2026-08-10T11:49:38+03:30 http://ijrm.ir/browse.php?mag_id=171&slc_lang=en&sid=1

171-1828 2026-08-10 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2021 19 11 Chinyere Charity Ezeanya-Bakpa cc.ezeanya@gmail.com Nneka Regina Agbakoba nr.agbakoba@unizik.edu.ng Charolette Blanche Oguejiofor cogobrus@yahoo.com Ifeoma Bessie Enweani-Nwokelo ib.enweani@unizik.edu.ng Background: Genetic evidence of asymptomatic Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum infection associated with infertility among females is lacking because suitable high throughput molecular methods have not been applied. Objective: This study aimed to explore the occurrence of M. hominis and U. urealyticum in the genital tract of females with asymptomatic infection and infertility as well as determine their genetic relatedness. Materials and Methods: The study group included 100 asymptomatic females and 31 females diagnosed with infertility. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene following DNA extraction was performed directly from endo-cervical swabs. Phylogenetic analysis established the genetic linkage between the isolates from both groups. Results: In asymptomatic females, M. hominis and U. urealyticum were detected with a prevalence of 8% and 2% respectively. Among females with infertility, the prevalence was 6.45% and 3.23% for M. hominis and U. urealyticum respectively. In both groups, M. hominis occurred significantly more frequently. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters in both groups: two with already characterized M. hominis and Ureaplasma species (28.6% of the overall Mycoplasma spp.) and one distinct cluster matched with U. urealyticum. Furthermore, all M. hominis from asymptomatic females clustered significantly with infertility contrary to U. urealyticum. The M. hominis cluster was significantly linked to two strains from China. Conclusion: The sequence analysis of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma in the genital tract of asymptomatic and infertile females showed significant association; therefore, it is paramount to consider them as possible etiologic agents of infertility and genital infection especially when the etiology of infertility is unknown.   Mycoplasma hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum Genetic linkage Asymptomatic infections Infertility. 2021 11 01 951 958 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-1828-en.pdf 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9910

171-1989 2026-08-10 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2021 19 11 Zohreh Manoochehri manoochehri.zohreh1400@gmail.com Sara Manoochehri Saramanochehri0098@gmail.com Farzaneh Soltani FarzanehSoltani2008@yahoo.com Leili Tapak l.tapak06@gmail.com Majid Sadeghifar sadeghifar@basu.ac.ir Background: Preeclampsia is a type of pregnancy hypertension disorder that has adverse effects on both the mother and the fetus. Despite recent advances in the etiology of preeclampsia, no adequate clinical screening tests have been identified to diagnose the disorder. Objective: We aimed to provide a model based on data mining approaches that can be used as a screening tool to identify patients with this syndrome and also to identify the risk factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: The data used to perform this cross-sectional study were extracted from the clinical records of 726 mothers with preeclampsia and 726 mothers without preeclampsia who were referred to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan City during April 2005-March 2015. In this study, six data mining methods were adopted, including logistic regression, k-nearest neighborhood, C5.0 decision tree, discriminant analysis, random forest, and support vector machine, and their performance was compared using the criteria of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: Underlying condition, age, pregnancy season and the number of pregnancies were the most important risk factors for diagnosing preeclampsia. The accuracy of the models were as follows: logistic regression (0.713), k-nearest neighborhood (0.742), C5.0 decision tree (0.788), discriminant analysis (0.687), random forest (0.758) and support vector machine (0.791). Conclusion: Among the data mining methods employed in this study, support vector machine was the most accurate in predicting preeclampsia. Therefore, this model can be considered as a screening tool to diagnose this disorder. Preeclampsia Random forest C5.0 decision tree Support vector machine Logistic regression. 2021 11 01 959 968 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-1989-en.pdf 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9911

171-1826 2026-08-10 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2021 19 11 Seyyed Mohsen Sadatinejad sadatinejad71@gmail.com Alireza Farokhian farrokhian_AR@gmail.com Mohsen Taghadosi taghadosi_m@kaums.ac.ir Seyed Gholamabbas Mosavi taghadosi_m@kaums.ac.ir Background: Sexual dysfunctions are common in men with ischemic heart disease, especially in men undergoing therapeutic interventions. Objective: This study intended to assess the effect of counseling on depression, anxiety, stress, sexual knowledge and sexual quality of life in men after invasive coronary interventions in the post catheterization department of Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital during 2018. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 54 male participants who had undergone an invasive coronary intervention. The intervention group received counseling and the control group underwent the standard ward routine. Data were collected using the depression anxiety stress scales, abraham's sexual quality of life, and the Yi-Hung Sexual Knowledge questionnaires before discharge and also two months later. Results: Within two months, the intervention group’s mean score of sexual knowledge significantly increased, compared with the control group, from 12.37 to 14.81 (p ≤ 0.001). The intervention group’s mean score of sexual quality of life also significantly increased, compared with the control group, from 48.2 to 60.7 (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the mean anxiety score changed in the intervention group from 11.18 to 5.25, again a significant difference compared with the control group (p = 0.01). But, the differences in the depression and stress scores were not significant. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that sexual counseling may improve sexual knowledge, sexual quality of life and anxiety in men following invasive coronary intervention, but might not reduce their stress or depression. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty Coronary artery bypass graft Life quality Depression Anxiety neuroses Sex counseling. 2021 11 01 969 978 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-1826-en.pdf 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9912

171-1948 2026-08-10 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2021 19 11 Vinita Singh ddvinitasingh@gmail.com Neelam Tamar paras8995@gmail.com Zamir Lone lonezamir@gmail.com Esha Das esha.grint@gmail.com Rajshree Sahu rjsahu.88@gmail.com Sagarika Majumdar sagarikamajumdar84@gmail.com Background: Research examining the role of vitamin D deficiency and the development of menstrual disorders in women is of widespread interest. Studies have been published showing that supplementation with high-dose vitamin D can lead to the restoration of the menstrual cycle. We lack adequate information regarding the effect of vitamin D levels on the physiology of menstruation and further on fertility in women of reproductive age due to the contradictory results reported by studies. Objective: To study the association of 25-hydroxy vitamin D with menstrual cycle characteristics including long and short cycle length and cycle irregularity. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum vitamin D level of 166 women attending an outpatient department with menstrual irregularities after excluding all obvious causes of menstrual disorders (n = 83) between April-June 2019 were measured and were compared with women of similar profiles with complaints other than menstrual irregularities (n = 83). Results: A decreased level of vitamin D was associated with a 13.3 times odds of an irregular cycle (OR (95% CI): 13.30 (5.79-30.60), p < 0.001). 25-hydroxy vitamin D was not associated with age or body mass index. We found a significant difference (p < 0.001) in mean vitamin D levels among the females with irregular cycles vs. regular cycles. Conclusion: Vitamin D plays a role in the physiology of reproduction specific to the menstrual cycle and ovulation. Long-term prospective studies assessing the exact cutoff value and the exact dose of supplementation required are needed. Menstrual disturbances Ovulation Reproductive period Vitamin D deficiency Dietary supplements Polycystic ovarian syndrome. 2021 11 01 979 986 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-1948-en.pdf 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9913

171-1944 2026-08-10 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2021 19 11 Amaneh Moradi fmmf1372@gmail.com Fatemeh Ghasemian ghasemian.21@gmail.com Farhad Mashayekhi mashayekhi@guilan.ac.ir Background: The dialogue between oocytes and their surrounding cells plays a major role in the progress of oocyte meiosis and their developmental potential. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of co-culture of normal granulosa-cumulus cells (GCCs) with oocytes from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) mice. Materials and Methods: Normal GCCs were collected from 10 virgin adult Naval Medical Research Institute female mice (30-35 gr, 7-8 wk old), and were cultured in an alpha-minimum essential medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum for 24-48 hr (1×106 cells/well). Then, germinal-vesicle oocytes from PCOS mice were cultured in the presence of cultured normal GCCs (experimental group) and without GCCs (control group). The maturation rate and quality of the PCOS oocytes were examined by evaluating TFAM and Cx43 gene expression (qReal Time-PCR) and the connection among PCOS oocytes and normal GCCs after 24 hr of culture. Results: The co-culture of normal GCCs and PCOS oocytes in the experimental group led to the formation of a complex called a PCOS oocyte-normal GCCs complex. The maturation rate of these complexes was significantly increased compared to that of the control group (p ≤ 0.001). A significant difference was also found in the expression of Cx43 (p ≤ 0.001) and TFAM (p < 0.05) genes in the experimental group compared with the control group. The connection between PCOS oocytes and normal GCCs was observed in the scanning electron microscope images. Conclusions: Co-culture with normal GCCs improves the capacity of PCOS oocytes to enter meiosis, which may result in the promotion of assisted reproduction techniques. PCOS Co-culture Granulosa-cumulus cells IVM Cx43. 2021 11 01 987 996 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-1944-en.pdf 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9914

171-1896 2026-08-10 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2021 19 11 Yousef Nasiri Bari yousefnasiri88@yahoo.com Vahab Babapour Vh.babapour@gmail.com Abbas Ahmadi ahmadiabbas36@yahoo.com Morteza Zendehdel Kheybari Zendedel@ut.ac.ir Ghasem Akbari akbarigh@yahoo.com Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease in women. Some plant compounds which have antioxidant properties, such as curcumin, may be useful for these patients when delivered orally or in vitro. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PCOS on oocyte quality and the effect of curcumin on in vitro fertilization of oocytes. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, naval medical research institute (NMRI) mice aged six to eight wk were used. Mice were divided into five experimental groups (control, experimental PCOS, curcumin 6, 12 and 24 μM). To induce experimental PCOS, estradiol valerate (100 mg/kg, IP) was injected. The total antioxidant capacity and production of malondialdehyde in ovarian tissue and blood serum were evaluated in all groups. Finally, 6, 12 and 24 μM of curcumin were added to the culture medium of the PCOS group oocytes and development in the different groups was evaluated. Results: A high percentage of oocytes for fertilization were not in good condition in terms of number and quality in the group of PCOS. The addition of curcumin to the embryo culture medium was associated with a higher percentage of fertilized oocytes, two-cells and blastocysts. This increase was significant at a concentration of 24 μM (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Adding curcumin to improve fetal growth and prevent the harmful effects of oxygen free radicals on the culture medium, it is recommended to add a certain concentration of curcumin under normal conditions without oxidative stress (OS). Polycystic ovary syndrome In vitro fertilization Curcumin Mice. 2021 11 01 997 1004 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-1896-en.pdf 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9915

171-1911 2026-08-10 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2021 19 11 Shaymaa Kadhim Jasim shaimaa79kadhim@gmail.com Hayder Al-Momen hayder77almusawi@gmail.com Ali Abdul Razzak Obaid ali11abdulhussein@yahoo.com Background: Repeated teenage pregnancy is a major burden on the healthcare system worldwide. Objective: We aimed to compare teenagers with their first and third pregnancies and to evaluate the likelihood of neonatal complications. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on female teenagers (aged ≤ 19 yr) with singleton pregnancies. The subjects (n = 298) were screened over 12 months. Ninety-six women were excluded, based on the exclusion criteria. The remaining subjects (n = 202) were divided into two groups: teenagers with first pregnancy (n = 96) and teenagers with third pregnancy (n = 47). The subjects were observed throughout pregnancy and delivery. The final sample size of the first and third pregnancy groups was 96 and 47, respectively. Results: There was a significant risk of preeclampsia in the first pregnancy group (p = 0.01). Low birth weight, five-min Apgar score < 7, and neonatal intensive care unit admission were the most significant neonatal outcomes in the first pregnancy group. In the third pregnancy group, significant predictors of neonatal complications included very young age in the first pregnancy (≤ 15 yr), an inter-pregnancy interval < 2 yr, current anemia, and history of obstetric and/or neonatal complications in previous pregnancies. Conclusion: Based on the results, teenagers with their first pregnancy had comparable obstetric outcomes (except for preeclampsia) as teenagers with their third pregnancy, whereas neonatal complications occurred more frequently in the first pregnancy group. Overall, we can predict high-risk neonates in the third pregnancy, based on the abovementioned parameters. Teenage pregnancy Complications Neonate. 2021 11 01 1005 1014 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-1911-en.pdf 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9916

171-1594 2026-08-10 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2021 19 11 Batool Hossein Rashidi bhrashidi@tums.ac.ir Khashayar Sayyari khashayar.sayari.m@gmail.com Ramin Heshmat rheshmat@tums.ac.ir Saeid Amanpour Amanpour_s@tums.ac.ir Ensieh Shahrokh Tehraninejad etehraninejad@ tums.ac.ir Masoumeh Masoumi masomeh_masomi@yahoo.com Farhang Rezaei Rezaei.F@orchidpharmed.com Background: Advances in recombinant DNA technology led to the development of recombinant follitropin alfa. Recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone products are used to stimulate follicular maturation. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of a biosimilar-candidate recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (Cinnal-f®; CinnaGen, Iran) with the reference product (Gonal-f®; Merck Serono, Germany) in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, a total sample size of 200 women (age < 35 yr, candidate for ICSI) was calculated. Participants began a pituitary downregulation protocol with buserelin. They received 150 IU daily of either Cinnal-f® or Gonal-f® from the second day of their cycle. The primary outcome of the study was the percentage of metaphase II (MII) oocytes. The secondary outcomes included the number and quality of oocytes retrieved, duration of stimulation, fertilization rate, embryo quality, the number of clinical and ongoing pregnancies, and the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (as an important safety marker). Results: A total of 208 women were enrolled, of whom, 200 completed the study period. Ovarian stimulation with Cinnal-f® resulted in a comparable percentage of MII oocytes as with Gonal-f® (78.64% vs 80.02%, respectively; p = 0.81). No statistically significant difference was seen in the secondary outcomes between the groups. Conclusion: Cinnal-f® proved non-inferior to Gonal-f®, based on the percentage of MII oocytes in women aged < 35 yr undergoing ICSI. Our findings confirm that the efficacy and safety profiles of Cinnal-f® and Gonal-f® are similar. Follitropin alfa Biosimilar Efficacy Safety Intracytoplasmic sperm injection. 2021 11 01 1015 1024 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-1594-en.pdf 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9917

171-2145 2026-08-10 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2021 19 11 Saleheh Tajalli saleheh_tajalli@yahoo.com Asad Imani imani-a@medilam.ac.ir On March 11 2020, the World Health Organization declared that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was a worldwide pandemic (1). This virus belongs to the group of beta- coronaviruses (2). At first it appeared that people aged over 60 yr had a higher risk of respiratory disabilities and death as a result of COVID-19 infection (3), but that pregnant women were not adversely affected (4). Then later, pregnant women were classified as an at-risk group; recently a report showed that COVID-19 infection during pregnancy can lead to adverse clinical consequences including maternal disease and life-threatening complications. Some mothers infected with COVID-19 have required hospitalization, intensive care, and invasive/noninvasive ventilation. Also spontaneous abortion, perinatal death, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and admission to the NICU are possible (5). COVID-19 infection in pregnant women with severe respiratory signs and symptoms is usually accompanied by maternal and neonatal adverse health consequences: low birth weight, preterm birth, maternal mortality, and eclampsia (6, 7). Undoubtedly, pregnant women experience a worsening of signs and symptoms throughout and after pregnancy when infected with COVID-19 (8, 9). Adverse results of this specific condition are stress, anxiety, forced isolation, loneliness, and depression, which are heightened in pregnant women (10, 11). These women have additional concerns about their own and their unborn baby’s health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictive public health actions were implemented to reduce community transmission: quarantine implementations, border closures and travel bans, isolation and physical distancing, interaction limitation, and decreased access to social support (12, 13). Coronavirus is rapidly spreading around the world and its psychological effects are increasing gradually (14). Certainly, COVID-19, as a novel coronavirus, is responsible for overwhelming emotional and psychological changes. During this pandemic, pregnant women and other vulnerable groups are unprotected from the high levels of stress and other psychological disorders. COVID-19 COVID-19 pandemic 2021 11 01 1025 1026 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-2145-en.pdf 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9918

171-2427 2026-08-10 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2021 19 11 Farahnaz Farnia Abbas Aflatoonian Athareh Kalantari kalantariathara@gmail.com In this issue of IJRM, Farahnaz Farnia and colleagues requested correction of their article titled " Comparing the effects of nursing versus peer-based education methods on the preoperative anxiety in infertile women: An RCT". The authors reviewed the data and confirmed the critical but inadvertent typographical errors had occurred in the paper. As the authors explain in their letter to the editor, the errors are listed as:   •   The word "randomized" has been changed to "evaluated" in the M&M section of the abstract. Also, the type of study has been corrected as "randomized clinical trial". •   The trial registration code has been added at the end of the abstract section. •   In the M&M section in the main text, the time of study has been changed to "February to August 2017". •   The type of study has been corrected as "randomized clinical trial", and the randomization description has been modified. •   The name and code of the ethics committee have been revised. •   In the statistical analysis section, the Chi-square test was also used, which has been added. •   The first four sentences of the result section have been changed to: "From a total of 240 women candidates for the ovarian puncture, 42 women were excluded due to not meeting the inclusion criteria or unwillingness to participate during the intervention." •   Information about nurse education and control groups was incorrectly listed in table I, which was corrected. The total column has been deleted, and the ANOVA test at the bottom of the table has been changed to the Chi-Square test. •   The total column has been deleted in table II.    The analysis was reconducted and a corrected article has been provided with corrections to the paper; and relevant tables. The authors have confirmed that there are no other errors. The corrected article has been reviewed, and we have confirmed that the overall conclusion has not been changed as stated in the updated article available at: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.18502/ijrm.v17i12.5795 (updated on August 29, 2021). education methods effects of nursing 2021 11 01 1027 1027 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-2427-en.pdf 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9919