Volume 10, Issue 4 (8-2012)                   IJRM 2012, 10(4): 383-390 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Fallahzadeh H, Hossienzadeh M, Yazdani F, Javadi A. Knowledge of reproductive physiology and hormone therapy in 40-60 year old women: a population-based study in Yazd, Iran. IJRM 2012; 10 (4) :383-390
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-294-en.html
Knowledge of reproductive physiology and hormone therapy in 40-60 year old women: a population-based study in Yazd, Iran
Hossein Fallahzadeh * 1, Maryam Hossienzadeh2 , Fatemeh Yazdani2 , Atefeh Javadi2
1- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Health School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran , hofaab@yahoo.com
2- Department of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Abstract:   (3985 Views)
Background: Evidences shows that menopause affects women's health, but women's knowledge of proper care and maintenance is insufficient.
Objective: To determine knowledge of hormone therapy (HT), reproductive physiology, and menopause in a population of 40-60 year old women.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted through a cluster sampling among 330 women in Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran, in 2010. Data was collected using a questionnaire containing questions about reproductive physiology related to menopause and HT by interviewing. Inferential and descriptive statistics via SPSS.15 software were used for data analysis.
Results: Overall, 2.1% of women were current takers of HT, 13.4% had taken it in the past but had stopped and 84.5% had never taken hormone replacement therapy. Iranian women had low knowledge of HT, reproductive physiology, and menopause. Most of the women (85.5%) knew that hot flashes are common around menopause and only 77.2% knew decreasing estrogen production causes the menopause. They knew little about the effects of progestagens and the effects of HT on fertility. Logistic regression determined that age, educational level and BMI were the most important factors predicting use of HT after adjusting for other variables.
Conclusion: Iranian women have a low HT usage rate and the majority of them are lacking of the knowledge about HT and menopause. Women need improved knowledge of the risks and benefits of HT as well as education about the reproductive system around menopause.
Keywords: Menopause, Knowledge, Hormone therapy, Reproduction physiology, Women, Iranian
Full-Text [PDF 467 kb]   (597 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (391 Views)  
Type of Study: Original Article |
References
1. The North American Menopause Society. Internet communication. Available at: http://www.menopause. org; 2001.
2. Eiken P, Kolthoff N, Nielon SP. Effect of 10 years hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral content in postmenopausal women. Bone 1996; 19 (Suppl.): 191-193. [DOI:10.1016/S8756-3282(96)00266-9]
3. Barrett-Connor E. Hormone replacement therapy-clinical review. Br Med J 1998; 317: 457-461. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.317.7156.457]
4. Grady D, Herrington D, Bittner V, Blumenthal R, Davidson M, Hlatky M, et al. Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II). JAMA 2002; 288: 49-57. [DOI:10.1001/jama.288.1.49]
5. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321-333. [DOI:10.1001/jama.288.3.321]
6. Beral V. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet 2003; 362: 419-427. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14596-5]
7. Hersh AL, Stefanick ML, Stafford RS. National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence. JAMA 2004; 291: 47-53. [DOI:10.1001/jama.291.1.47]
8. Genazzani AR, Schneider HP, Panay N, Nijland EA. The European Menopause Survey 2005: women's perceptions on the menopause and postmenopausal hormone therapy. Gynecol Endocrinol 2006; 22: 369-375. [DOI:10.1080/09513590600842463]
9. Kuo DJ, Lee YC, Huang WF. Hormone therapy use and prescription durations of menopausal women in Taiwan: a 5 years' National Cohort study. Maturitas 2007; 58: 259-268. [DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2007.08.013]
10. Huang WF, Tsai YW, Hsiao FY, Liu WC. Changes of the prescription of hormone therapy in menopausal women: an observational study in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2007; 7: 56. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-7-56]
11. Huang KE, Xu L, INN, Jaisamrarn U. The Asian Menopause Survey: knowledge, perceptions, hormone treatment and sexual function. Maturitas 2010; 65: 276-283. [DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.11.015]
12. Fallahzadeh H. Age at natural menopause in Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran. Menopause 2007; 14: 900-904. [DOI:10.1097/gme.0b013e318032b2e6]
13. Haghighi LA, Zadmohammadi M. Hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women referred to Iran university clinics during 2000-2001. J Iran Univ med sci 2003; 10: 25-30.
14. Blümel JE, Castelo-Branco C, Kerrigan N, Cancelo MJ, Blümel B, Haya J, et al. Influences of hormone therapy on postmenopausal women`s health perceptions. Menopause 2003; 10: 235-240. [DOI:10.1097/00042192-200310030-00011]
15. Strothmann A, Schneider PG. Hormone therapy: the European women`s perspective. Climacteric 2003; 6: 337-346. [DOI:10.1080/cmt.6.4.337.346]
16. Thunell L, Stadberg E, Milsom I, Mattsson LA. Changes in attitude knowledge and hormone replacement therapy use: a comparative studyin two random samples with 6-year interval. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2005; 84: 395-401. [DOI:10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00725.x]
17. Hoffmann M, Hammar M, Kjellgren KI, Lindh-Astrand L, Brynhildsen J. Changes in women`s attitudes towards and use of hormone therapy after HERS and WHI. Maturitas 2005; 52: 130-154. [DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.06.003]
18. Lindh-Astrand L, Brynhildsen J, Hoffmann M, Liffner S, Hammar M. Attitudes towards the menopause and hormone therapy over the turn of the century. Maturitas 2007; 56: 12-20. [DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.05.002]
19. Lindh-Astrand L, Brynhildsen J, Hoffmann M, Kjellgren KI, Hammar M. Knowledge of reproductive physiology and hormone therapy in 53-to54-year-old Swedish women: a population-based study. Menopause 2007; 14: 1039-1046.
20. Lee JY, Chang SS. The attitudes of postmenopausal women towards hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and effects of HRT on lipid profiles. Proceedings of the first consensus meeting on menopause in East Asian region, Geneva, Switzerland; 1997.
21. Bosworth HB, Bastian LA, Kuchibhatla MN, Steffens DC, McBride CM, Skinner CS, et al. Depressive symptoms, menopausal status, and climacteric symptoms in women at midlife. Psychosom Med 2001; 63: 603-608. [DOI:10.1097/00006842-200107000-00013]
22. Pan HA, Wu MH, Hsu CC, Yao BL, Huang KE. The perception of menopause among women in Taiwan. Maturitas 2002; 41: 269-274. [DOI:10.1016/S0378-5122(01)00279-1]
23. Fun JL, Wang SJ, Lu SR, Juang KD, Chiu LM. The Kinmen women-health investigation (KIWI): a menopausal study of a population aged 40-54. Maturitas 2001; 39: 117-124. [DOI:10.1016/S0378-5122(01)00193-1]
24. Ikeda T, Makita K, Ishitani K, Takamatsu K,Horiguchi F, Nozawa S. Status of climacteric symptoms among middle-aged to elderly Japanese women: comparison of general healthy women with women presenting at a enopausal clinic. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2005; 31: 164-171. [DOI:10.1111/j.1341-8076.2005.00268.x]
25. Hope S, Wager E, Rees M. Survey of British women's views on the menopause and HRT. J Br Menopause Soc 1998; 4: 33-36. [DOI:10.1177/136218079800400110]
26. Newton KM, LaCroix AZ, Leville SG, Rutter C, Keenan NL,Anderson LA. Women's beliefs and decisions about hormone replacement therapy. J women's Health 1997; 6: 459-465. [DOI:10.1089/jwh.1997.6.459]
27. Saver BG, Taylor TR, Woods NF. Use of hormone replacement therapy in Washington State: is prevention being put into practice? J Fam Pract 1999; 48: 364-371.
28. Topo P, Luoto R, Hemminki E, Uutela A. Declining socioeconomic differences in the use of menopausal and postmenopausal hormone therapy in Finland. Maturitas 1999; 32: 141-145. [DOI:10.1016/S0378-5122(99)00027-4]
29. Connelly MT, Rusinak D, Livingstone W, Raeke L, Inui TS. Patient knowledge about hormone replacement therapy: implications for treatment. Menopause 2000; 7: 266-272. [DOI:10.1097/00042192-200007040-00009]
30. Buick DL, Crook D, Horne R. Women`s perception of hormone replacement therapy: risks and benefits (1980-2002). A literature review. Climacteric 2005; 8: 24-35. [DOI:10.1080/13697130500062654]
31. Sturdee DW, MacLennan AH. The pendulum swings back; estrogen is now beneficial if started at right time. Climacteric 2006; 9: 73-74. [DOI:10.1080/13697130600655431]
32. Thunell L, Stadberg E, Milsom I, Mattsson LA. Changes in attitudes, knowledge and hormone replacement therapy use: a comparative study in two random samples with 6-year interval. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2005; 84: 395-401. [DOI:10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00725.x]
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb