1. Kherraf ZE, Ray PF. The genetics of male infertility. Med Reprod 2024; 26: 168-174. [
DOI:10.1684/mte.2024.1005]
2. Inhorn MC, Patrizio P. Infertility around the globe: New thinking on gender, reproductive technologies and global movements in the 21st century. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21: 411-426. [
DOI:10.1093/humupd/dmv016] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
3. Malcher A, Stokowy T, Berman A, Olszewska M, Jedrzejczak P, Sielski D, et al. Whole-genome sequencing identifies new candidate genes for nonobstructive azoospermia. Andrology 2022; 10: 1605-1624. [
DOI:10.1111/andr.13269] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
4. Ibrahim R, Malcher A, Kurpisz M. Summarizing the human genes and their variants causative of non-obstructive azoospermia uncovered using whole genome/exome sequencing. Reprod Biol 2025; 25: 101048. [
DOI:10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101048] [
PMID]
5. De Braekeleer M, Nguyen MH, Morel F, Perrin A. Genetic aspects of monomorphic teratozoospermia: A review. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32: 615-623. [
DOI:10.1007/s10815-015-0433-2] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
6. Sethi S, Andrabi W, Mitra K, Rajender S. Case report: A homozygous mutation in the SPAG17 gene in a case with oligoasthenoteratozoospermic infertility. Front Reprod Health 2025; 7: 1554027. [
DOI:10.3389/frph.2025.1554027] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
7. Zhao S-Y, Meng L-L, Du Z-L, Tan Y-Q, He W-B, Wang X. A novel loss-of-function variant in PNLDC1 inducing oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia and male infertility. Asian J Androl 2023; 25: 643-645. [
DOI:10.4103/aja20233] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
8. Choy JT, Eisenberg ML. Male infertility as a window to health. Fertil Steril 2018; 110: 810-814. [
DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.08.015] [
PMID]
9. Avidan N, Tamary H, Dgany O, Cattan D, Pariente A, Thulliez M, et al. CATSPER2, a human autosomal nonsyndromic male infertility gene. Eur J Hum Genet 2003; 11: 497-502. [
DOI:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200991] [
PMID]
10. Ben Khelifa M, Coutton C, Zouari R, Karaouzène T, Rendu J, Bidart M, et al. Mutations in DNAH1, which encodes an inner arm heavy chain dynein, lead to male infertility from multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94: 95-104. [
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.017] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
11. Yang F, Silber S, Leu NA, Oates RD, Marszalek JD, Skaletsky H, et al. TEX 11 is mutated in infertile men with azoospermia and regulates genome‐wide recombination rates in mouse. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7: 1198-1210. [
DOI:10.15252/emmm.201404967] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
12. Coutton C, Vargas AS, Amiri-Yekta A, Kherraf Z-E, Ben Mustapha SF, Le Tanno P, et al. Mutations in CFAP43 and CFAP44 cause male infertility and flagellum defects in trypanosoma and human. Nat Commun 2018; 9: 686. [
DOI:10.1038/s41467-017-02792-7] [
PMID]
13. Amiri-Yekta A, Sen S, Hazane-Puch F, Tebbakh C, Roux-Buisson N, Cazin C, et al. Whole genome sequencing identifies a homozygous splicing variant in TDRKH segregating with non-obstructive azoospermia in an Iranian family. Clin Genet 2024; 106: 625-631. [
DOI:10.1111/cge.14584] [
PMID]
14. Li H, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N, et al. The sequence alignment/map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics 2009; 25: 2078-2079. [
DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352] [
PMID]
15. Tischler G, Leonard S. Biobambam: Tools for read pair collation based algorithms on BAM files. Source Code Biol Med 2014; 9: 13. [
DOI:10.1186/1751-0473-9-13]
16. Poplin R, Chang P-C, Alexander D, Schwartz S, Colthurst T, Ku A, et al. A universal snp and small-indel variant caller using deep neural networks. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36: 983-987. [
DOI:10.1038/nbt.4235] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
17. Danecek P, Auton A, Abecasis G, Albers CA, Banks E, DePristo MA, et al. The variant call format and VCFtools. Bioinformatics 2011; 27: 2156-2158. [
DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr330] [
PMID]
18. McLaren W, Gil L, Hunt SE, Riat HS, Ritchie GRS, Thormann A, et al. The ensembl variant effect predictor. Genome Biol 2016; 17: 122. [
DOI:10.1186/s13059-016-0974-4] [
PMID]
19. Cingolani P, Platts A, Wang LL, Coon M, Nguyen T, Wang L, et al. A program for annotating and predicting the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms, SnpEff: SNPs in the genome of drosophila melanogaster strain w1118; iso-2; iso-3. Fly (Austin) 2012; 6: 80-92. [
DOI:10.4161/fly.19695] [
PMID]
20. Minoche AE, Lundie B, Peters GB, Ohnesorg T, Pinese M, Thomas DM, et al. ClinSV: Clinical grade structural and copy number variant detection from whole genome sequencing data. Genome Med 2021; 13: 32. [
DOI:10.1186/s13073-021-00841-x] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
21. Thorvaldsdóttir H, Robinson JT, Mesirov JP. Integrative genomics viewer (IGV): High-performance genomics data visualization and exploration. Brief Bioinform 2013; 14: 178-192. [
DOI:10.1093/bib/bbs017] [
PMID]
22. Tang D, Sha Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Cheng H, Zhang J, et al. Novel variants in DNAH9 lead to nonsyndromic severe asthenozoospermia. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19: 27. [
DOI:10.1186/s12958-021-00709-0] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
23. Loges NT, Antony D, Maver A, Deardorff MA, Güleç EY, Gezdirici A, et al. Recessive DNAH9 loss-of-function mutations cause laterality defects and subtle respiratory ciliary-beating defects. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103: 995-1008. [
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.020] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
24. Fassad MR, Shoemark A, Legendre M, Hirst RA, Koll F, Le Borgne P, et al. Mutations in outer dynein arm heavy chain DNAH9 cause motile cilia defects and situs inversus. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103: 984-994. [
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.016] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
25. Fliegauf M, Olbrich H, Horvath J, Wildhaber JH, Zariwala MA, Kennedy M, et al. Mislocalization of DNAH5 and DNAH9 in respiratory cells from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 1343-1349. [
DOI:10.1164/rccm.200411-1583OC] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
26. Dong FN, Amiri-Yekta A, Martinez G, Saut A, Tek J, Stouvenel L, et al. Absence of CFAP69 causes male infertility due to multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella in human and mouse. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103: 636-648. [
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.007] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
27. He X, Liu C, Yang X, Lv M, Ni X, Li Q, et al. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in CFAP58 cause flagellar axoneme and mitochondrial sheath defects and asthenoteratozoospermia in humans and mice. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107: 514-526. [
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.07.010] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
28. Li W, Wu H, Li F, Tian S, Kherraf Z-E, Zhang J, et al. Biallelic mutations in CFAP65 cause male infertility with multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella in humans and mice. J Med Genet 2020; 57: 89-95. [
DOI:10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106344] [
PMID]
29. Wu B, Li R, Ma S, Ma Y, Fan L, Gong C, et al. The cilia and flagella associated protein CFAP52 orchestrated with CFAP45 is required for sperm motility in mice. J Biol Chem 2023; 299: 104858. [
DOI:10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104858] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
30. Dougherty GW, Mizuno K, Nöthe-Menchen T, Ikawa Y, Boldt K, Ta-Shma A, et al. CFAP45 deficiency causes situs abnormalities and asthenospermia by disrupting an axonemal adenine nucleotide homeostasis module. Nat Commun 2020; 11: 5520. [
DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-19113-0] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
31. Zhang Q, Jin H, Long S, Tang X, Li J, Liu W, et al. Deletion of ACTRT1 is associated with male infertility as sperm acrosomal ultrastructural defects and fertilization failure in human. Hum Reprod 2024; 39: 880-891. [
DOI:10.1093/humrep/deae031] [
PMID]
32. Li Z, Liu X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhou L, Yuan S. FBXO24 modulates mRNA alternative splicing and MIWI degradation and is required for normal sperm formation and male fertility. Elife 2024; 12: RP1666. [
DOI:10.7554/eLife.91666.3] [
PMCID]
33. Masola V, Greco N, Tozzo P, Caenazzo L, Onisto M. The role of SPATA2 in TNF signaling, cancer, and spermatogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13: 977. [
DOI:10.1038/s41419-022-05432-1] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
34. Tang P, Wang J, Tang X, Li Y, Li S. Insulin like growth factor 2 in spermatogenesis dysfunction (Review). Mol Med Rep 2025; 31: 129. [
DOI:10.3892/mmr.2025.13494] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
35. Nagahori K, Kuramasu M, Kawata S, Yakura T, Li Z, Hirai S, et al. GIT1 is an untolerized autoantigen involved in immunologic disturbance of spermatogenesis. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157: 309-319. [
DOI:10.1007/s00418-021-02061-1] [
PMID]