Volume 14, Issue 5 (5-2016)                   IJRM 2016, 14(5): 293-302 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Dagur G, Warren K, Singh N, Khan S A. Detecting diseases of neglected seminal vesicles using imaging modalities: A review of current literature. IJRM 2016; 14 (5) :293-302
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-753-en.html
1- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, SUNY at Stony Brook, New York, USA
2- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, SUNY at Stony Brook, New York, USA , skysalik@gmail.com
Abstract:   (3221 Views)
Seminal vesicles (SVs) are sex accessory organs and part of male genitourinary system. They play a critical role in male fertility. Diseases of the SVs, usually results in infertility. Diseases of the SVs are extremely rare and are infrequently reported in the literature. We address the current literature of SV pathologies, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. We review the clinical importance of SVs from PubMed. The current imaging modalities and instrumentation that help diagnose SV diseases are reviewed. Common pathologies including, infection, cysts, tumors, and congenital diseases of the SVs are addressed. Many times symptoms of hematospermia, pain, irritative and obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms, and infertility are presented in patients with SV diseases.
Full-Text [PDF 132 kb]   (1005 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (769 Views)  
Type of Study: Original Article |

References
1. Aboul-Azm TE. Anatomy of the human seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts. Arch Androl 1979; 3: 287-292. [DOI:10.3109/01485017908988418]
2. Donnellan P, Breathnach O, Crown JP. Odynorgasmia. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2001; 35: 158. [DOI:10.1080/003655901750170687]
3. Du Plessis SS, Gokul S, Agarwal A. Semen hyperviscosity: causes, consequences, and cures. Front Biosci 2013; 5: 224-231.
4. Ates Y, Kilciler G, Bedir S, Aslan M, Kilciler M, Tuzun A, et al. Large vesicula seminalis cyst: a very rare cause of constipation and male infertility. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2007; 23: 318-320. [DOI:10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70416-4]
5. Coulier B, Ramboux A, Maldague P. Emphysematous epididymitis as presentation of unusual seminal vesicle fistula secondary to sigmoid diverticulitis: case report. Abdom Imaging 2005; 30: 113-116. [DOI:10.1007/s00261-004-0216-1]
6. Ozer T, Gundogdu S, Ozer Y, Mahmutyazicioglu K, Savranlar A, Ozdemir H. Echinococcosis involving the liver, retrovesical and seminal vesicle presented with syncope. Int J Urol 2004; 11: 922-924. [DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2004.00901.x]
7. Altunrende F, Kim ED, Klein FA, Waters WB. Seminal vesicle cyst presenting as rectal obstruction. Urology 2004; 63: 584-585. [DOI:10.1016/j.urology.2003.10.052]
8. Kelm J, Duchow J, Anagnostakos K, Schneider G, Kohn D, Ahlhelm F. [Vesiculitis seminalis-a rare diagnosis in case of chronic groin pain]. Sportverletz Sportschaden 2003; 17: 84-87. (In German) [DOI:10.1055/s-2003-38591]
9. Callewaert P, De Coster M, Vuylsteke P, De Man R, Brijs S, Baert L. Anal tenesmus caused by seminal vesicle cyst. Urology 1997; 49: 139-141. [DOI:10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00366-4]
10. Mammen KJ, Ho KM, Fellows GJ. Cysts of seminal vesicles presenting as intra-abdominal swellings. Br J Urol 1995; 76: 141-143. [DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07854.x]
11. Khan A, Ahmed M, Talati J. Seminal vesicle cystic dilatation masquerading as proctalgia fugax. Br J Urol 1989; 64: 428-429. [DOI:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb06058.x]
12. Kitazawa M, Hiraguri M, Maeda C, Yoshiki M, Horigome N, Kaneko G. Seminal vesicle-rectal fistula secondary to anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a case report and brief literature review. Int Surg 2014; 99: 23-27. [DOI:10.9738/INTSURG-D-13-00164.1]
13. Inoue K, Higaki Y, Yoshida H. Inguinal hernia of seminal vesicle cyst. Int J Urol 2004; 11: 1039-1040. [DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2004.00923.x]
14. van Meegen MA, Kokke F, Dik P, Fockens P, Benninga MA. A seminal vesicle cyst palpable in the rectum. Endoscopy 2006; 38 (Suppl.): E7. [DOI:10.1055/s-2006-944864]
15. Ramchandani P, Banner MP, Pollack HM. Imaging of the seminal vesicles. Semin Roentgenol 1993; 28: 83-91. [DOI:10.1016/S0037-198X(05)80115-4]
16. Kreiner B, Denzinger S, Ganzer R, Fritsche HM, Burger M, Wieland WF, et al. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the seminal vesicles presenting with Lambert Eaton syndrome: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2010; 4: 320. [DOI:10.1186/1752-1947-4-320]
17. Cui ZQ, Wang YC, Du J, Zhou HJ, Yu ZY, Gao EJ, et al. [Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy combined with finasteride for recurrent hematospermia]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2014; 20: 536-538. (In Chinese)
18. He Q, Xia M, Bai Y, Zhang JW, Wang JJ, Wang HT. [Diagnosis and treatment of seminal vesicle cyst]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2012; 92: 982-983. (In Chinese)
19. Williams JL, Sago AL. Ureteral ectopia into seminal vesicle: embryology and clinical presentation. Urology 1983; 22: 594-596. [DOI:10.1016/0090-4295(83)90302-3]
20. Gonzales GF. Function of seminal vesicles and their role on male fertility. Asian J Androl 2001; 3: 251-258.
21. Simpson WL Jr, Rausch DR. Imaging of male infertility: pictorial review. Am J Roentgenol 2009; 192 (Suppl.): 98-107. [DOI:10.2214/AJR.07.7109]
22. Luo B, Dai YP, Wang DH, Luo DS, Deng CH, Wu RP. [Value of transrectal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of midline prostatic cysts]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2008; 14: 139-141. (In Chinese)
23. Dominguez C, Boronat F, Cunat E, Broseta E, Martinez R, Moreno B, et al. Agenesis of seminal vesicles in infertile males: ultrasonic diagnosis. Eur Urol 1991; 20: 129-132. [DOI:10.1159/000471681]
24. Haddock P, Wagner JR. Seminal vesicle cyst with ipsilateral renal agenesis and ectopic ureter (Zinner syndrome). Urology 2015; 85: 41-42. [DOI:10.1016/j.urology.2015.02.015]
25. Altobelli E, Bove AM, Falavolti C, Sergi F, Nguyen HT, Buscarini M. Robotic-assisted approach in the treatment for Zinner's Syndrome associated with ipsilateral megaureter and incomplete double-crossed ectopic ureter. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 45: 635-638. [DOI:10.1007/s11255-013-0412-4]
26. Sundar R, Sundar G. Zinner syndrome: an uncommon cause of painful ejaculation. BMJ Case Rep 2015; bcr2014207618. [DOI:10.1136/bcr-2014-207618]
27. Raviv G, Mor Y, Levron J, Shefi S, Zilberman D, Ramon J, et al. Role of transrectal ultrasonography in the evaluation of azoospermic men with low-volume ejaculate. J Ultrasound Med 2006; 25: 825-829. [DOI:10.7863/jum.2006.25.7.825]
28. Chiang HS, Lin YH, Wu YN, Wu CC, Liu MC, Lin CM. Advantages of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the seminal vesicles and intra-abdominal vas deferens in patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens. Urology 2013; 82: 345-351. [DOI:10.1016/j.urology.2013.03.038]
29. Phillipson G. Cystic fibrosis and reproduction. Reprod Fertil Dev 1998; 10: 113-119. [DOI:10.1071/R98044]
30. Reig B, Blumenfeld J, Donahue S, Prince MR. Seminal megavesicle in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Clin Imag 2015; 39: 289-292. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinimag.2014.10.016]
31. Hendry WF, Rickards D, Pryor JP, Baker LR. Seminal megavesicles with adult polycystic kidney disease. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 1567-1569. [DOI:10.1093/humrep/13.6.1567]
32. Vasileios R, Athanasios P, Stavros T. Echinococcal cyst of the seminal vesicles: a case-report and literature review. Int Urol Nephrol 2002; 34: 527-530. [DOI:10.1023/A:1025662818745]
33. Tuygun C, Bakirtas H, Imamoglu MA, Sertcelik N, Zengin K, Bozkurt IH. The unusual mass of retrovesical space: a secondary hydatid cyst disease. Sci World J 2006; 6: 2481-2485. [DOI:10.1100/tsw.2006.386]
34. Hasegawa N, Miki K, Kato N, Furuta N, Ohishi Y, Kondo N, et al. [Magnetic resonance images of hematospermia]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1998; 89: 956-960. [DOI:10.5980/jpnjurol1989.89.956]
35. La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Di Mauro M, D'Agata R, Vicari E, Calogero AE. Seminal vesicles and diabetic neuropathy: ultrasound evaluation. J Androl 2011; 32: 478-483. [DOI:10.2164/jandrol.110.011676]
36. Saha S, Wright G, Arulampalam T, Corr J. An unusual groin mass. Seminal vesicle abscess: a case report. Cases J 2009; 2: 6531. [DOI:10.1186/1757-1626-2-6531]
37. Madrid Garcia FJ, Madronero Cuevas C, Rivas Escudero JA, Parra Muntaner L, Monsalve Rodriguez M, Garcia Alonso J. [Conservative treatment of a seminal vesicle abscess. Report of one case]. Arch Esp Urol 2004; 57: 438-440. (In Spanish)
38. Zagoria RJ, Papanicolaou N, Pfister RC, Stafford SA, Young2nd HH. Seminal vesicle abscess after vasectomy: evaluation by transrectal sonography and CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987; 149: 137-138. [DOI:10.2214/ajr.149.1.137]
39. Dewani CP, Dewani N, Bhatia D. Case report: tubercular cold abscess of seminal vesicle: minimally invasive endoscopic management. J Endourol 2006; 20: 436-442. [DOI:10.1089/end.2006.20.436]
40. Eastham JA, Spires KS, Abreo F, Johnson JB, Venable DD. Seminal vesicle abscess due to tuberculosis: role of tissue culture in making the diagnosis. South Med J 1999; 92: 328-329. [DOI:10.1097/00007611-199903000-00015]
41. Bayne CE, Davis WA, Rothstein CP, Engel JD. Seminal vesicle abscess following prostate biopsy requiring transgluteal percutaneous drainage. Can J Urol 2013; 20: 6811-6814.
42. Slim Selmi M, Hentati H, Fayala H, Riadh Ben Slama M, Chebil M. Seminal vesicle abscess: report of a new case. Tunis Med 2009; 87: 630-632.
43. Chandra I, Doringer E, Sarica K, Kunit G, Frick J. Bilateral seminal vesicle abscesses. Eur Urol 1991; 20: 164-166. [DOI:10.1159/000471689]
44. Monzo JI, Lledo Garcia E, Cabello Benavente R, Moralejo Garate M, Diez Cordero JM, Hernandez Fernandez C. [Primary seminal vesicle abscess: diagnosis and treatment by transrectal ultrasound]. Actas Urol Esp 2005; 29: 523-525. (In Spanish) [DOI:10.1016/S0210-4806(05)73286-1]
45. Liu B, Song Z, Xu A, Su S, Wang Z, Yin C. Is abnormal expression of semenogelin I involved with seminal vesiculitis? Med Hypotheses 2014; 82: 338-340. [DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.12.022]
46. Li YF, Liang PH, Sun ZY, Zhang Y, Bi G, Zhou B, et al. Imaging diagnosis, transurethral endoscopic observation, and management of 43 cases of persistent and refractory hematospermia. J Androl 2012; 33: 906-916. [DOI:10.2164/jandrol.111.015487]
47. Xu B, Li P, Niu X, Zhang X, Wang Z, Qin C, et al. A new method of chronic and recurrent seminal vesiculitis treatment. J Endourol 2011; 25: 1815-1818. [DOI:10.1089/end.2010.0456]
48. Furuya R, Takahashi S, Furuya S, Saitoh N, Ogura H, Kurimura Y, et al. Is urethritis accompanied by seminal vesiculitis? Int J Urol 2009; 16: 628-631. [DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2009.02314.x]
49. Furuya R, Takahashi S, Furuya S, Takeyama K, Masumori N, Tsukamoto T. Chlamydial seminal vesiculitis without symptomatic urethritis and epididymitis. Int J Urol 2006; 13: 466-467. [DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2006.01317.x]
50. Palmer WC, Patel NC, Renew JR, Bridges MD, Stancampiano FF. Acute infection of a documented seminal vesicle cyst via hematogenous seeding. Urol J 2013; 10: 1157-1159.
51. Xu LW, Cheng S, Zhang ZG, Li XD. [Transvesical removal of seminal vesicle mass: a report of 5 cases]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2009; 15: 357-359. (In Chinese)
52. Reikie BA, Yilmaz A, Medlicott S, Trpkov K. Mixed epithelial-stromal tumor (MEST) of seminal vesicle: a proposal for unified nomenclature. Adv Anat Pathol 2015; 22: 113-120. [DOI:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000057]
53. Montironi R, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Galosi AB, Montorsi F, Scarpelli M. Seminal vesicle intraepithelial neoplasia versus basal cell hyperplasia in a seminal vesicle. Eur Urol 2014; 66: 623-627. [DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2014.02.054]
54. Crestani A, Guttilla A, Gardi M, Gardiman M, Dal Moro F, Valotto C, et al. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of seminal vesicles: is there a role for relatively aggressive treatment modalities? Arch Ital Urol Androl 2014; 86: 291-292. [DOI:10.4081/aiua.2014.4.291]
55. Mizuno N, Fujikawa N, Hayashi N, Murakami T, Suzuki K, Ikeda I. [A case of primary seminal vesicle cancer detected by FDG-PET/CT]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 2012; 103: 704-707. (In Japanese) [DOI:10.5980/jpnjurol.103.704]
56. Miyajima S, Irie S, Nakamura N, Tanaka M. [A case of leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 2014; 105: 144-148. (In Japanese) [DOI:10.5980/jpnjurol.105.144]
57. Khandelwal A, Virmani V, Amin MS, George U, Khandelwal K, Gorsi U. Radiology-pathology conference: malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the seminal vesicle. Clin Imaging 2013; 37: 409-413. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.04.027]
58. Safar B, Kanmaniraja D, Herts BR. Phyllodes tumor of the seminal vesicle. J Urol 2014; 192: 554-555. [DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.030]
59. Wang J, Yue X, Zhao R, Cheng B, Wazir R, Wang K. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of seminal vesicle: an extremely rare case report with literature review. Int Urol Nephrol. 2013;45(1):135-8. [DOI:10.1007/s11255-012-0373-z]
60. Yao XD, Hong YP, Ye DW, Wang CF. Primary yolk sac tumor of seminal vesicle: a case report and literature review. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10: 189. [DOI:10.1186/1477-7819-10-189]
61. Kaminsky A, Kania U, Ortloff P, Sperling H. [Seminal vesicle cystadenoma as the cause of a retrovesical tumor]. Urologe A 2014; 53: 542-544. (In German) [DOI:10.1007/s00120-013-3409-9]
62. Campobasso D, Fornia S, Ferretti S, Maestroni U, Cortellini P. Primary bilateral seminal vesicle carcinoma: description of a case and literature review. Int J Surg Pathol 2012; 20: 633-635. [DOI:10.1177/1066896912450314]
63. Barnoiu OS, Gomez Pascual JA, Navarro Vilchez P, Blanco Reina F, Moreno Ramos A, Vivas Vargas E, et al. [Malacoplakia of the seminal vesicles. Case report and particularities]. Arch Esp Urol 2013; 66: 237-241. (In Spanish)
64. Song W, Yang JR, Wang YH, Liang QC. Primary extragastrointestinal stromal tumor of the seminal vesicles. Urology 2012; 79: 36-37. [DOI:10.1016/j.urology.2011.11.026]
65. Peng JF, Wang YM, Zhang Y, Cai SL. [Stromal tumor of the seminal vesicle: a case report and literature review]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2012; 18: 1119-1122. (In Chinese)
66. Gao RL. [Primary adenocarcinoma of seminal vesicle: report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2011; 40: 775-776.
67. Vanzati A, Perez Pascal A, Pinto F, Eloy C. Multilocular adenomyoma of seminal vesicle. Int J Surg Pathol 2012; 20: 596-597. [DOI:10.1177/1066896912461529]
68. Yasunaga Y, Ueda T, Kodama Y, Oka T. Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the seminal vesicle. Int J Urol 2012; 19: 370-372. [DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02944.x]
69. He R, Yang X, Li X, He Z, Zhou L. Cystic schwannoma of a seminal vesicle. J Androl 2012; 33: 798-800. [DOI:10.2164/jandrol.111.015917]
70. Cauvin C, Moureau-Zabotto L, Chetaille B, Hilgers W, Denoux Y, Jacquemier J, et al. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle: case report and review of the literature. BMC Cancer 2011; 11: 323. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2407-11-323]
71. Kojima F, Ishida M, Takikita-Suzuki M, Shiba M, Tsujimoto Y, Kinouchi T, et al. Mammary-type myofibroblastoma of seminal vesicle. Histopathology 2012; 60: 524-527. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04064.x]
72. Zhu J, Chen LR, Zhang X, Gong Y, Xu JH, Zheng S. Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the seminal vesicles: ultrasonography and computed tomography findings. Urology 2011; 78: 1073-1074. [DOI:10.1016/j.urology.2011.01.032]
73. Boeren K, De Bruecker Y, Vankan Y, Perdieus D. Schwannoma of the seminal vesicle. JBR-BTR 2011; 94: 96. [DOI:10.5334/jbr-btr.515]
74. Ouyang J, Yin HL, Lu ZF, Zhou HB, Zhou XJ. [Primary Burkitt lymphoma of the seminal vesicle: a case report and review of the literature]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2009; 15: 733-737. (In Chinese)
75. Funahashi Y, Hattori R, Matsukawa Y, Yamamoto T, Mizutani K, Yoshino Y, et al. [Solitary fibrous tumor of the seminal vesicle]. Aktuelle Urol 2010; 41: 326-327. (In German) [DOI:10.1055/s-0030-1247319]
76. Sanghvi DA, Purandare NC, Jambhekar NA, Thakur MH, Joshi MS. Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle. Br J Radiol 2004; 77: 159-160. [DOI:10.1259/bjr/28175121]
77. Han P, Wei Q, Yang YR. Neurilemmoma of a seminal vesicle. Chin Med J 2007; 120: 1383-1384.
78. Montie JE, Wojno K, Klein E, Pearsall C, Levin H. Transitional cell carcinoma in situ of the seminal vesicles: 8 cases with discussion of pathogenesis, and clinical and biological implications. J Urol 1997; 158: 1895-1898. [DOI:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64162-4]
79. Arya M, Hayne D, Brown RS, O'Donnell PJ, Mundy AR. Hemangiopericytoma of the seminal vesicle presenting with hypoglycemia. J Urol 2001; 166: 992. [DOI:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65886-7]
80. Adachi Y, Rokujyo M, Kojima H, Nagashima K. Primary seminoma of the seminal vesicle: report of a case. J Urol 1991; 146: 857-859. [DOI:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)37944-2]
81. Hatcher PA, Tucker JA, Carson CC. Fibromuscular hyperplasia of the seminal vesicle. J Urol 1989; 141: 957-958. [DOI:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)41069-X]
82. Lamont JS, Hesketh PJ, de las Morenas A, Babayan RK. Primary angiosarcoma of the seminal vesicle. J Urol 1991; 146: 165-167. [DOI:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)37743-1]
83. Islam M. Benign mesenchymoma of seminal vesicles. Urology 1979; 13: 203-205. [DOI:10.1016/0090-4295(79)90301-7]
84. Soyer P, Rougier P, Gad M, Roche A. Primary carcinoid tumor of the seminal vesicles: CT and MR findings. J Belge Radiol 1991; 74: 117-119.
85. Polianichko MF, Ogorodnikova LS, Zaderin VP. [Round-cell sarcoma of the seminal vesicles]. Urol Nefrol (Mosk) 1974: 44-45. (In Russia)
86. Martinez-Penuela A, Rosario Mercado M, Aldave J, Martinez-Penuela JM. [Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles]. Arch Esp Urol 2009; 62: 671-673. (In Spanish) [DOI:10.4321/S0004-06142009000800013]
87. Lote H, Mannion E, Cook T, Cairns T, Savage P. Adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles complicated by antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitis: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2013; 7: 59. [DOI:10.1186/1752-1947-7-59]
88. Tarjan M, Ottlecz I, Tot T. Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle. Indian J Urol 2009; 25: 143-145. [DOI:10.4103/0970-1591.45557]
89. Ramamurthy R, Periasamy S, Mettupalayam V. Primary malignancy of seminal vesicle: A rare entity. Indian J Urol 2011; 27: 137-139. [DOI:10.4103/0970-1591.78417]
90. Mohring C, Bach P, Kosciesza S, Goepel M. [A primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles. Case report of a rare malignancy]. Urologe A 2008; 47: 616-619. (In German) [DOI:10.1007/s00120-008-1625-5]
91. Angulo JC, Romero I, Cabrera P, Gonzalez J, Rodriguez-Barbero JM, Nunez-Mora C. [Vesiculectomy with laparoscopic partial prostatectomy in the treatment of primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle with carcinomatous transformation of the ejaculatory duct]. Actas Urol Esp 2011; 35: 304-309. (In Spanish) [DOI:10.1016/j.acuro.2010.10.002]
92. Kinjo T, Nonomura D, Yamamoto Y, Yoneda S, Nomura H, Tei N, et al. [Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle difficult to differentiate from rectal carcinoma : a case report]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2013; 59: 597-601. (In Janpanese)
93. Chheda N, Bolegave M, Shet T, Tongaonkar H. Recurrent mullerian adenosarcoma like tumor of seminal vesicle. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2010; 53: 342-344. [DOI:10.4103/0377-4929.64331]
94. Baschinsky DY, Niemann TH, Maximo CB, Bahnson RR. Seminal vesicle cystadenoma: a case report and literature review. Urology 1998; 51: 840-845. [DOI:10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00711-5]
95. Pitkanen P, Westermark P, Cornwell GG, 3rd, Murdoch W. Amyloid of the seminal vesicles. A distinctive and common localized form of senile amyloidosis. Am J Pathol 1983; 110: 64-69.
96. Yang Z, Laird A, Monaghan A, Seywright M, Ahmad I, Leung HY. Incidental seminal vesicle amyloidosis observed in diagnostic prostate biopsies--are routine investigations for systemic amyloidosis warranted? Asian J Androl 2013; 15: 149-151. [DOI:10.1038/aja.2012.125]
97. Kono M, Kurokawa T, Takata M, Komatsu K, Tsukahara K, Kurose N. [Localized amyloidosis of the seminal vesicle: a case report]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2011; 57: 99-101. (In Japanese)
98. Coyne JD, Kealy WF. Seminal vesicle amyloidosis: morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical observations. Histopathology 1993; 22: 173-176. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb00098.x]
99. Furuya S, Masumori N, Furuya R, Tsukamoto T, Isomura H, Tamakawa M. Characterization of localized seminal vesicle amyloidosis causing hemospermia: an analysis using immunohistochemistry and magnetic resonance imaging. J Urol 2005; 173: 1273-1277. [DOI:10.1097/01.ju.0000152291.44802.9f]
100. Argon A, Simsir A, Sarsik B, Tuna B, Yorukoglu K, Niflioglu GG, et al. Amyloidosis of seminal vesicles; incidence and pathologic characteristics. Turk Patoloji Derg 2012; 28: 44-48. [DOI:10.5146/tjpath.2012.01096]
101. Vandwalle J, Dugardin F, Petit T, Surga N, Paul A, Petit J. [Haemospermia due to seminal vesicle amyloidosis. Treatment by laparoscopic vesiculectomy. A case report]. Prog Urol 2007; 17: 1382-1384. (In French) [DOI:10.1016/S1166-7087(07)78583-4]
102. Chang K, Sio TT, Chandan VS, Iott MJ, Hallemeier CL. Angiosarcoma of the seminal vesicle: a case report of long-term survival following multimodality therapy. Rare Tumors 2014; 6: 5202. [DOI:10.4081/rt.2014.5202]
103. Corriere JN, Jr. Painful ejaculation due to seminal vesicle calculi. J Urol 1997; 157: 626. [DOI:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65225-X]
104. Amano T, Kunimi K, Ohkawa M. Transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate and seminal vesicles with hemospermia. Urol Int 1994; 53: 139-142. [DOI:10.1159/000282655]
105. Prando A. Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging in persistent hemospermia. Int Braz J Urol 2008; 34: 171-177. [DOI:10.1590/S1677-55382008000200007]
106. Vellayappan BA, Tiong HY, Chua WJ, Consigliere DT. Seminal vesicle calculus after transurethral resection of ejaculatory duct. Can J Urol 2007; 14: 3595-3597.
107. Han P, Yang YR, Zhang XY, Wei Q. Laparoscopic treatment of a calcium fluorophosphate stone within a seminal vesicle cyst. Asian J Androl 2008; 10: 337-340. [DOI:10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00341.x]
108. George SS. CAlcification of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles. J Am Med Assoc 1906; XLVII: 103-105. [DOI:10.1001/jama.1906.25210020023002f]
109. Yadav R, Goel A, Sankhwar SN, Goyal NK. Incidentally detected bilaterally symmetrical seminal and vas calcification in young infertile male: a case report, literature review and algorithm for diagnosis. Can Urol Assoc J 2012; 6: 206-208. [DOI:10.5489/cuaj.12009]
110. Stasinou T, Bourdoumis A, Owegie P, Kachrilas S, Buchholz N, Masood J. Calcification of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles: a review. Can J Urol 2015; 22: 7594-7598.
111. Shebel HM, Elsayes KM, Abou El Atta HM, Elguindy YM, El-Diasty TA. Genitourinary schistosomiasis: life cycle and radiologic-pathologic findings. Radiographics 2012; 32: 1031-1046. [DOI:10.1148/rg.324115162]
112. de Oliveira MJ, Nogueira VH, Mendes MG, dos Santos AR. [Unilateral calcification of vas deferens and seminal vesicle]. Actas Urol Esp 2009; 33: 105. [DOI:10.1016/S0210-4806(09)74013-6]
113. Gonzalez Ortega FJ, Duque Fernandez de Vega S, Garrido Pareja F. [Bilateral calcification of seminal vesicles and vas deferens]. Actas Urol Esp 2009; 33: 216. (In Spanish) [DOI:10.1016/S0210-4806(09)74129-4]
114. Yassa NA, Keesara S. Role of transrectal ultrasonography in evaluating the cause of azoospermia. Can Assoc Radiol J 2001; 52: 266-268.
115. Lin JZ, Wu HF, Wang JC, Le MZ, Yu HB, Zhou HT. Ectopic opening of cystic dilatation of the ejaculatory duct into enlarged prostatic utricle. J Androl 2012; 33: 574-577. [DOI:10.2164/jandrol.111.014233]
116. Lee CB, Choi HJ, Cho DH, Ha US. Cystadenoma of the seminal vesicle. Int J Urol 2006; 13: 1138-1140. [DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2006.01511.x]
117. Arora A, Sharma S, Seth A. Unusual retrovesical cystic mass in a male patient. Urology 2013; 81: 23-24. [DOI:10.1016/j.urology.2012.10.022]
118. Tambo M, Fujimoto K, Hoshiyama F, Nakanishi M, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. [A case of retrovesical leiomyoma]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2004; 50: 497-499.
119. Ahmadzadeh M, Bosse A. Leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle. Urol Int 1996; 57: 252-254. [DOI:10.1159/000282927]
120. Inan N, Fayda M, Aksu G, Akansel G, Muezzinoglu B, Arslan A. Leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle mimicking tumoral extension of prostatic carcinoma. Acta Chir Belg 2009; 109: 811-814. [DOI:10.1080/00015458.2009.11680546]
121. Shiotani T, Kawai N, Sato M, Minamiguchi H, Takeuchi T, Tanihata H, et al. Leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle. Jpn J Radiol 2009; 27: 218-220. [DOI:10.1007/s11604-009-0321-8]
122. Vigano P, Bonacina P, Strada GR. Leiomyoma of the seminal vesicles. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2003; 75: 230-231.
123. Arun G, Chakraborti S, Rai S, Prabhu GG. Seminal vesicle schwannoma presenting with left hydroureteronephrosis. Urol Ann 2014; 6: 363-365. [DOI:10.4103/0974-7796.141007]
124. Furtado AM, Carrasquinho E, Ferreira M, Afonso A, Ferrito F. Schwannoma, a rare tumor of the seminal vesicle. Cent European J Urol 2011; 64: 44-46. [DOI:10.5173/ceju.2011.01.art10]
125. Latchamsetty KC, Elterman L, Coogan CL. Schwannoma of a seminal vesicle. Urology 2002; 60: 515. [DOI:10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01815-0]
126. Fievet L, Boissier R, Villeret J, Vidal F, Lechevallier E, Coulange C. [Pelvic kystic schwannoma evoking a tumor of the right seminal vesicle]. Prog Urol 2010; 20: 660-664. (In French) [DOI:10.1016/j.purol.2009.12.009]
127. Weingarten TN, Araka CN, Mogensen ME, Sorenson JP, Marienau ME, Watson JC, et al. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome during anesthesia: a report of 37 patients. J Clin Anesth 2014; 26: 648-653. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclinane.2014.09.009]
128. Giordano S, Tolonen T, Tolonen T, Hirsimaki S, Kataja V. A pure primary low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumor) of the prostate. Int Urol Nephrol 2010; 42: 683-687. [DOI:10.1007/s11255-009-9660-8]
129. Xu LW, Wu HY, Yu YL, Zhang ZG, Li GH. Large phyllodes tumour of the seminal vesicle: case report and literature review. J Int Med Res 2010; 38: 1861-1867. [DOI:10.1177/147323001003800534]
130. Khan MS, Zaheer LU, Ahmed K, Cahill D, Horsfield C, Rottenberg G, et al. Low-grade phyllodes tumor of the seminal vesicle treated with laparoscopic excision. Nat Clin Pract Urol 2007; 4: 395-400. [DOI:10.1038/ncpuro0837]
131. de Paula AA, Maltez AR, Mota ED. Small round blue cell tumor of seminal vesicle in a young patient. Int Braz J Urol 2006; 32: 566-569. [DOI:10.1590/S1677-55382006000500011]
132. Papoutsoglou N, Burger M, Riedmiller H. Persistent painless hemospermia due to metastatic melanoma of the right seminal vesicle. BMC Urol 2013; 13: 43. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2490-13-43]
133. Reisman Y, de Reijke TM. An unusual cause of irritable urinary bladder symptoms. Urol Int 2001; 66: 225-256. [DOI:10.1159/000056620]
134. Tornblom M, Fredriksson A, Larsson P, Zimmermann R, Hedenborg L. Seminal vesicle metastasis--an overlooked occurrence of testicular tumours? Br J Urol 1996; 77: 160-162. [DOI:10.1046/j.1464-410X.1996.87035.x]
135. Gong L, Zheng M, Li Y, Zhang W, Bu W, Shi L, et al. Seminal vesicle metastasis after partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2011; 11: 111. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2407-11-111]
136. Mai KT, Belanger EC, Al-Maghrabi HM, Robertson S, Wang D, Margnean C. Primary prostatic central zone adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2008; 204: 251-258. [DOI:10.1016/j.prp.2007.11.002]
137. Smith JD, Nash GM, Weiser MR, Temple LK, Guillem JG, Paty PB. Multivisceral resections for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2012; 99: 1137-1143. [DOI:10.1002/bjs.8820]
138. Gakis G, Efstathiou J, Lerner SP, Cookson MS, Keegan KA, Guru KA, et al. ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder Cancer 2012: Radical cystectomy and bladder preservation for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Eur Urol 2013; 63: 45-57. [DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.009]
139. Yumura Y, Noguchi K, Moriyama M, Iwasaki A. Sudden decline in semen volume due to seminal vesicle fistula in a patient with Crohn's disease: a case report. Urol J 2014; 11: 1356-1138.

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb