Volume 10, Issue 3 (7-2012)                   IJRM 2012, 10(3): 209-218 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Razi M, Sadrkhanloo R A, Malekinejad H, Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei F. Testicular biohistochemical alterations following experimental varicocele in rats. IJRM 2012; 10 (3) :209-218
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-287-en.html
Testicular biohistochemical alterations following experimental varicocele in rats
Mazdak Razi * 1, Rajab Ali Sadrkhanloo2 , Hassan Malekinejad3 , Farshid Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei4
1- Department of Comparative Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran , Mazdak.razi@gmail.com
2- Department of Comparative Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4- Department of Clinical Science, Surgery Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Abstract:   (3321 Views)
Background: The exact pathophysiology of testicular degeneration, following varicocele has not been completely understood yet.  
Objective: The current study was designed to determine the effect of varicocele on germinal epithelium (GE) cytoplasmic biohistochmical alterations.   Materials and Methods: To follow-up this study, left varicocele was induced in test groups. Non-varicocelized rats were served as control-sham (n=6). Following 4, 6 and 8 months, right and left testes were dissected out and the blood serum sample was taken. The GE cytoplasmic carbohydrate, lipid accumulation, lipase and alkaline-phosphates (ALP) ratios were analyzed. Serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone were measured.
Results: Observations demonstrated that in varicocele-induced rats, the spermatogenesis cell lineage exhibited lower number of cells with periodic acid shift positive cytoplasm, higher number of cells with lipid and ALP positive stained cytoplasm in comparison to control animals. Lipase enzyme decreased by the time in the test animals. In varicocelized groups the number of Leydig cells decreased in to 2.25±0.41 and 1.16±0.75 per one mm 2 in left and right testicles respectively after 8 months, and these cells demonstrated an ALP positive feature. In test groups, the serum levels of LH and FSH reduced into 1.12±0.01 and 2.03±0.05 ng/ml respectively after 8 months. Although testosterone level diminished by the time in the test animals, and this decreasing was significant (p=0.031) after 8 months (3.08±0.10 ng/ml).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that following varicocele induction major alterations occur in GE, which may lead to loss of GE cells physiological function and ultimately result in fertility problems.
Keywords: Varicocele, Cytoplasmic carbohydrate, Lipid foci, Lipase, Alkaline-phosphates, Testis
Full-Text [PDF 871 kb]   (698 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (359 Views)  
Type of Study: Original Article |
References
1. Bechara C, Weakley SM, Kougias P, Athamneh H, Duffy P, Khera M, et al. Percutaneous treatment of varicocele with microcoil emobolization: compoarison of treatment outcome with laparoscopic varicocelectomy. Vascular 2009; 17: 129-136. [DOI:10.2310/6670.2009.00062]
2. Razi M, Sadrkhanlou RA, Malekinejad H, Sarafzadeh A. Histological Impact of Long Time Varicocele-induction on Right and Left Testes in Rat; Relationship with Sperm Parameters and mating abilities. Vet Res forum 2011; 2: 189-201.
3. Resim S, Cek M, Fazlioglu A, Caskurlu T, Gurbuz G, Sevin G. Echocolour doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of varicocele. Int Urol Nephrol 1999; 31: 371-382. [DOI:10.1023/A:1007182304770]
4. Gonzales R, Reddy P, Kaye KW, Narayan P. Comparison of Doppler examination retrograde spermatic venography in the diagnosis of varicocele. Fertil Steril 1983; 40: 96-99. [DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)47184-0]
5. Sofikitis NV, Miyagawa I, Incze P, Andrighetti S. Detrimental effect of left varicocele on the reproductive capacity of the early haploid male gamete. J Urol 1996; 156: 267-270. [DOI:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66014-2]
6. Comhaire F. The pathogenesis of epididymo-testicular dysfunction in varicocele: factors other than temperature. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991; 286: 281-287. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4684-5913-5_33]
7. Benoff S, Gilbert BR. Varicocele and male infertility: part I. Preface. Hum Reprod Update 2001; 7: 47-54. [DOI:10.1093/humupd/7.1.47]
8. Rajfer J, Turner TT, Rivera F, Howards SS, Sikka SC. Inhibition of testicular testosterone biosynthesis following experimentalvaricocele in rats. Biol Reprod 1987: 36; 933-937. [DOI:10.1095/biolreprod36.4.933]
9. Naughton CK, Nangia AK, Agarwal A. Pathophysiology of varicoceles in male infertility. Hum Reprod Update 2001; 7: 473-481. [DOI:10.1093/humupd/7.5.473]
10. Sofikitis NV, Takahashi C, Nakamura I, Hirakawa S, Miyagawa I. Surgical repair of secondary right varicocele in rats with primary left varicocele: effects on fertility, testicular temperature, spermatogenesis, and sperm maturation. Arch Androl 1992; 28: 43-52. [DOI:10.3109/01485019208987679]
11. Tapanainen JS, Tilly JL, Vihko KK. Hormonal control of apoptotic cell death in the testis: gonadotropins and androgens as testicular cell survival factors. Mol Endocrinol 1993; 7: 643-650.
12. Mu-oz EM, Fogal T, Dominguez S, Scardapane L, Piezzi RS. Ultrastructural and morphometric study of the Sertoli cell of the viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) during the annual reproductive cycle. Anat Rec 2001; 262: 176-185. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0185(20010201)262:2<176::AID-AR1022>3.0.CO;2-I [DOI:10.1002/1097-0185(20010201)262:23.0.CO;2-I]
13. Malekinegad H, Mirzakhani N, Razi M, Cheraghi H, Alizadeh A, Dardmeh F. Protective effects of Melatonin and Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract on Ochratoxin A- Induced Detrimental impact on Testes in Mature Male Rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30: 110-123. [DOI:10.1177/0960327110368416]
14. Farooqi IS, O'Rahilly S. Monogenic Human Obesity Syndromes. Recent Prog Horm Res 2004; 59:409-424. [DOI:10.1210/rp.59.1.409]
15. Marmar JL. The pathophysiology of varicocele in light of current molecular and genetic information. Hum Reprod Update 2001; 7: 461-472. [DOI:10.1093/humupd/7.5.461]
16. Simşek F, Türkeri L, Cevik I, Bircan K, Akdaş A. Role of apoptosis in testicular tissue damage caused by varicocele. Arch Esp Urol 1998; 51: 947-950.
17. Marmar JL. The pathophysiology of varicoceles in the light of current molecular and genetic information. Hum Reprod Update 2001; 7: 461-472. [DOI:10.1093/humupd/7.5.461]
18. Hsu HS, Chang LS, Chen MT, Wei YH. Decreased blood flow and defective energy metabolism in the varicocele-bearing testicles of rats. Eur Urol 1994; 25: 71-75. [DOI:10.1159/000475250]
19. Li H, Dubocq F, Jiang Y, Tiguert R, Gheiler EL, Dhabuwala CB. Effect of Surgically induced varicocele on testicular blood flow and Sertoli cell function. Urology 1999; 53, 1258-1262. [DOI:10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00013-8]
20. Ozen IO, Moralioglu S, Vural IM, Ozturk GS, Ozkan MH, Demirtola A, et al. Effects of varicocele on electrical field stimulation-induced biphasic twitch responses in the ipsilateral and contralateral rat vasa deferentia. Eur Surg Res 2007; 39: 269-274. [DOI:10.1159/000102592]
21. Ishikawa T, Fujioka H, Ishimura T, Takenaka A, Fujisawa M. Expression of leptin and leptin receptor in the testis of fertile and infertile patients. Andrologia 2007; 39: 22-27. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.2006.00754.x]
22. Akkoyunlu G, Erdoğru T, Seval Y, Ustünel I, Köksal T, Usta MF, et al. Immunolocalization of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor GFR-alpha1 in varicoceleinducedrat testis. Acta Histochem 2007; 109: 130-137. [DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2006.11.003]
23. Shan L, Hardy DO, Catterall JF, Hardy MP. Effects of luteinizing hormone (LH) and androgen on steady state levels of messenger ribonucleic acid for LH receptors, androgen receptors, and steroidogenic enzymes in rat Leydig cell progenitors in vivo. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 1686-1693. [DOI:10.1210/endo.136.4.7895679]
24. Sarkar R, Mohanakumar KP, Chowdhury M. Effects of an organophosphate pesticide, quinalphos, on the hypothalamo-pituitary- gonadal axis in adult male rats. J Reprod Fertil 2000; 118: 29-38. [DOI:10.1530/reprod/118.1.29]
25. Shiraishi K, Naito K. Generation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal modified proteins in testes predicts improvement in spermatogenesis after varicocelectomy. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 233-235. [DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.022]
26. Koksal IT, Usta M, Orhan I, Abbasoglu S, Kadioglu A. Potential role of reactive oxygen species on testicular pathology associated with infertility. Asian J Androl 2003; 5: 95-99.
27. Kackar R, Srivastara MK, Raizada RB. Induction of gonadal toxicity to male rats after chronic exposure to mancozob. Ind Health 1997; 35: 104-111. [DOI:10.2486/indhealth.35.104]
28. Bablok L, Czaplicki M, Fracki S, Marianowski L, Borkowski A. Relationship between semen quality improvement after varicocelectomy and preoperative levels of hypophyseal and gonadal hormones Plasma testosterone in patients with varicocele and sexual inadequacy. Inter Urol Nephrol 1997; 29: 345-349. [DOI:10.1007/BF02550934]
29. Cayan S, Shavakhabov S, kadioglu A. Treatment of palpable Varicocele in infertile men: A meta-analysis to define the best technique. J Androl 2009; 30: 33-40. [DOI:10.2164/jandrol.108.005967]
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb