Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2009)                   IJRM 2009, 7(2): 85-90 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rajaei F, Farokhi M, Ghasemi N, Pahlevan A A. Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on mouse epididymis and deferens ducts. IJRM 2009; 7 (2) :85-90
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-143-en.html
Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on mouse epididymis and deferens ducts
Farzad Rajaei * 1, Mehdi Farokhi2 , Nazem Ghasemi2 , Ali Asghar Pahlevan3
1- Infertility Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran , farzadraj@yahoo.co.uk
2- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
3- Basic Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Abstract:   (2179 Views)
Background: Considerable attention is focused on effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) and its increasing use in everyday life. Appliances and various equipments are sources of electromagnetic fields with a wide-range of technical characteristics.
Objective: In this study we investigated the effect of EMF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) on epididymis and deferens duct in mice.
Materials and Methods: 30 BALB/C mice were selected and divided into three groups (control, sham and experimental). While control and sham groups were not exposed to EMF, the experimental group was exposed to EMF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) 4 hours a day, 6 days per week and for 2 months. At the end of 2 months, the mice were sacrificed, dissected and samples from epididymis and vas deferens in all groups were taken and processed for light microscopic studies. 40 microscopic fields from each group were randomly selected. The diameters and the height of epithelial cells of epididymis and deferens duct in 3 groups were measured and compared using statistical methods.
Results: The data showed that the mean diameter of epididymis and deferens duct in EMF group was significantly decreased compared to the control group (p=0.001). The height of epithelial cells in epididymis and deferens duct in EMF group was considerably reduced compared to the control and sham groups (p=0.001). In addition, the weight of testes in EMF group was significantly decreased compared to the control and sham groups (p<0.007). Conclusion: It could be concluded that the exposure to EMF leads to detrimental effects on male reproductive system in mice as seen by a decrease in diameter of reproductive ducts, the height of epithelial cells and weight of testes.
Keywords: Electromagnetic field, Mouse, Epididymis, Deferens duct.
Full-Text [PDF 150 kb]   (537 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (363 Views)  
Type of Study: Original Article |
References
1. Dragasevic N, Potrebić A, Damjanović A, Stefanova E, Kostić VS. Therapeutic efficacy of bilateral prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed patients with Parkinson's disease: an open study. Mov Disord 2002; 17: 528-532. [DOI:10.1002/mds.10109]
2. Berg H. Electrostimulation of cell metabolism by low frequency electricand electromagnetic fields. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 1993; 31: 1-25. [DOI:10.1016/0302-4598(93)86102-7]
3. Rollwitz J, Lupke M, Simko M. Fifty-hertz magnetic fields inducefree radical formation in mouse bone marrow-derived promonocytes and macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004; 1674: 231-238. [DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.06.024]
4. Till U, Timmel CR, Brocklerhurst B, Hore PJ. The influence of very small magnetic fields on radical recombination reactions in the limit of slow recombination. Chem Phys Lett 1998; 208: 7-14. [DOI:10.1016/S0009-2614(98)01158-0]
5. AL-Akhras MA, Darmani H, Elbetich A. Influence of 50 HZ magnetic field on sex hormones and other fertility parameters of adult rats. Bioelectromagnetic 2006; 27: 127 - 131. [DOI:10.1002/bem.20186]
6. Tribukait B, Cekan E, Paulsson LE. Effects of pulsedmagnetic fields on embryonic development in mice. Elsevier Science Publishers 1987; 206-213.
7. Al-Akhras MA, Elbetieha A, Hasan MK, Al-Omari I, Darmani H, Albiss B. Effects of low-frequency magneticfield on fertility of adult male and female rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2001; 22: 340-344. [DOI:10.1002/bem.59]
8. Michel MC. α1-Adrenoceptors and ejaculatory function. British Journal of Pharmacology 2007; 152: 289-290. [DOI:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707369]
9. Chinoy NJ. Structure and physiology of mammalian vas deferens in relation to fertility regulation. Journal of Biosciences 1985; 7: 215-221. [DOI:10.1007/BF02703591]
10. Moor HDM. Contribution of epididymal factors to sperm maturation and storage. Andrologia 1998; 30: 233-239. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1998.tb01165.x]
11. Moor HDM, Akhondi MA. In vitro maturation of mammalian spermatozoa. Rev Reprod 1996; 1: 54-60. [DOI:10.1530/ror.0.0010054]
12. Fews AP, Henshaw DL, Keitch PA, Close JJ, Wilding RJ. Increased exposure to pollutant aerosols under high voltage power lines. Int J Radiat Biol 1999; 75:1505-1521. [DOI:10.1080/095530099139115]
13. Fews AP, Henshaw DL, Wilding RJ, Keitch PA. Corona ions from powerlines and increased exposure to pollutant aerosols. Int J Radiat Biol 1999; 75: 1523-1531. [DOI:10.1080/095530099139124]
14. Tynes T, Klaeboe L, Haldorsen T. Residential and occupational exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields and malignant melanoma: a population based study. Occup Environ Med 2003; 60: 343-347. [DOI:10.1136/oem.60.5.343]
15. Feychting M, Jonsson F, Pedersen NL, Ahlbom A. Occupational magnetic field exposure and neurodegenerative disease. Epidemiology 2003; 14: 413-419. [DOI:10.1097/01.EDE.0000071409.23291.7b]
16. Ahlbom A. Neurodegenerative diseases, suicide and depressive symptoms in relation to EMF. Bioelectromagnetics 2001; 5: 132-143. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-186X(2001)22:5+<::AID-BEM1029>3.0.CO;2-V [DOI:10.1002/1521-186X(2001)22:5+3.0.CO;2-V]
17. Lee GM, Neutra RR, Hristova L, Yost M, Hiatt RA. A nested case-control study of residential and personal magnetic field measures and miscarriages. Epidemiology 2002; 13: 21-31. [DOI:10.1097/00001648-200201000-00005]
18. Tablado L, Pérez-Sánchez F, Nú-ez J, Nú-ez M, Soler C. Effects of exposure to static magnetic fields on the morphology and morphometry of mouse epididymal sperm. Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 19: 377 - 383. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1998)19:6<377::AID-BEM5>3.0.CO;2-Z [DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1998)19:63.0.CO;2-Z]
19. Tablado L, Soler C, Nú-ez M, Nú-ez J, Pérez-Sánchez F. Development of mouse testis and epididymis following intrauterine exposure to a static magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 2000; 21: 19 -24. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(200001)21:1<19::AID-BEM4>3.0.CO;2-1 [DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(200001)21:13.0.CO;2-1]
20. Mileva K, Georgieva B, Radicheva N. About the biological effects of high and extremely high frequency electromagnetic fields. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg. 2003; 27: 89-100.
21. Tablado L, Pérez-Sánchez F, Soler C. Is sperm motility maturation affected by static magnetic fields? Environ Health Perspect 1996; 104:1212-1216. [DOI:10.1289/ehp.961041212]
22. Wilson BW, Matt KS, Morris JE, Sasser LB, Miller DL, Anderson LE. Effects of 60 Hz magnetic field exposure on the pineal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 20: 224-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1999)20:4<224::AID-BEM3>3.0.CO;2-A [DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1999)20:43.0.CO;2-A]
23. Kim YW, Lee JS, Jang IE, Choi YH, Kang SH, Jung KC, et al. Effects of continuous exposure of 60Hz magnetic fields on the mice through the third-generation. IEEK 2001; 28: 220-233.
24. Lee JS, Ahn SS, Jung KC, Kim Y, Lee SK. Effects of 60 HZ electromagnetic field exposure on testicular germ cell apoptosis in mice, Asian J Androl 2004; 6: 29-34.
25. Thalau HP, Raczek J, Marx B, Hombach V, Cooper J. Temperature changes in chicken embryos exposed to a continuous-wave 1.25 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field. Radiat Res 2003; 159: 685-692. [DOI:10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0685:TCICEE]2.0.CO;2]
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb