International Journal of
Reproductive Biomedicine
Thu, Nov 21, 2024
[Archive]
Volume 21, Issue 6 ( June 2023 2023)
IJRM 2023, 21(6): 491-498 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Shafaei A, Shamsian S A A, Ghodsi M, Sadabadi F, Shahi M. Influence of sexually transmitted infections on the cervical cytological abnormalities among Iranian women: A cross-sectional study. IJRM 2023; 21 (6) :491-498
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-2723-en.html
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-2723-en.html
Azam Shafaei1 
, Seyyed Ali Akbar Shamsian2 , Mohammad Ghodsi1 , Fatemeh Sadabadi3 , Maryam Shahi * 4
, Seyyed Ali Akbar Shamsian2 , Mohammad Ghodsi1 , Fatemeh Sadabadi3 , Maryam Shahi * 4
1- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
2- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.
3- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran. ,shahi.maryam@gmail.com
2- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.
3- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran. ,
Abstract: (651 Views)
Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the world's most severe health challenges. The existence of STIs such as human papillomavirus (HPV) might cause cervical cell changes leading to cervical cancer.
Objective: This study aims to assess the association of STIs with cervical cytological abnormalities and genital warts among women in northeastern Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 190 women referred to the central laboratory of Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Mashhad, Iran from March to July 2022. The presence of genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Herpes simplex viruses (1 and 2) were assessed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. HPV genital infection was detected based on the principles of reverse hybridization, and cellular changes in the cervix were examined by the liquid-based cytology technique.
Results: The mean age of participants was 35.33 ± 8.9 yr. 34 different HPV genotypes were detected in all HPV-positive cases, and the most common genotype was low-risk HPV6. No significant association was found between STIs and cervical cytology abnormalities. The prevalence rates of sexually transmitted pathogens among HPV-positive and HPV-negative individuals were 10.9 and 1.6%, respectively. The frequency of genital warts was significantly higher in cases with multiple infections of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes.
Conclusion: High percentages of the participants with non-HPV STIs and HPV infection had normal cervical cytology. It is advised to use STIs and HPV diagnostic tests along with cytology examinations for cervical cancer screening.
Objective: This study aims to assess the association of STIs with cervical cytological abnormalities and genital warts among women in northeastern Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 190 women referred to the central laboratory of Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Mashhad, Iran from March to July 2022. The presence of genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Herpes simplex viruses (1 and 2) were assessed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. HPV genital infection was detected based on the principles of reverse hybridization, and cellular changes in the cervix were examined by the liquid-based cytology technique.
Results: The mean age of participants was 35.33 ± 8.9 yr. 34 different HPV genotypes were detected in all HPV-positive cases, and the most common genotype was low-risk HPV6. No significant association was found between STIs and cervical cytology abnormalities. The prevalence rates of sexually transmitted pathogens among HPV-positive and HPV-negative individuals were 10.9 and 1.6%, respectively. The frequency of genital warts was significantly higher in cases with multiple infections of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes.
Conclusion: High percentages of the participants with non-HPV STIs and HPV infection had normal cervical cytology. It is advised to use STIs and HPV diagnostic tests along with cytology examinations for cervical cancer screening.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Reproductive Oncology
References
1. Xiu L, Zhang C, Li Y, Wang F, Peng J. Simultaneous detection of eleven sexually transmitted agents using multiplexed PCR coupled with MALDI-TOF analysis. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12: 2671-2682. [DOI:10.2147/IDR.S219580] [PMID] [PMCID]
2. Alotaibi HJ, Almajhdi FN, Alsaleh AN, Obeid DA, Khayat HH, Al-Muammer TA, et al. Association of sexually transmitted infections and human papillomavirus co-infection with abnormal cervical cytology among women in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27: 1587-1595. [DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.03.021] [PMID] [PMCID]
3. Casillas-Vega N, Morfín-Otero R, García S, Camacho-Ortiz A, Garza-González E. Causative agents, diseases, epidemiology and diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. Rev Med Microbiol 2017; 28: 9-18. [DOI:10.1097/MRM.0000000000000089]
4. Hanna J, Yassine R, El-Bikai R, Curran MD, Azar M, Yeretzian J, et al. Molecular epidemiology and socio-demographic risk factors of sexually transmitted infections among women in Lebanon. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20: 375. [DOI:10.1186/s12879-020-05066-8] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. López de Munain J. Epidemiology and current control of sexually transmitted infections: The role of STI clinics. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2019; 37: 45-49. [DOI:10.1016/j.eimc.2018.10.015] [PMID]
6. Bhatla N, Aoki D, Sharma DN, Sankaranarayanan R. Cancer of the cervix uteri: 2021 update. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 155 (Suppl.): 28-44. [DOI:10.1002/ijgo.13865] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Condrat CE, Filip L, Gherghe M, Cretoiu D, Suciu N. Maternal HPV infection: Effects on pregnancy outcome. Viruses 2021; 13: 2455. [DOI:10.3390/v13122455] [PMID] [PMCID]
8. Araldi RP, Sant'Ana TA, Módolo DG, de Melo TC, Spadacci-Morena DD, de Cassia Stocco R, et al. The human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer biology: An overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106: 1537-1556. [DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.149] [PMID]
9. Hlatshwayo M, Reno HEL, Yarbrough ML. STI update: Testing, treatment, and emerging threats. Cleve Clin J Med 2019; 86: 733-740. [DOI:10.3949/ccjm.86a.18098] [PMID]
10. Oh HY, Kim BS, Seo SS, Kong JS, Lee JK, Park SY, et al. The association of uterine cervical microbiota with an increased risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Korea. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21: 674.e1-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.cmi.2015.02.026] [PMID]
11. Suehiro TT, Gimenes F, Souza RP, Taura SKI, Cestari RCC, Irie MMT, et al. High molecular prevalence of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections in a population of asymptomatic women who work or study at a Brazilian university. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021; 63: e1. [DOI:10.1590/s1678-9946202163001] [PMID] [PMCID]
12. Menezes LJ, Pokharel U, Sudenga SL, Botha MH, Zeier M, Abrahamsen ME, et al. Patterns of prevalent HPV and STI co-infections and associated factors among HIV-negative young Western Cape, South African women: The EVRI trial. Sex Transm Infect 2018; 94: 55-61. [DOI:10.1136/sextrans-2016-053046] [PMID] [PMCID]
13. Mehri M, Hosseinzadeh Kakroudi S, Askari FS, Mohebbi A, Tabarraei A. Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in patients with genital warts in Gorgan, Iran. J Clin Basic Res 2020; 4: 3-9. [DOI:10.52547/jcbr.4.3.3]
14. Shahi M, Shamsian SAA, Ghodsi M, Shafaei A. Prevalence of different human papillomavirus genotypes and their relationship with pap smear test results in Mashhad, Iran. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2021; 31: 149-155.
15. Ahmadi MH, Mirsalehian A, Bahador A. Prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathog Glob Health 2015; 109: 290-299. [DOI:10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000033] [PMID] [PMCID]
16. Javanmard D, Behravan M, Ghannadkafi M, Salehabadi A, Ziaee M, Namaei MH. Detection of chlamydia trachomatis in pap smear samples from south Khorasan Province of Iran. Int J Fertil Steril 2018; 12: 31-36.
17. Mortazavi SM, Tarinjoo A, Dastani S, Niyazpour M, Dahaghin S, Mirnejad R. Molecular detection of sexually transmitted infections in women with and without human papillomaviruses infection who referred to Tehran West Hospitals in Iran. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 10: 387-395. [DOI:10.52547/rbmb.10.3.387] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Farahmand Z, Soleimanjahi H, Garshasbi M, Hasanzadeh M, Zafari E. Distribution of the most common types of HPV in Iranian women with and without cervical cancer. Women Health 2021; 61: 73-82. [DOI:10.1080/03630242.2020.1822490] [PMID]
19. Martinelli M, Musumeci R, Sechi I, Sotgiu G, Piana A, Perdoni F, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among Italian women referred for a colposcopy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16: 5000. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph16245000] [PMID] [PMCID]
20. Singh MP, Rungta T, Saikia UN. Role of human papillomavirus 6 & 11 in condyomata acuminata in Indian patients. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2021; 64: 532-534. [DOI:10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_198_20] [PMID]
21. Hasanzadeh M, Rejali M, Mehramiz M, Akbari M, Mousavi Seresht L, Yazdandoost Y, et al. The interaction of high and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes increases the risk of developing genital warts: A population-based cohort study. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120: 12870-12874. [DOI:10.1002/jcb.28557] [PMID]
22. Zhu C, Wang Y, Mao W, Zhang H, Ma J. Prevalence and distribution of HPV types in genital warts in Xi'an, China: A prospective study. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e023897. [DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023897] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Ozaydin-Yavuz G, Bilgili SG, Guducuoglu H, Yavuz IH, Elibuyuk-Aksac S, Karadag AS. Determinants of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in anogenital warts. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36: 76-81. [DOI:10.5114/ada.2019.82915] [PMID] [PMCID]
24. Mzarico E, Gómez-Roig MD, Guirado L, Lorente N, Gonzalez-Bosquet E. Relationship between smoking, HPV infection, and risk of Cervical cancer. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 2015; 36: 677-680.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
