International Journal of
Reproductive Biomedicine
Sat, Nov 7, 2026
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Volume 24, Issue 3 (March 2026)
Int J Reprod BioMed. 2026, 24(3): 181-192 |
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Ethics code: 2.KEH.158.11.2024
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Herawati U N, Annas J Y, Widjiati W. Citrus limon peel extract versus metformin in testosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome: An experimental study. Int J Reprod BioMed. 2026; 24 (3) :181-192
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-3751-en.html
URL: http://ijrm.ir/article-1-3751-en.html
1- Master Program of Reproductive Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. , ulfanadiya27@gmail.com; ulfa.nadiya.herawati-2022@fk.unair.ac.id
2- Master Program of Reproductive Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. & Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
3- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
2- Master Program of Reproductive Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. & Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
3- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Abstract: (821 Views)
Background: Metformin is the standard therapy for metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but its gastrointestinal side effects prompt the search for alternatives. Lemon peel extract (LPE) possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties that may support PCOS management.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of LPE, metformin, and their combination on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in testosterone-induced PCOS rats.
Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 32 females Rattus norvegicus (12 wk, 130-170 gr), divided into 4 groups (n = 8): untreated PCOS, PCOS + LPE at dose 500 mg/kg, PCOS + metformin at dose 200 mg/kg, and PCOS with combination LPE 500 mg/kg + metformin 200 mg/kg. PCOS was induced with testosterone propionate (10 mg/kg) for 21 days, followed by 14 days of treatment. 24 hr after the last treatment, blood samples were collected to measure TNF-α, insulin and FBG using the enzyme-linked immunoassay method. HOMA-IR was calculated from insulin and FBG levels.
Results: LPE significantly reduced TNF-α, HOMA-IR, and FBG compared with the untreated PCOS rats (p < 0.001), no significant differences were observed when compared with metformin administration (TNF-α, p = 0.945; HOMA-IR, p = 0.554; FBG, p = 0.575). Additionally, combination therapy of LPE and metformin resulted in a greater reduction in HOMA-IR and FBG than single therapy (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: LPE reduced TNF-α levels, HOMA-IR, and FBG in PCOS rats, with effects comparable to metformin. Interestingly, their effectiveness improves when used in combination.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of LPE, metformin, and their combination on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in testosterone-induced PCOS rats.
Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 32 females Rattus norvegicus (12 wk, 130-170 gr), divided into 4 groups (n = 8): untreated PCOS, PCOS + LPE at dose 500 mg/kg, PCOS + metformin at dose 200 mg/kg, and PCOS with combination LPE 500 mg/kg + metformin 200 mg/kg. PCOS was induced with testosterone propionate (10 mg/kg) for 21 days, followed by 14 days of treatment. 24 hr after the last treatment, blood samples were collected to measure TNF-α, insulin and FBG using the enzyme-linked immunoassay method. HOMA-IR was calculated from insulin and FBG levels.
Results: LPE significantly reduced TNF-α, HOMA-IR, and FBG compared with the untreated PCOS rats (p < 0.001), no significant differences were observed when compared with metformin administration (TNF-α, p = 0.945; HOMA-IR, p = 0.554; FBG, p = 0.575). Additionally, combination therapy of LPE and metformin resulted in a greater reduction in HOMA-IR and FBG than single therapy (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: LPE reduced TNF-α levels, HOMA-IR, and FBG in PCOS rats, with effects comparable to metformin. Interestingly, their effectiveness improves when used in combination.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Reproductive Endocrinology
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