1. Devall AJ, Papadopoulou A, Podesek M, Haas DM, Price MJ, Coomarasamy A, et al. Progestogens for preventing miscarriage: A network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 4: CD013792. [
DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD013792.pub2] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
2. Zhao H, He W, Yang Z. A pairwise and network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of progestogens in threatened abortion. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022; 156: 383-393. [
DOI:10.1002/ijgo.13707] [
PMID]
3. FOGSI. Management of women with threatened miscarriage: Role of medical therapy. Available at: https://www.fogsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SI_KPP_Management-of-women-with-threatened-miscarriage_for-FOGSI.pdf.
4. Wang X-X, Luo Q, Bai W-P. Efficacy of progesterone on threatened miscarriage: Difference in drug types. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45: 794-802. [
DOI:10.1111/jog.13909] [
PMID]
5. Zhao Y, D'Souza R, Gao Y, Hao Q, Kallas-Silva L, Steen JP, et al. Progestogens in women with threatened miscarriage or recurrent miscarriage: A meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103: 1689-1701. [
DOI:10.1111/aogs.14829] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
6. Zhao H, He W, Xia C, Yang Z. Efficacy and safety of different progestogens in women with first threatened miscarriage: A network meta‐analysis. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2025; 168: 944-957. [
DOI:10.1002/ijgo.15987] [
PMID]
7. Raghupathy R, Szekeres-Bartho J. Progesterone: A unique hormone with immunomodulatory roles in pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23: 1333. [
DOI:10.3390/ijms23031333] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
8. Ibrahim Z, Said M, El Nahas K, Younes S, Ali T, Taha O. Assessment of the immunomodulatory role of dydrogesterone in preventing pregnancy loss in threatened abortion. World J Gynecol Women's Health 2020; 3: 000567. [
DOI:10.33552/WJGWH.2020.03.000567]
9. Kriplani A, Kamilya GS, Devi TR, Taneja A, Pawar A, Nagesh GK, et al. Oral dydrogesterone versus oral micronized progesterone in threatened miscarriage: Protocol paper for a randomized controlled trial. Reprod Fertil 2025; 6: e240044. [
DOI:10.1530/RAF-24-0044] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
10. Siew JYS, Allen JC, Hui CYY, Ku CW, Malhotra R, Østbye T, et al. The randomised controlled trial of micronised progesterone and dydrogesterone (TRoMaD) for threatened miscarriage. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 228: 319-324. [
DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.07.028] [
PMID]
11. Lou C, Wang C, Zhao Q, Jin F. Effect of dydrogesterone and progesterone on threatened miscarriage due to corpus luteum insufficiency. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13: 4544-4552.
12. Verma S, Yadav P. To study the comparison between oral dydrogesterone and micronized progesterone in threatened miscarriage in terms of pain lower abdomen and bleeding per vaginum. Ann Int Med Dent Res 2021; 7: 11-15.
13. Shaikh R, Jalbani A, Lashari S, Sangi S-U-N, Brohi S, Shaikh Q. Role of micronized progesterone versus dydrogestron in patients with threatened abortion. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Pak 2022; 12: 262-266.
14. Nagarkatti R, Mehra D, Mandal S, Dhawan A, Joshi P, Nagarkatti N, et al. Real-world evaluation of safety and effectiveness of dydrogesterone in the management of threatened abortion. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2022; 11: 2096-2100. [
DOI:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221833]
15. Omar MH, Mashita MK, Lim PS, Jamil MA. Dydrogesterone in threatened abortion: Pregnancy outcome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 97: 421-425. [
DOI:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.08.013] [
PMID]
16. Kuptarak A, Phupong V. Oral dydrogesterone for prevention of miscarriage in threatened miscarriage: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37: 2333929. [
DOI:10.1080/14767058.2024.2333929] [
PMID]
17. Vuong LN, Pham TD, Le KT, Ly TT, Le HL, Nguyen DTN, et al. Micronized progesterone plus dydrogesterone versus micronized progesterone alone for luteal phase support in frozen-thawed cycles (MIDRONE): A prospective cohort study. Hum Reprod 2021; 36: 1821-1831. [
DOI:10.1093/humrep/deab093] [
PMID]
18. Tournaye H, Sukhikh GT, Kahler E, Griesinger G. A phase III randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy, safety and tolerability of oral dydrogesterone versus micronized vaginal progesterone for luteal support in in vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 2017; 32: 1019-1027.
https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex023 [
DOI:10.1093/humrep/dex266] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
19. Jiang X, Li W, Chen X, Kuang Y, Jiang S. Oral dydrogesterone versus oral dydrogesterone plus micronized vaginal progesterone for luteal phase support in ovulatory frozen-thawed embryo transfers. Reprod Biomed Online 2025; 51: 104844. [
DOI:10.1016/j.rbmo.2025.104844] [
PMID]
20. Vidal A, Dhakal C, Werth N, Weiss JM, Lehnick D, Kohl Schwartz AS. Supplementary dydrogesterone is beneficial as luteal phase support in artificial frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles compared to micronized progesterone alone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14: 1128564. [
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2023.1128564] [
PMID] [
PMCID]