1. Agarwal A, Allamaneni SSR. The effect of Sperm DNA damage on assisted reproduction outcomes, a review. Minereva Ginocol 2004; 56: 235-245.
2. Sharma RK, Said T, Agarwal A. Sperm DNA damage and its clinical relevance in assessing reproductive outcome. Asian J Androl 2004; 6:139-148.
3. Sun JG, Jurisicova A, Casper RF. Detection of deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation in human sperm: correlation with fertilization in vitro. Biol Reprod 1997; 56: 602-607. [
DOI:10.1095/biolreprod56.3.602]
4. Saleh RA, Agarwal A, Nada EA, El-Tonsy MH, Sharma RK, Meyer A, et al. Negative effects of increased sperm DNA damage in relation to seminal oxidative stress in men with idiopathic and male factor infertility. Fertil Steril 2003; 79 Suppl 3: 1597-1605. [
DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(03)00337-6]
5. Alvarez JG. DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa: significance in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Minerva Ginecol 2003; 55: 233-239.
6. Morris ID, Ilott S, Dixon L, Brison DR. The spectrum of DNA damage in human sperm assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and its relationship to fertilization and embryo development. Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 990-998. [
DOI:10.1093/humrep/17.4.990]
7. Perreault SD, Aitken RJ, Baker HW, Evenson DP, Huszar G, Irvine DS, et al. Integrating new tests of sperm genetic integrity into semen analysis: breakout group discussion. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003; 518: 253-268. [
DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-9190-4_23]
8. Ramos L, Wetzels AM. Low rates of DNA fragmentation in selected motile human spermatozoa assessed by the TUNEL assay. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 1703-1707 [
DOI:10.1093/humrep/16.8.1703]
9. Shen HM, Dai J, Chia SE, Lim A, Ong CN. Detection of apoptotic alterations in sperm in subfertile patients and their correlations with sperm quality. Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 1266-1273. [
DOI:10.1093/humrep/17.5.1266]
10. Giwercman A, Richthoff J, Hjollund H, Bonde JP, Jepson K, Frohm B, et al. Correlation between sperm motility and sperm chromatin structure assay parameters. Fertil Steril 2003; 80: 1404-1412. [
DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(03)02212-X]
11. McVicar CM, McClure N, Williamson K, Dalzell LH Lewis SE. Incidence of Fas positivity and deoxyribonucleic acid double-stranded breaks in human ejaculated sperm. Fertil Steril 2004; 81 Suppl 1: 767-774. [
DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.013]
12. Lachaud C, Tesarik J, Canadas ML, Mendoza C. Apoptosis and necrosis in human ejaculated spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 2004; 19: 607-610. [
DOI:10.1093/humrep/deh130]
13. Sills ES, Fryman JT, Perloe M, Michels KB, Tucker MJ. Chromatin fluorescence characteristics and standard semen analysis parameters correlations observed in andrology testing among 136 males referred for infertility evaluation. J Obstet Gynaecol 2004; 24: 74-77. [
DOI:10.1080/01443610310001620369]
14. Oosterhuis GJ, Mulder AB, Kalsbeek-Batenburg E, Lambalk CB, Schoemaker J, Vermes I. Measuring apoptosis in human spermatozoa a biological assay for semen quality. Fertil Steril 2000; 74: 245-250. [
DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(00)00623-3]
15. Lopes S, Sun JG, Juriscova A, Meriano J, Casper RF. Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation is increased in poor-quality semen samples and correlates with failed fertilization in intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 1998; 69: 528-532. [
DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(97)00536-0]
16. Irvine DS, Twigg JP, Gordon EL, Fulton N, Milne PA, Aitken RJ. DNA integrity in human spermatozoa relationships with semen quality. J Androl 2000; 21: 33-44.
17. Hughes CM, Lewis SE, McKelvey-Martin VJ, Thompson W. A comparison of baseline and induced DNA damage in human spermatozoa from fertile and infertile men, using a modified comet assay. Mol Hum Reprod 1996; 2: 613-619. [
DOI:10.1093/molehr/2.8.613]
18. Henkel R, Kierspel E, Hajimohammad M, Stalf T, Hoogendijk C, Mehnert C, et al. DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa and assisted reproduction technology. Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 7: 477-484. [
DOI:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61893-7]
19. Singh N, McCoy M, Tice R, Schneider E. A simple technique for quantitiation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 1988; 175: 184-191. [
DOI:10.1016/0014-4827(88)90265-0]
20. World Health Organization WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction.1999 4th ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
21. Kruger TF, Menkveld R, Stander FS, Lombard CJ, Van der Merwe JP, van Zyl JA, et al. Sperm morphologic features as a prognostic factor in in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1986; 46: 1118-1120 [
DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49891-2]
22. Angelis KJ, Dusinska M, Collins AR. Single cell gel electrophoresis: detection of DNA damage at different levels of sensitivity. Electrophoresis 1999; 20: 2133-2138.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(19990701)20:10<2133::AID-ELPS2133>3.0.CO;2-Q [
DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(19990701)20:103.0.CO;2-Q]