration. 2730 Perinatology Prevalence of congenital anomalies and related factors in live births in Zahedan, Southeast of Iran: A cross-sectional study Asemi-Rad Azam Heidari Zahra Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb Hamidreza Mehdipour Yousef Moudi Bita Sheibak Nadia Ebrahimi Saeid Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Department of Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran. Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Department of Health Information Technology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. 1 8 2023 21 8 647 656 21 12 2022 19 08 2023 Background: The term congenital anomalies (CAs) refer to structural or functional abnormalities at the time of conception. Approximately 12 deaths related to congenital disabilities occur in every 10,000 babies born. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of single and multiple CAs in live births in Zahedan, Southeast Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 59,087 live births in a referral hospital in Zahedan located in the southeast of Iran during 2009-2019. All live births were examined by pediatricians and the CAs and categorized based on the international classification of diseases. Results: Of 59,085 live births, at least 883 had a significant anomaly, and the prevalence rate of CAs was about 149 per 10,000. Anomalies of the nervous (24.1%) and cardiovascular systems (21.10%) were the most frequent, occurring in 213 and 187 of the live births, respectively. Spina bifida is the most common anomaly of the central nervous system. The most common anomalies in the cardiovascular system were unspecified heart malformations (17.1%), cardiovascular malformations (18.7%), and patent ductus arteriosus (11.7%). Significant correlations were found between the parent's consanguinity marriage, the mother's age, an existing anomaly in the family, and relatives in single and multiple CAs (p = 0.02, p = 0.02, p < 0.001, p = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of CAs was 149 per 10,000 live births. The highest prevalence of CAs was related to the central nervous system. Increasing the public's knowledge about fetal defects can reduce the prevalence of CAs. 3072 Reproductive Epidemiology The trend of marriage, childbearing, and divorce and its determinants of socio-economic factors on divorce in Yazd province 2016-2021: A cross-sectional study Tavakolian Nastaran Lotfi Mohammad Hassan Taheri Soodejani Moslem madadizadeh Farzan Kalantari Foroozandeh Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Deputy for Health Affairs, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 1 8 2023 21 8 657 666 07 02 2023 28 08 2023 Background: In recent decades, family and their stability as an important social institution have changed significantly. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the marriage trends, childbearing, and divorce changes in Yazd province from 2016-2021 to estimate the effect of socioeconomic factors on divorce. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was done in 2 phases. In first phase, an ecological (time trend) was conducted to investigate the 5 yr trend in the occurrence of marriage, childbearing, and divorce, as well as the factors affecting the occurrence of divorce in second phase. For second phase of study 600 participants were selected. 300 divorce and 300 married applicants were chosen between 2016 and 2021. Binary logistic regression model was used to find the related factors affecting the occurrence of divorce. Results: The results showed a declining marriage (p = 0.05) and childbearing trend (p = 0.84), as well as an increasing trend in divorces (p = 0.02) in Yazd. Logistic regression analysis showed that college education (OR = 0.22, CI: 0.116-0.430, p < 0.001) and being self-employed (OR = 0.48, CI: 0.255-0.934, p = 0.03) could reduce the odds of divorce. In addition, nonresidents (OR = 2.1, CI: 1.314-3.562, p < 0.001), with > 10-yr age differences (OR = 3.8, CI: 1.803-8.213, p < 0.001) or the woman being older than her husband (OR = 3.4, CI: 1.981-5.848, p < 0.001) could increase the odds of divorce. Conclusion: Our results confirmed that a combination of socioeconomic characteristics affects the stability of family institutions. 2750 Reproductive Genetics Prenatal diagnosis of Sex determining region Y -box transcription factor 2 anophthalmia syndrome caused by germline mosaicism using next-generation sequencing: A case report Nikuei Pooneh khashavi Zahra Farazi Fard Mohammad Ali Tabasi Shahrzad Zeidi Ari Pourkashan Parnian Tabatabae Zahra Eftekhar Ebrahim Saberi Mozhgan Mahjoubi Frouzandeh Hormozgan State of Welfare Organization, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Gambron Royan Infertility Center, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Persian Bayan Gene Research and Training Center, Shiraz, Iran. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. New York University, NY, USA. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Persian Bayan Gene Research and Training Center, Shiraz, Iran. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran. Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran. 1 8 2023 21 8 667 672 28 12 2022 15 07 2023 Background: Sex determining region Y box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) mutations lead to bilateral anophthalmia with autosomal dominant human inheritance. SOX2 mutations could result in severe ocular phenotypes usually associated with variable systemic defects. Most patients described with SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome possessed de novo mutations in this gene. Case Presentation: In this case report, we describe 2 brothers with mental retardation and bilateral anophthalmia caused due to SOX2 germline mosaicism in unaffected parents. Next-generation DNA sequencing was carried out to determine the family’s possible cause of genetic mutation. Sanger sequencing was performed on the patients and their parents. Prenatal diagnosis was done in both pregnancies of the older brother’s wife via chorionic villus sampling. A novel heterozygous pathogenic frameshift deletion variant (exon1:c.58_80del:p.G20fs) was identified in the SOX2 gene, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in both affected brothers and did not exist in healthy parents, indicating germline mosaicism. Conclusion: Most SOX2 mutations known look to arise de novo in probands and are diagnosed through anophthalmia or microphthalmia. Prenatal diagnosis should be offered to healthy parents with a child with SOX2 mutation every pregnancy. 3232 Reproductive Genetics Corrigendum to “The status of depression and anxiety in infertile Turkish couples” [Iran J Reprod Med 2011; 9: 99-104] Kazandi Mert Gunday Ozlem Mermer Timucin Kurtulus Erturk Nuray Ozkınay Erdinc Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey. 1 8 2023 21 8 673 673 13 09 2023 28 08 2023 The publisher has been informed of an error that occurred on page 99 in which the second authors name must be changed to Ozlem Kayacik Gunday. On behalf of the author, the publisher wishes to apologize for this error. The online version of article has been updated on 12 June 2017.