2026-10-15T14:55:17+03:30 http://ijrm.ir/browse.php?mag_id=62&slc_lang=en&sid=1

62-949 2026-10-15 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2014 12 8 Ensieh Shahrokh Tehraninejad royakabodmehri@yahoo.com Roya Kabodmehri royakabodmehri@yahoo.com Batol Hosein Rashidi Mina Jafarabadi royakabodmehri@yahoo.com Fateme Keikha royakabodmehri@yahoo.com Background: Estrogen and progesterone are two crucial factors for endometrial preparation in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Studies assessing different forms of estradiol in FET have published already but literature lacks enough surveys on transdermal estrogen application in reproductive medicine. Objective: To investigate the effects of trans dermal estrogen (Oestrogel) on pregnancy rates in patients that candidate for FET cycle. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 100 women undergoing FET cycles referred to Imam Khomeeini Hospital were enrolled in two groups, randomly. Group I received 8 mg/day estradiol valerate (E2 tablet) orally and group II were treated with 6 mg/day transdermal oestrogel gel after suppression with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist. In both groups medication were started in the first day of menstruation cycle and continued until endometrial thickness reached 8 mm. Pregnancy rates (chemical, clinical, and ongoing), abortion rate, live birth rate, and frequency of complications were compared between two groups. Results: Chemical and clinical pregnancy rates were not significantly different between two groups (p=0.384). The abortion rate was significantly lower in group II than group I (p=0.035). Ongoing pregnancy and the live birth rates were significantly higher in group II (p=0.035). The rate of complication was not different in two groups. Conclusion: Oestrogel seems to enhance ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates in comparison to estradiol valerate tablet. FET cycle Transdermal estrogen Estradiol valerate GnRH analogue. Registration ID in IRCT: IRCT2016092429951N1 2014 8 01 0 0

62-575 2026-10-15 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2014 12 8 Zahra Moazami Goudarzi Hossein Fallahzadeh hofaab@yahoo.com Abbas Aflatoonian Masoud Mirzaei Background: Some trials have compared laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) with gonadotropins but, because of variations in study design and small sample size, the results are inconsistent and definitive conclusions about the relative efficacy of LOD and gonadotropins cannot be extracted from the individual studies. Objective: To evaluate the relative efficacy of LOD and gonadotropins for infertile women with clomiphene citrate- resistant poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and Methods: A complete electronic literature search in databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Google scholar for some specific keywords was accomplished. We contained randomized clinical trials comparing outcomes between LOD, without medical ovulation induction, and gonadotropins. Results: Six trials, covering 499 women, reported on the primary outcome of pregnancy rate. There was no evidence of a difference in pregnancy rate when LOD compared with gonadotropins (OR: 0.534; 95% CI: 0.242-1.176, p=0.119, 6 trials, 499 women, I2=73.201%). There was evidence of significantly fewer live births following LOD compared with gonadotropin (OR: 0.446; 95% CI: 0.269-0.74, p=0.02, 3 trials, 318 women, I2=3.353%). The rate of multiple pregnancies was significantly lower in the LOD arm compared to the gonadotropins arm (OR: 0.127; 95% CI: 0.028-0.579, p=0.008, 3 trials, 307 women, I2=0%). Conclusion: Our result revealed that there was no evidence of a significant difference in rates of clinical pregnancy and miscarriage in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS undergoing LOD compared to the gonadotropin arm. The decrease in multiple pregnancies rate in women undergoing LOD makes this option attractive. The increase in live birth rate in the gonadotropin group may be because of the higher rate of multiple pregnancies in these women. However, more focus on the long-term effects of LOD on ovarian function is suggested. Ovarian drilling Polycystic ovary syndrome Meta-analysis Gonadotropin Infertility Clomiphene citrate. 2014 8 01 531 0 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-575-en.pdf

62-571 2026-10-15 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2014 12 8 Tahereh Eftekhar Farnaz Sohrabvand Neda Zabandan Mamak Shariat Fedyeh Haghollahi fedyeh_hagh@yahoo.com Akram Ghahghaei-Nezamabadi Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is presented with characteristic complications such as chronic an ovulation, obesity, and hyperandrogenism which can affect sexual function in women of reproductive age. Objective: Herein we evaluated the frequency and predisposing factors of sexual dysfunction in infertile PCOS patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 130 married women with a definite diagnosis of PCOS who were referred due to infertility were recruited. They were evaluated concerning their sexual function in the domains of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain with the female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire. Results: The frequency of sexual dysfunction was verified 57.7% in PCOS patients with the domains of desire and arousal being commonly affected in 99.2% and 98.5%of cases respectively. BMI had a significant effect on sexual desire and arousal (p=0.02) while the effect of hirsutism was significant on all domains (p<0.001 for total FSFI score) except for dyspareunia. Conclusion: PCOS patients markedly suffer from sexual dysfunction as comorbidity. It seems appropriate to screen all PCOS patients for sexual function with a simple short questionnaire such as FSFI. Targeted interventions could be considered to help improve their quality of life along with other treatments.  Polycystic ovary syndrome Physiological sexual dysfunction Infertility Psychological sexual dysfunction Libido Arousal. 2014 8 01 539 0 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-571-en.pdf

62-572 2026-10-15 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2014 12 8 Maryam Niknejadi mniknezhady@yahoo.co.uk Farnaz Akhbari Fatemeh Niknejad Gholamreza Khalili Marzieh Shiva Background: Traditionally, septate uterus was diagnosed with invasive method like hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy. Nowadays transvaginal ultrasonography was reported to be a sensitive tool for detection of septate uterus too. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the application of two dimensional ultrasound (2-DUS) and real time three dimensional ultrasound (3-DUS) in differentiating various type of septated uterus. Hysteroscopy confirmation was assigned as the gold standard. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed among 215 infertile women with suspected septate uterus from October 2008 to July 2012. An inclusion criterion was septated uterus based on HSG or experiencing abortion, preterm labor, or recurrent IVF failure. Fusion anomalies were excluded from the study (unicornuate, bicornuate and didelphys anomalies). The results of 3D and 2D sonographies were compared, while they were confirmed by hysteroscopy result in detection of septated uterus. Kappa index for agreement between 2DUS and hysteroscopy, as well as 3-DUS and hysteroscopy in detection of septate uterus was carried out. By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, cut off points for predicting the kind of anomalies were proposed. Results: The women were evaluated by 2-DUS (n=89) and (II) 3-DUS (n=126). All women underwent hysteroscopy, following 2-DUS and 3-DUS at the same or subsequent cycle. The results of kappa (K) index were 0.575 and 0.291 for 3-DUS and hysteroscopy, as well as 2-DUS and hysteroscopy, respectively. Also, the cutoff points were 27% for arcuate and subseptate, and 35% for differentiating septate and subseptate. Conclusion: Real time 3-DUS has better ability for visualization both uterine cavity and the fundal uterine, so it has higher agreement in detection of septate uterus than 2-DUS.  Congenital abnormalities Ultrasonography Hysteroscopy. 2014 8 01 547 0 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-572-en.pdf

62-573 2026-10-15 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2014 12 8 Bingbing Zheng Xiangyang Xue Yiping Zhao Jing Chen Chao Yi Xu Ping Duan duanping_2011@163.com Background: Recent studies showed that inappropriate expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is strongly associated with tumor-related processes in humans (2-9,11-17). Objective: To understand the changes of miRNAs in endometriosis. Materials and Methods: With real-time RT-PCR, we investigated the miR-143 and miR-145 expression in eutopic (EU, n=2) and ectopic endometrium (EC, n=11) (from women with endometriosis) (as well as EU+EC, n=11), along with the normal endometrium (EN, n=22) (from women without endometriosis, but with leiomyoma). Results: We did not find that the expression of miR-143 and/or miR-145 in EN or EC changed with menstrual cycle. But our results showed the miR-143 was up-regulated in EC (p=0.000) compared to EN. The miR-143 was also up-regulated in EU, but the difference did not reach statistically significance (p=0.053). Compared to EU, the expression of miR-143 in EC was up-regulated (p=0.016). MiR-145 had the similar characteristic to miR-143. The miR-145 was up-regulated in both EU (p=0.004) and EC (p=0.000) in compared to EN group. When compared with EU, the miR-145 in EC was up-regulated (p=0.008). Conclusion: In conclusion, the miR-143 and miR-145 may play a certain role in the development and progression of endometriosis. MiRNA (microRNA) MiR-143 MiR-145 Endometriosis 2014 8 01 555 0 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-573-en.pdf

62-574 2026-10-15 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2014 12 8 Marzieh Rostami Dovom Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani fah.tehrani@gmail.com Mehrandokht Abedini Golshan Amirshekari Somayeh Hashemi Mahsa Noroozzadeh Background: Infertility has a varied impact on multiple dimensions of health and functioning of women. Objective: We aimed to identify the burden of infertility and its influencing factors based on a population based study conducted in four provinces of Iran. Materials and Methods: A sample of 1126 women, aged 18-45 years, was selected using the multi stage, stratified probability sampling procedure; those met the eligibility criteria were invited for further comprehensive interview. This study used the definition of infertility proposed by World Health Organization “the woman has never conceived despite cohabitation and exposure to pregnancy for a period of 1 year”. Results: The overall prevalence of lifetime infertility and current primary infertility were 21.1% (95% CI: 18.4- 23.8) and 6.4% (95% CI: 4.8-8) respectively. The probability of first pregnancy at the end of 2 years of marriage was 94% for all ever-married women. Infertility were observed as significantly higher among women age 31-35 (OR: 4.6; 95% CI: 1.9-11.5; p=0.001) and women with more than 9 years of education (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5-3.3; p<0.0001). Conclusion: The necessities of modern living have compelled many women to postpone childbearing to their late reproductive years; however they must be informed of being at risk of infertility with ageing. Infertility Prevalence Female Sterility Population based study 2014 8 01 561 0 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-574-en.pdf

62-568 2026-10-15 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2014 12 8 Huan Zhang Ying Zhou Yan Li Yi Zheng Shiquan Xiao Yonggen Wu Haiqing Wang Xuefeng Huang shuoz10@126.com Background: The selection of blastocyst warmed for transfer is based on pre-freeze morphology in vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfer cycles. But, it is controversial which parameter of blastocyst morphology most closely related to the clinical outcomes. Objective: To estimate the effect of blastocoele expansion, trophectoderm (TE) morphology grade, and inner cell mass (ICM) morphology grade on clinical pregnancy in vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfers. Materials and Methods: There were 172 vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfer cycles during the year 2012 included in this analysis. Comparison of clinical results between pregnancy and no pregnancy group based on patient and blastocyst morphology characteristics was done. Then stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to select the best morphological predictor for clinical pregnancy. Last, comparison of patient characteristics and clinical outcomes separated by the best independent morphological predictor was done. Results: Comparison of clinical results between pregnancy and no pregnancy group and logistic regression showed the clinical pregnancy rate was affected by ICM. Comparison of patient characteristics separated by ICM grade, ICM grade A cycles got higher clinical pregnancy rate than ICM grade B cycles (54.3% vs. 35.0% respectively, p=0.037). Conclusion: Blastocyst with good ICM morphology could increase clinical pregnancy rate in vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfer cycles. In vitro fertilization Inner cell mass Blastocyst Vitrification Morphology 2014 8 01 567 0 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-568-en.pdf

62-569 2026-10-15 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2014 12 8 Tahere Dehghan Hossein Mozdarani mozdarah@modares.ac.ir Arezoo Khoradmehr Seyed Mehdi Kalantar Mohsen Bakhshandeh Fathollah Bouzarjomehri Seyed Milad Kalantar Morteza Sepehr Javan Background: Radiotherapy has many side effects on fertilization in young women. Radiation can lead to ovarian failure in women who underwent abdomen or pelvic radiotherapy. Objective: This study helps us to investigate ovarian response of NMRI female mice to ovarian stimulating hormones (PMSG, HCG) after whole-body gamma irradiation. Materials and Methods: 45 pregnant mice were divided into two groups of control and experimental. The experimental group was classified into three sub-groups: Irradiation group (2 or 4Gy),Superovulation group (10 or 15IU),and superovulation and gamma-radiation group (2Gy & 10IU, 2Gy & 15IU, 4Gy & 10IU,4Gy & 15IU). Female mice were killed and embryos were removed from oviduct .The number of embryos cells counted and the quality of them was evaluated in each group. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant difference in the number of 2-4 cells grade D embryos in 2Gy & 15IU group compared with control and 2Gy groups (p=0.01), and the number of embryos in 4Gy group was more than in 10IU and 15IU (p=0.03) and 2Gy & 15IU groups (p=0.01). It was more significantly embryos in 4Gy & 15IU group compared to 2Gy & 15IU group (p=0.01).In addition There were no significant differences in the number of 2-4 cells grades A, B and C embryos and also number of 4-8 cells grades A, B and C, D embryos in groups. Conclusion: The concurrent use of ovulation stimulating hormones and gamma rays ameliorates this problem of drastic decrease in number of living embryos due to whole-body irradiation. PMSG-HCG Gamma rays Whole body irradiation 2014 8 01 573 0 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-569-en.pdf

62-570 2026-10-15 10.1002

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine IJRM 2476-4108 2476-3772 10.29252/ijrm 2014 12 8 Mohammad Hasanzadeh-NazarAbadi nazarabadim@mums.ac.ir Fatemeh Baghbani Iman Namazi Salmeh Mirzaee Background: Approximately 205 million pregnancies occur each year in the worldwide. On the other hand, Spontaneous abortion has been reported in 15-20% of all diagnosed pregnancies. The most common cause of spontaneous abortion is chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo. Robertsonian translocation carriers specially 21-14 are the most common balanced rearrangement among the carrier couples with the history of spontaneous abortion. In order to search for balanced chromosomal rearrangement and cytogenetic disorders, 10 members of related family with consanguinity marriage with the history of recurrent miscarriage were assessed. Case: Cytogenetic evaluation on the basis G-banding technique at high resolution was performed in 3 couples and their related family with the history of idiopathic RSA in order to postulate any balanced chromosomal rearrangement. Conclusion: six members of them appeared with robertsonian balanced translocation between chromosome No.21 to No. 14 with the karyotype of 45, XX, t (14, 21) and 45, XY, t (14, 21), which this results are in agreement with several similar works which claimed that the risk of spontaneous abortion in couples with balanced chromosomal rearrangements is higher compared with general population. Considering to results of present study, it seems as if the cytogenetic analysis of couples with the history of recurrent abortions should be suggested compulsory to estimate the probable presence of any chromosomal rearrangement. This offer wills valuable information for genetic consulting. Spontaneous abortion Balanced chromosomal rearrangement Robertsonian translocation Chromosomal abnormality 2014 8 01 581 0 http://ijrm.ir/article-1-570-en.pdf