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The health of pregnant women is a fundamental aspect of healthcare and medical services. During pregnancy, which involves significant physiological and hormonal changes, this issue becomes even more critical (1). Pregnancy not only causes considerable physical changes for the mother but also places substantial stress on various organs, particularly the kidneys. This additional burden can disrupt normal kidney function and lead to severe complications that threaten both maternal and fetal health (2). Renal disease during pregnancy is a serious medical concern as it may result in life-threatening complications such as renal failure, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia (hypertension accompanied by other symptoms during pregnancy), premature labor, and intrauterine growth restriction (3). Kidney diseases related to pregnancy often present with mild and nonspecific early symptoms that can easily be overlooked, making early diagnosis challenging. Symptoms like limb swelling, elevated blood pressure, or changes in urinary function may initially be subtle but can progress to severe complications if not diagnosed and managed promptly, posing serious risks to both mother and fetus (4). Moreover, traditional diagnostic methods -such as blood and urine tests, clinical examinations, and medical imaging- may have limited ability to detect these conditions accurately and in a timely manner. These methods often lack the capacity to predict disease progression precisely or to identify renal complications early enough, making timely diagnosis during pregnancy difficult (5).

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